| Hyperglycemia reduces LC3-II and ATG5 protein levels which contribute to deficiencies in the autophagy process, with development and progression of DN. SGLT2i significantly reduces progression of DN and onset of end-stage renal disease in T2DM patients, probably through its effect on autophagy (Journal of Diabetes Research)
In patients with HFrEF, liraglutide might increase the risk of cardiovascular adverse effects, an effect possibly driven by excess risk of arrhythmias and worsening HF events (Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism)
Using highly-sensitive assays, testing for three autoantibodies fails to detect islet autoimmunity in approximately 1/20 children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. Testing for IAA in children <5 years and GADA in those >10 years was the most effective strategy for detecting islet autoimmunity. The ability to test for all islet autoantibodies should inform clinical decisions and make screening for monogenic diabetes more cost-effective (Diabetic Medicine)
Based on a willingness-to-pay threshold of GBP 20,000 per QALY gained, once-weekly semaglutide 1 mg was projected to be highly cost-effective versus insulin aspart for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in the UK (Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism)
CGM was well-tolerated, showing poorer glycaemic control in GDM, and revealing potential misdiagnosis of the OGTT when combined with GDM risk factors. Future research is needed to determine cut-off values for CGM-defined and OGTT-independent screening criteria for GDM (Journal of Diabetes Research)
Intestinal integrity is compromised in subjects with T2DM, and the activation of LPS-TLR4 signaling might play an important role in the development of microalbuminuria in T2DM (Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity)
In this study, children exposed to GDM experience greater extrinsic EAA, which is associated with lower insulin sensitivity and greater insulin secretion. Further studies are needed to determine the directionality of these associations (Diabetic Medicine)
Real-world SGLT2 inhibitor use support randomised trial data for the size effect of reduced hospitalisation for heart failure in type 2 diabetes, although with a much lower ARR in people without CVD (Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism)
This article presents a clinical perspective with multidisciplinary collaboration on a patient case representative of those seen in routine clinical practice (Clinical Diabetes)
In the present study, metabolic signatures were shown to be useful in identifying type 1 diabetes at different clinical stages, and 3-phenylpropionic acid and hypotaurine are novel biomarkers for identifying new-onset type 1 diabetes, suggesting the involvement of the gut bacterial environment, anti-oxidant mechanisms through the hypotaurine-taurine pathway and methylated deoxyribonucleic acid fragmentation in the process of β-cell destruction (Journal of Diabetes Investigation)
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