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| Versatile coronavirus antibody may be starting point for broader-acting vaccines Posted: 27 May 2021 05:42 PM PDT Scientists investigated how the immune system's previous exposure to cold-causing coronaviruses impact immune response to COVID-19. In doing so, they discovered one cross-reactive coronavirus antibody that's triggered during a COVID-19 infection. |
| Driving in the snow is a team effort for AI sensors Posted: 27 May 2021 02:25 PM PDT A major challenge for fully autonomous vehicles is navigating bad weather. Snow especially confounds crucial sensor data that helps a vehicle gauge depth, find obstacles and keep on the correct side of the yellow line, assuming it is visible. Averaging more than 200 inches of snow every winter, Michigan's Keweenaw Peninsula is the perfect place to push autonomous vehicle tech to its limits. |
| Dark energy survey releases most precise look at the universe's evolution Posted: 27 May 2021 02:25 PM PDT The Dark Energy Survey examines the largest-ever maps of galaxy distribution and shapes, extending more than 7 billion light-years across the Universe. The extraordinarily precise analysis, which includes data from the survey's first three years, contributes to the most powerful test of the current best model of the Universe, the standard cosmological model. However, hints remain from earlier DES data and other experiments that matter in the Universe today is a few percent less clumpy than predicted. |
| Key early steps in gene expression captured in real time Posted: 27 May 2021 01:34 PM PDT Scientists have observed early RNA transcription dynamics by recording where, when and how RNA polymerase enzymes kick off transcription by binding to a DNA sequence. |
| Partners in crime: Agricultural pest that relies on bacteria to overcome plant defenses Posted: 27 May 2021 12:54 PM PDT The oral secretions of herbivorous insects can activate plant defense mechanisms that protect plant cells from being digested. However, scientists have discovered that some larvae 'partner up' with bacteria that help interrupt these plant defense mechanisms. This disrupts the plant's defenses before the digestive proteins that the larvae smear on them. These findings may help agricultural scientists devise countermeasures that protect important agricultural species from the larvae. |
| Engineered defects in crystalline material boosts electrical performance Posted: 27 May 2021 12:53 PM PDT Researchers have discovered that engineering one-dimensional line defects into certain materials can increase their electrical performance. |
| Managing global climate change--and local conditions--key to coral reefs' survival Posted: 27 May 2021 12:02 PM PDT According to a new study, what's key to coral reefs surviving climate-driven heatwaves and subsequent bleaching is managing global climate change -- and local conditions. |
| Technology predicts protein stability Posted: 27 May 2021 12:02 PM PDT A digital tool that will make it cheaper, safer and faster to develop new medicines is being rolled out by scientists. |
| Parasites as fountains of youth: Study finds infected ants live much longer Posted: 27 May 2021 12:01 PM PDT According to the results of a multi-year scientific study, ants of the species Temnothorax nylanderi show exceptionally high survival rates when infected with a tapeworm. |
| How more inclusive lab meetings lead to better science Posted: 27 May 2021 12:01 PM PDT A new article seeks to help scientists structure their lab-group meetings so that they are more inclusive, more productive and, ultimately, lead to better science. |
| Three years younger in just eight weeks? A new study suggests yes! Posted: 27 May 2021 11:53 AM PDT A groundbreaking clinical trial shows we can reduce biological age (as measured by the Horvath 2013 DNAmAge clock) by more than three years in only eight weeks with diet and lifestyle through balancing DNA methylation. |
| Aging: Clinical trial on potential reversal of epigenetic age using a diet and lifestyle Posted: 27 May 2021 11:53 AM PDT A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted among 43 healthy adult males between the ages of 50-72. The 8-week treatment program included diet, sleep, exercise and relaxation guidance, and supplemental probiotics and phytonutrients. |
| Biologists construct a 'periodic table' for cell nuclei Posted: 27 May 2021 11:52 AM PDT One hundred fifty years after Dmitri Mendeleev's periodic table classified atomic nuclei, biologists have created a new classification system for cell nuclei - and shown how they can be transmuted from one type into another. |
| Microbial gene discovery could mean greater gut health Posted: 27 May 2021 11:52 AM PDT As the owner of a human body, you're carrying trillions of microbes with you everywhere you go. These microscopic organisms aren't just hitching a ride; many of them perform essential chemical reactions that regulate everything from our digestion to our immune system to our moods. |
| Posted: 27 May 2021 11:52 AM PDT Long interested in interactions between robots and humans, researchers have created EVA, a new autonomous robot with a soft and expressive face that responds to match the expressions of nearby humans. |
| Fight against antibiotic-resistant bacteria has a glowing new weapon Posted: 27 May 2021 11:52 AM PDT In the perpetual arms races between bacteria and human-made antibiotics, there is a new tool to give human medicine the edge, in part by revealing bacterial weaknesses and potentially by leading to more targeted or new treatments for bacterial infections. |
| Posted: 27 May 2021 08:26 AM PDT About 12,000 bacteria and viruses collected in a sampling from public transit systems and hospitals around the world from 2015 to 2017 had never before been identified, according to a new study. |
| Lead levels in urban soil are declining but hotspots persist Posted: 27 May 2021 08:26 AM PDT Lead paint and leaded gasoline have been banned for decades, but unsafe levels of lead remain in some urban soils, a new study finds. The researchers mapped soil lead concentrations along 25 miles of streets in Durham, N.C. Though contamination generally has declined since the 1970s, soil collected near houses predating 1978 still averaged 649 milligrams of lead per kilogram of soil, well above the 400 mg/kg threshold associated with health risks to children. |
| Gene research on brassicas provides potential for making better crops Posted: 27 May 2021 08:26 AM PDT Scientists have used gene technology to understand more about the make-up of the evolution of brassicas - paving the way for bigger and more climate resilient yields from this group of crops that have been grown for thousands of years. |
| AGA recommends early use of biologics in patients with moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease Posted: 27 May 2021 08:25 AM PDT Crohn's disease, a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that causes inflammation (pain and swelling) in the gastrointestinal tract, can cause daily health problems, frequent hospitalizations and surgery when not adequately controlled. While there is no cure for Crohn's disease, there are treatments that can help patients live a symptom-free life. |
| Fish adapt to ocean acidification by modifying gene expression Posted: 27 May 2021 08:25 AM PDT To survive in a reduced pH environment, marine organisms have to adjust their physiology which, at the molecular level, is achieved by modifying the expression of genes. The study of such changes in gene expression can aid in revealing the adaptive mechanisms of life under predicted future ocean acidification conditions. |
| How New Zealand's cheeky kea and kaka will fare with climate change Posted: 27 May 2021 08:25 AM PDT With global warming decreasing the size of New Zealand's alpine zone, a new study found out what this means for our altitude-loving kea. |
| New microscopy method reaches deeper into the living brain Posted: 27 May 2021 08:25 AM PDT Researchers have developed a new technique that allows microscopic fluorescence imaging at four times the depth limit imposed by light diffusion. Fluorescence microscopy is often used to image molecular and cellular details of the brain in animal models of various diseases but, until now, has been limited to small volumes and highly invasive procedures due to intense light scattering by the skin and skull. |
| Slushy iceberg aggregates control calving timing on Greenland's Jakobshavn Isbræ Posted: 27 May 2021 08:25 AM PDT shows that a relaxation in the thick aggregate of icebergs floating at the glacier-ocean boundary of the Jakobshavn Isbræ occurs up to an hour before calving events. This finding may help scientists better understand future sea-level rise scenarios and could also help them predict when major episodes of calving are about to occur. |
| How metals work together to weaken hardy nitrogen-nitrogen bonds Posted: 27 May 2021 08:25 AM PDT Chemists have determined the structure of the complex that forms when N2 binds to an iron-sulfur cluster, offering clues as to how microbes use nitrogenase enzymes to convert atmospheric dinitrogen into ammonia. |
| Gravitational wave search no hum drum hunt Posted: 27 May 2021 08:25 AM PDT The hunt for the never before heard 'hum' of gravitational waves caused by mysterious neutron stars has just got a lot easier, thanks to an international team of researchers. |
| Astronomer reveals never-before-seen detail of the center of our galaxy Posted: 27 May 2021 08:25 AM PDT New research reveals, with unprecedented clarity, details of violent phenomena in the center of our galaxy. |
| Shiny mega-crystals that build themselves Posted: 27 May 2021 08:25 AM PDT Researchers are playing with shape-engineered nanoscale building blocks that are up to 100-times larger than atoms and ions. Although these nano 'Lego bricks' interact with each other with forces vastly different and much weaker than those holding atoms and ions together, they form crystals all by themselves, the structures of which resemble the ones of natural minerals. These superlattices exhibit unique properties such as superfluorescence - and may well usher in a new era in materials science. |
| Controlling magnetization by surface acoustic waves Posted: 27 May 2021 08:25 AM PDT Using the circular vibration of surface acoustic waves, a collaborative research group have successfully controlled the magnetization of a ferromagnetic thin film. |
| Fisheries resilience following Tohoku tsunami Posted: 27 May 2021 08:25 AM PDT A small Japanese fishing community devastated by the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami of 2011 managed to recover from the disaster through cooperative community activity despite the propensity for individualist-competitive behavior within fisheries - cooperative activity that continued many years later. |
| Artificial neurons recognize biosignals in real time Posted: 27 May 2021 08:25 AM PDT Researchers have developed a compact, energy-efficient device made from artificial neurons that is capable of decoding brainwaves. The chip uses data recorded from the brainwaves of epilepsy patients to identify which regions of the brain cause epileptic seizures. This opens up new perspectives for treatment. |
| Mathematical model developed to prevent botulism Posted: 27 May 2021 08:24 AM PDT Food producers can use a mathematical model to ensure their products do not cause botulism. |
| New study confirms noble false widow spiders bites can result in hospitalization Posted: 27 May 2021 08:24 AM PDT Scientists have published a new study showing that Noble False Widow spiders can deliver a bite that requires hospitalization. The threat posed by the Noble False Widow spider has been debated among spider and healthcare specialists for many years. This new study confirms that some bite victims experience symptoms very similar to the true black widow spiders and some severe cases require hospitalization. |
| Vaccine target for devastating livestock disease could change lives of millions Posted: 27 May 2021 08:24 AM PDT The first ever vaccine target for trypanosomes, a family of parasites that cause devastating disease in animals and humans, has been discovered. By targeting a protein on the cell surface of the parasite Trypanosoma vivax, researchers were able to confer long-lasting protection against animal African trypanosomiasis (AAT) infection in mice. |
| 'Rescue mutations' that suppress harmful DNA changes could shed light on genetic disorders Posted: 27 May 2021 08:24 AM PDT New insights into the ability of DNA to overcome harmful genetic changes have been discovered. |
| Sometimes, even 3-year-olds just want to fit in with the group Posted: 27 May 2021 08:24 AM PDT What makes preschoolers eat their veggies? Raise their hand? Wait their turn? 'Because I say so' is a common refrain for many parents. But when it comes to getting kids to behave, recent research suggests that the voice of adult authority isn't the only thing that matters. Around age three, fitting in with the group starts to count big too. |
| It takes some heat to form ice Posted: 27 May 2021 08:24 AM PDT Researchers tracked down the first step in ice formation at a surface, revealing that additional energy is needed for water before ice can start to form. |
| Causal mechanism of link between cancer and obesity Posted: 27 May 2021 08:24 AM PDT A review study advances knowledge about the connection between obesity-associated inflammation and cancer. The researchers suggest that inflammatory cells with immunosuppressive properties may act as a critical biological link between obesity and cancer risk, progression, and metastasis. |
| Some forams could thrive with climate change, metabolism study finds Posted: 27 May 2021 08:24 AM PDT With the expansion of oxygen-depleted waters in the oceans due to climate change, some species of foraminifera (forams, a type of protist or single-celled eukaryote) that thrive in those conditions could be big winners, biologically speaking. |
| Spacetime crystals proposed by placing space and time on an equal footing Posted: 27 May 2021 08:24 AM PDT A scientist studying crystal structures has developed a new mathematical formula that may solve a decades-old problem in understanding spacetime, the fabric of the universe proposed in Einstein's theories of relativity. |
| Escape from oblivion: How the brain reboots after deep anesthesia Posted: 27 May 2021 08:24 AM PDT An innovative study uses the anesthetics propofol and isoflurane in humans to study the patterns of reemerging consciousness and cognitive function after anesthesia. |
| When cancer cells 'put all their eggs in one basket' Posted: 27 May 2021 08:24 AM PDT Normal cells usually have multiple solutions for fixing problems that may arise. But cancer cells may 'put all their eggs in one basket,' getting rid of all backup plans and depending on just one solution. Researchers discovered that a particular type of blood cancer, acute myeloid leukemia, came to depend on a single DNA repair method. They developed a drug that shut down the remaining pathway in lab-grown cells. |
| Obsessive compulsive disorder linked to increased ischemic stroke risk later in life Posted: 27 May 2021 06:14 AM PDT Adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) were more than three times as likely as those without the disorder to have an ischemic stroke later in life. Adults with OCD should maintain a healthy lifestyle, including not smoking, exercising, and managing a healthy weight, to help prevent stroke. Health care professionals should closely monitor patients with OCD for increased risk of ischemic stroke. |
| Fungus fights mites that harm honey bees Posted: 27 May 2021 06:14 AM PDT A new fungus strain bred in a lab could provide a chemical-free method for eradicating mites that kill honey bees. Varroa destructor mites play a large role in Colony Collapse Disorder, which destroys thousands of bee colonies every year. |
| Improving computer vision for AI Posted: 27 May 2021 06:14 AM PDT Researchers have developed a new method that improves how artificial intelligence learns to see. |
| Banning the sale of fossil-fuel cars benefits the climate when replaced by electric cars Posted: 27 May 2021 05:43 AM PDT If a ban were introduced on the sale of new petrol and diesel cars, and they were replaced by electric cars, the result would be a great reduction in carbon dioxide emissions. That is the finding of new research, looking at emissions from the entire life cycle - from manufacture of electric cars and batteries, to electricity used for operation. |
| Plastic waste has some economic benefit for developing countries Posted: 27 May 2021 05:42 AM PDT For decades, wealthy nations have transported plastic trash, and its environmental problems, to poorer countries, but researchers have found a potential bright side to this seemingly unequal trade: plastic waste may provide an economic boon for the lower-income countries. Researchers analyzed 11 years of data on the global plastics trade against economic measures for 85 countries. They found plastic waste import was associated with growth in GDP per capita in lower-income countries. |
| Posted: 26 May 2021 03:58 PM PDT In series of samples collected from individuals vaccinated against COVID-19, an ultrasensitive test detected low concentrations of circulating antigen. Following robust production of antibodies, investigators found that the viral protein declined to undetectable levels. |
| The path to more human-like robot object manipulation skills Posted: 26 May 2021 12:02 PM PDT Scientists summarize, compare and contrast research in learned robot manipulation through the lens of adaptability and outline promising research directions for the future. |
| Inhaled nanobodies protect hamsters from COVID-19, study finds Posted: 26 May 2021 12:02 PM PDT Inhalable nanobodies targeting the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 can prevent and treat severe COVID-19 in hamsters, according to new research. |
| Neotropical river otters in Brazil communicate in a rich vocal range Posted: 26 May 2021 12:01 PM PDT Solitary river otters in Brazil use a rich repertoire of vocalizations during play and conflict, according to a new study. |
| Novel sensor discovered that helps bacteria detect and respond to formaldehyde Posted: 26 May 2021 12:00 PM PDT Bacteria called methylotrophs can use methane and methanol as fuel; in doing so, they produce large amounts of formaldehyde during growth, but until recently no one knew how they detected and responded to this toxic compound. Researchers describe their discovery of a novel formaldehyde sensor in the bacterium Methylorubrum extorquens, and other methylotrophs. |
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