| E-fuel, a clean fuel source made from hydrogen and CO2 that can be used in traditional combustion engines and distributed using networks that already exist, has the potential to revolutionize the global energy supply, replacing fossil-based fuels in ships, airplanes as well as trucks and cars, with as much as 90% lower emissions. Building the global infrastructure to support mass uptake of green hydrogen – a type of e-fuel which the International Renewable Energy Agency estimates could account for as much as 12% of global energy use by 2050 -is a systems-level challenge. It will require young technology companies, governments, and large corporates in traditional businesses to cooperate in new ways. German Power-to-X scaleup Ineratec is at the center of a growing number of these collaborations. On July 4 Ineratec announced that it had formed a public-private collaboration with Germany's GIZ, arm of the German government, to promote the production of green hydrogen in Chile. Under the International Hydrogen Ramp-Up program, funded by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action, the partnership, which also includes global iindustrial services group Ferristaal, plans to demonstrate a technically feasible and commercially viable e-fuels plant using modular synthesis units. Ineratec’s approach is to place its modular plants next to sources of renewable energy, such as off-shore wind farms, and then convert the energy into green fuels that can be easily stored and transported for use by different sectors. The German scale-up, which has raised a total of €55 million from government grants and investors that include the corporate venture arm of Japanese car maker Honda, French aviation firm Safran, French global energy company Engie and Münchmeyer Petersen & Co. (MPC) Group, a German family-owned, global group active in shipping, shipbuilding and industrial services and project development in the field of renewables, plans to target each of these areas. It already has partnerships in place with energy companies across Europe and has opened 13 demonstration facilities. It is building a commercial-scale plant in Frankfurt -currently the largest of its kind in the world – which will, among other off-takes, supply sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) directly to the city’s international airport. It has additionally signed an agreement to build a Power-to-Liquid plant in the port of Amsterdam with the goal of producing up to 35,000 tonnes of e-fuels per year. | 
