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| Viruses in the gut may warn of a deadly disease in preterm infants Posted: 25 Apr 2022 02:21 PM PDT Medical researchers explore the galaxy of viruses present in the gut, known as the gut virome. They find that some preterm infants undergo marked alterations in their pattern of gut viruses shortly before developing a serious and often fatal disease known as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). |
| Terahertz imaging reveals hidden inscription on early modern funerary cross Posted: 25 Apr 2022 02:21 PM PDT Using terahertz imaging and signal processing techniques to look beneath the corroded surface of a 16th-century lead funerary cross, researchers have revealed an inscription of the Lord's Prayer. |
| An easier way to teach robots new skills Posted: 25 Apr 2022 12:43 PM PDT Researchers have developed a technique that enables a robot to learn a new pick-and-place task with only a handful of human demonstrations. This could allow a human to reprogram a robot to grasp never-before-seen objects, presented in random poses, in about 15 minutes. |
| Posted: 25 Apr 2022 12:43 PM PDT New research results demonstrate how inflammation from a COVID-19 infection during pregnancy could potentially impact long-term infant health, including infant growth and brain development. A new study describes how infants of mothers who had a COVID-19 infection during pregnancy had significant elevations in inflammatory blood markers, also known as cytokines, at the time of delivery. |
| Wireless device to provide new options for colorectal cancer treatment Posted: 25 Apr 2022 11:42 AM PDT A team is developing an intracavity device that will allow doctors to eliminate leftover cancer cells during surgery, reducing the need for additional treatments such as chemotherapy. |
| How to assess a community's resilience Posted: 25 Apr 2022 11:42 AM PDT Communities large and small exist throughout the West where water is life. Social systems are entwined with water systems, so water supply challenges are social challenges. To understand how the connection between those systems impacts communities' water supply resilience, researchers have developed a new framework to think about social water resilience. |
| Being in nature: Good for mind, body and nutrition Posted: 25 Apr 2022 10:59 AM PDT Researchers have investigated how nature relatedness -- simply feeling connected with the natural world -- benefits dietary diversity and fruit and vegetable intake. |
| Meat consumption must fall by at least 75 percent Posted: 25 Apr 2022 10:59 AM PDT If our planet Earth is to continue feeding us in the future, rich countries must significantly reduce their meat consumption -- ideally by at least 75 percent. The study reviews the current state of research on various aspects of meat consumption. In addition to the effects on the environment and climate, these include health and economic effects. |
| Study: Economic burden of PTSD 'staggering' Posted: 25 Apr 2022 10:59 AM PDT A new study finds that the national economic burden of PTSD goes beyond direct health care expenses and exceeds the costs of other common mental health conditions, such as anxiety and depression. The researchers estimated the cost of PTSD at $232.2 billion for 2018, the latest year for which data were available at the time of the study. |
| New research harnesses the power of movement Posted: 25 Apr 2022 10:59 AM PDT Harvesting energy from the day-to-day movements of the human body and turning it into useful electrical energy, is the focus of a new piece of research. Academics have developed a unique design for sensors capable of using human movements -- such as bending, twisting and stretching -- to power wearable technology devices including smart watches and fitness trackers. |
| Study reviews COVID-related hospital visitation limits and family stress Posted: 25 Apr 2022 10:59 AM PDT Efforts by hospitals to protect people from COVID-19 by restricting them from visiting family members in ICUs may have contributed to a significant increase in stress-related disorders, according to new research. The study reports that nearly two-thirds of those restricted from visiting were suffering from stress-related disorders three months after their family member was hospitalized. |
| Beetle in the coconut: Fossil find sheds new light on Neotropical rainforests Posted: 25 Apr 2022 09:11 AM PDT Tiny beetles that feed on fruit from the palm family may have developed their taste for coconuts long ago, according to a team of scientists studying suspected insect damage in a 60-million-year-old fossil. |
| 'I know this song!' Evolutionary keys to musical perception Posted: 25 Apr 2022 09:11 AM PDT When we hear a song that we already know, we can identify it even if it is not an exact version of the original. If it sounds higher or lower, faster or slower, or if the instruments are different from the known version, humans can identify it even if there are these superficial changes to the melody. New research explores the extent to which this skill is based on skills that are also present in other animals, i.e., not unique to humans. |
| Automated nutrition app can help people follow healthier diet Posted: 25 Apr 2022 09:11 AM PDT People could benefit from fully automated personal nutritional advice, as a new research paper shows that an app improved healthy diet in clinical trials. |
| These male spiders catapult at impressive speeds to flee their mates before they get eaten Posted: 25 Apr 2022 09:11 AM PDT After males of the orb-weaving spider Philoponella prominens mate with a female, they quickly launch themselves away, researchers report. Using a mechanism that hadn't been described before, the male spiders use a joint in their first pair of legs to immediately undertake a split-second catapult action, flinging themselves away from their partners at impressive speeds clocked at up to 88 centimeters per second (cm/s). |
| Cheaper hydrogen fuel cell could mean better green energy options Posted: 25 Apr 2022 09:11 AM PDT Researchers have developed a hydrogen fuel cell that uses iron instead of rare and costly platinum, enabling greater use of the technology. |
| Scientists have discovered how bloodworms make their unique copper teeth Posted: 25 Apr 2022 09:11 AM PDT Bloodworms are known for their unusual fang-like jaws, which are made of protein, melanin, and concentrations of copper not found elsewhere in the animal kingdom. Scientists have observed how these worms use copper harvested from marine sediments to form their jaws, and the process may be even more unusual than the teeth themselves. |
| A new era of mitochondrial genome editing has begun Posted: 25 Apr 2022 09:11 AM PDT A new era of mitochondrial genome editing has begun. Scientists successfully achieve A to G base conversion, the final missing piece of the puzzle in gene-editing technology. |
| Researchers discover drug-resistant environmental mold is capable of infecting people Posted: 25 Apr 2022 09:10 AM PDT A new study finds that drug-resistant mold is spreading from the environment and infecting susceptible people's lungs. |
| Reprogrammed macrophages promote spread of breast cancer Posted: 25 Apr 2022 09:10 AM PDT Metastatic breast cancer cells abuse macrophages, a type of immune cell, to promote the settlement of cancer metastases in the lungs. The reprogrammed macrophages stimulate blood vessel cells to secrete a cocktail of metastasis-promoting proteins that are part of the so-called metastatic niche. |
| Posted: 25 Apr 2022 09:10 AM PDT A major new study shows adding rock dust to UK agricultural soils could remove between 6 and 30 million tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere annually by 2050. |
| Study identifies gaps in monitoring of streams Posted: 25 Apr 2022 09:10 AM PDT 'We find that gauges are located disproportionally in large, perennial rivers draining more human-occupied watersheds,' the authors write in their paper, which will be published on April 25 in Nature Sustainability. 'Gauges are sparsely distributed in protected areas and rivers characterized by non-perennial flow regimes, both of which are critical to freshwater conservation and water security concerns.' |
| Using AI to detect cancer from patient data securely Posted: 25 Apr 2022 09:10 AM PDT A new way of using artificial intelligence to predict cancer from patient data without putting personal information at risk has been developed. Swarm learning can be used to help computers predict cancer in medical images of patient tissue samples, without releasing the data from hospitals. |
| Omicron prompted spike in COVID cases in pregnant women, but fewer hospitalizations Posted: 25 Apr 2022 09:10 AM PDT Women who were pregnant during the recent Omicron surge were diagnosed with COVID-19 at a much higher rate than during previous phases of the pandemic, but were less likely to develop severe illness, a study has found. |
| Scientists model landscape formation on Titan, revealing an Earth-like alien world Posted: 25 Apr 2022 07:49 AM PDT A new hypothesis reveals that a global sedimentary cycle driven by seasons could explain the formation of landscapes on Saturn's moon Titan. The research shows the alien world may be more Earth-like than previously thought. |
| Friendship ornaments from the Stone Age Posted: 25 Apr 2022 07:49 AM PDT Roughly 6,000 years ago, hunter-gatherer communities in northeast Europe produced skillfully manufactured slate ring ornaments in great numbers. While these ornaments are commonly referred to as 'slate rings', they were rarely used as intact rings. Instead, the ornaments were fragmented on purpose, using pieces of rings as tokens. These fragments were further processed into pendants. The fragments have most likely served as symbols of the social relations of Stone Age hunter-gatherers. |
| How equal charges in enzymes control biochemical reactions Posted: 25 Apr 2022 07:49 AM PDT It is well known in physics and chemistry that equal charges repel each other, while opposite charges attract. It was long assumed that this principle also applies when enzymes -- the biological catalysts in all living organisms -- form or break chemical bonds. |
| Scientists find elusive gas from post-starburst galaxies hiding in plain sight Posted: 25 Apr 2022 07:49 AM PDT Post-starburst galaxies were previously thought to scatter all of their gas and dust -- the fuel required for creating new stars -- in violent bursts of energy, and with extraordinary speed. Now, new data from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) reveals that these galaxies don't scatter all of their star-forming fuel after all. Instead, after their supposed end, these dormant galaxies hold onto and compress large amounts of highly-concentrated, turbulent gas. But contrary to expectation, they're not using it to form stars. |
| Bean cultivation in diverse agricultural landscapes promotes bees and increases yields Posted: 25 Apr 2022 07:49 AM PDT Pollination by insects is essential for the production of many food crops. The presence of pollinators, such as bees, depends on the availability of nesting sites and sufficient food. If these conditions are lacking, the pollinators also fail to appear and the yield of flowering arable crops, such as broad beans or oilseed rape, suffers as well. A team has investigated how the composition of flowering crops and semi-natural habitats in the landscape affects the density of bees, their behavior when collecting nectar, and the faba bean (Vicia faba) yields. |
| When male bees don't get lucky Posted: 25 Apr 2022 07:49 AM PDT Do pesticides have anything to do with the decline in bee populations? A research team has now found a connection between fenbuconazole and the insects' mating behavior. |
| A friend, not foe: Parasite in gastrointestinal system found to promote health Posted: 25 Apr 2022 07:49 AM PDT Researchers have demonstrated that a gut parasite suppresses inflammation and improves the health of the gastrointestinal system. |
| Palmitoylation, a new target for anti-cancer drugs Posted: 25 Apr 2022 07:49 AM PDT By developing a tool to visualize the membrane association and activation status of normal and oncogenic proteins, scientists have established the basis for innovative drug discovery. |
| High performance microscopy for non-invasive conjunctival goblet cell examination Posted: 25 Apr 2022 07:49 AM PDT Scientists have developed a high-speed extended depth-of-field (DOF) microscopy for non-invasive conjunctival goblet cell (CGC) examination. |
| Learning from endangered zebra stem cells Posted: 25 Apr 2022 07:49 AM PDT Scientists have produced stem cells from the endangered Grévy's zebra using human reprogramming factors. Further comprehensive gene analyses identified key genes that are also found in human and mouse cells, providing insight into evolutionary conservation between mammals. |
| Exotic magnetic structures created with laser light Posted: 25 Apr 2022 07:48 AM PDT Research has found a new way to create nano-sized magnetic particles using ultrafast laser light pulses. The discovery could pave the way for new and more energy-efficient technical components and become useful in the quantum computers of the future. |
| Automated analysis of animal behavior Posted: 25 Apr 2022 07:48 AM PDT Researchershave developed a new method that uses artificial intelligence to analyze animal behavior. This opens the door to longer-term in-depth studies in the field of behavioral science -- while also helping to improve animal welfare. |
| Hitting rewind to predict multi-step chemical reactions Posted: 25 Apr 2022 07:48 AM PDT Researchers overcome computational limitations to predict the starting materials of multi-step reactions using only information about the target product molecule. |
| Offspring weakens when parents are given antibiotics Posted: 25 Apr 2022 07:48 AM PDT New study shows the immune system of zebrafish weakens if one parent has been exposed to antibiotics. Antibiotics can have unwanted effects for several generations, researchers discover. |
| Ecotourism is having a negative effect on primate's behavior Posted: 25 Apr 2022 07:48 AM PDT New research shows that the increase in primate ecotourism is having a negative effect on monkey's behavior. The study found that this fast-growing tourism sector where tourists can conveniently reach primates via motor boats is causing stress-related behaviors in monkeys. |
| Posted: 25 Apr 2022 07:48 AM PDT Chemists have developed a new, more sustainable process for synthesizing numerous important everyday chemicals from white phosphorus. The new process has the potential to establish innovative, more resource-efficient processes in the chemical industry. |
| Computing: Resilient system using only non-volatile memory Posted: 25 Apr 2022 07:47 AM PDT A research team has developed hardware and software technology that ensures both data and execution persistence. The Lightweight Persistence Centric System (LightPC) makes the systems resilient against power failures by utilizing only non-volatile memory as the main memory. |
| Scientists discover mechanism behind chemically induced suppression of fearful memories Posted: 25 Apr 2022 07:43 AM PDT Fearful events negatively impact the brain. For instance, war veterans often go through post-traumatic stress disorder months after the cessation of the triggering event. Now, the precise mechanism of suppression of such fearful memories has been uncovered. Using a mouse model, the researchers identified the associated biochemical pathways, thus paving the way for the development and clinical evaluation of therapeutic compounds such as KNT-127. |
| Breakthrough for efficient and high-speed spintronic devices Posted: 25 Apr 2022 05:57 AM PDT Scientists have made a major breakthrough on how the spin evolves in the nanoworld on extremely short time scales. |
| Marine mollusc shells reveal how prehistoric humans adapted to intense climate change Posted: 25 Apr 2022 05:57 AM PDT A study reveals the impact and consequences of the '8.2 ka event', the largest abrupt climate change of the Holocene, for prehistoric foragers and marine ecology in Atlantic Europe. |
| Living kidney donor surgery is low risk for most patients Posted: 25 Apr 2022 05:57 AM PDT The risk of major complications for people who donate a kidney via laparoscopic surgery is minimal. That is the conclusion of a 20-year study of more than 3,000 living kidney donors. Only 2.5% of patients in the study experienced major complications, and all recovered completely. |
| Researchers identify key regulators of urinary concentration in the kidney Posted: 25 Apr 2022 05:57 AM PDT The kidney carries out important functions via microscopic functional units called nephrons. Researchers are investigating which factors control the formation and function of specific segments of the nephron, called the distal nephron. Their findings could have implications in the treatment of kidney diseases. |
| Newly discovered protein in fungus bypasses plant defenses Posted: 25 Apr 2022 05:57 AM PDT Scientists have identified a protein that allows the fungus which causes white mold stem rot in more than 600 plant species to overcome plant defenses. Knowledge of this protein, called SsPINE1, could help researchers develop a new, more precise system of control measures for the Sclerotinia sclerotiorum fungus, which attacks potatoes, soybeans, sunflowers, peas, lentils, canola, and many other broad leaf crops. |
| Meet the forest microbes that can survive megafires Posted: 25 Apr 2022 05:57 AM PDT New research shows fungi and bacteria able to survive redwood tanoak forest megafires are microbial 'cousins' that often increase in abundance after feeling the flames. |
| Scientists discover how salt in tumors could help diagnose and treat breast cancer Posted: 24 Apr 2022 05:32 PM PDT Researchers have developed a technique using sodium magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to detect salt levels in breast cancer tumors in mice. Imaging salt levels could be a vital new tool to help diagnose and monitor breast cancer, the researchers say. |
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