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| How tumor cells use mitochondria to keep growing Posted: 10 May 2022 03:54 PM PDT Investigators have discovered that tumor cells use mitochondria to control their growth and detect stress that can destroy a tumor cell if it is not controlled. |
| Computational sleuthing confirms first 3D quantum spin liquid Posted: 10 May 2022 01:34 PM PDT Computational detective work by physicists has confirmed cerium zirconium pyrochlore is a 3D quantum spin liquid, a solid material in which quantum entanglement and the geometric arrangement of atoms cause electrons to fluctuate between quantum magnetic states no matter how cold they become. |
| 4D composite printing can improve the wings of drones Posted: 10 May 2022 01:34 PM PDT The aviation industry faces multiple pressures from higher fuel costs and increased scrutiny over the environmental and quality-of-life impacts from its aircraft. Researchers are looking for new methods of keeping expenses down while improving overall efficiency, and the relatively new market of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) -- or drones -- is no exception. |
| New research documents domestic cattle genetics in modern bison herds Posted: 10 May 2022 01:34 PM PDT A new study has revealed the strongest evidence to date that all bison in North America carry multiple small, but clearly identifiable, regions of DNA that originated from domestic cattle. |
| Fossil discovery reveals that trilobites had clasper-like limbs used for mating Posted: 10 May 2022 12:15 PM PDT Thanks to their easily fossilized exoskeleton, trilobites largely dominate the fossil record of early complex animal life. However, trilobite appendages and the anatomy of the underside of their body are typically not well preserved, which makes it difficult to infer their mating and reproductive behaviors. |
| Astronomers find 'gold standard' star in Milky Way Posted: 10 May 2022 12:14 PM PDT In our sun's neighborhood of the Milky Way Galaxy is a relatively bright star, and in it, astronomers have been able to identify the widest range of elements in a star beyond our solar system yet. |
| Cells take out the trash before they divide Posted: 10 May 2022 09:24 AM PDT Researchers have discovered that before cells start to divide, they toss waste products. Using a new method they developed for measuring the dry mass of cells, the researchers found cells suddenly lose mass as they enter cell division. |
| Scientists advance renewable hydrogen production method Posted: 10 May 2022 09:24 AM PDT Perovskite materials may hold the potential to play an important role in a process to produce hydrogen in a renewable manner, according to a recent analysis. Hydrogen has emerged as an important carrier to store energy generated by renewable resources, as a substitute for fossil fuels used for transportation, in the production of ammonia, and for other industrial applications. |
| Photosynthesis unaffected by increasing carbon dioxide channels in plant membranes Posted: 10 May 2022 09:24 AM PDT In a recent study,botanists investigated the effects of increasing the amount of carbon dioxide channels in plant membranes, but could not detect any impact on photosynthesis in model tobacco plants. |
| Wireless performance consistent across 5G millimeter-wave bands Posted: 10 May 2022 09:24 AM PDT Settling a key dispute in the wireless communications field, researchers found that transmission performance is consistent across different bands of the millimeter-wave (mmWave) spectrum targeted for high-speed, data-rich 5G systems. |
| At home, do-it-yourself fluid mechanics Posted: 10 May 2022 09:24 AM PDT Scientists describe their work on an at-home study of rheology, which is used to study the way non-Newtonian liquids or semisolid substances flow. The projects assigned to students had two parts: gathering qualitative visual evidence of rheological properties and taking quantitative measurements. The students checked for four behaviors -- shear thinning viscosity, viscoelasticity, shear normal stress difference, and extensional viscosity -- and even without access to laboratory rheometers, they developed creative and unique ways to carry out their measurements. |
| Exploring dynamics of blood flow in vascular, atherosclerotic diseases Posted: 10 May 2022 09:24 AM PDT Researchers present clinicians with information about the risk factors for atherosclerotic plaque formation from a mechanical point of view. The scientists are exploring whether it is possible to screen and intervene early for people at risk for atherosclerotic disease from the perspective of hemodynamics, using color Doppler ultrasound, coronary computed tomography angiography, and other screenings. The researchers used a multipoint, noncontact laser flow measurement method called microparticle image velocimetry. |
| Diets high in fiber associated with less antibiotic resistance in gut bacteria Posted: 10 May 2022 09:24 AM PDT Healthy adults who eat a diverse diet with at least 8-10 grams of soluble fiber a day have fewer antibiotic-resistant microbes in their guts, according to a new study. The results lead directly to the idea that modifying the diet has the potential to be a new weapon in the fight against antimicrobial resistance. And this does not require eating some exotic diet, but eating a diverse diet, adequate in fiber, a diet that some Americans already eat. |
| Opioid use disorder: Medication that lowers risk of overdose underused Posted: 10 May 2022 09:24 AM PDT Researchers found that less than half of Americans who received treatment for opioid use disorder over a five-year period were offered a potentially lifesaving medication. The numbers were even lower for those with what's known as polysubstance use disorder -- when opioid users also misuse other substances. |
| Researchers identify pathway that regulates lipid synthesis and contributes to tumor survival Posted: 10 May 2022 09:24 AM PDT Researchers show that cancer cells in an acidic environment undergo lipid synthesis and accumulation. The team identified the key signaling molecules responsible for these changes and discovered that these alterations are associated with poor outcomes and disease progression among breast cancer patients. |
| Tumor release of lactate forces nearby cells into supportive role Posted: 10 May 2022 09:24 AM PDT Tumors can force neighboring cells into supporting cancer growth by releasing lactate into their local environment, according to researchers. The findings pave the way for future drug treatments that thwart that defense mechanism to help cancer patients. |
| Gene therapy could treat Pitt-Hopkins syndrome, proof-of-concept study suggests Posted: 10 May 2022 07:30 AM PDT Scientists reported on an experimental gene-therapy-like technique to restore the normal activity of the TCCF4 gene deficient in individuals with Pitt-Hopkins syndrome. |
| High-performance hysteresis-free perovskite transistors Posted: 10 May 2022 07:30 AM PDT Engineers have developed p-channel transistors through halide anion engineering. The new technology realizes a threshold voltage of 0 V and is hysteresis-free and high performing. |
| Study of pregnant women finds increasing chemical exposure Posted: 10 May 2022 07:29 AM PDT A national study that enrolled a highly diverse group of pregnant women over 12 years found rising exposure to chemicals from plastics and pesticides that may be harmful to development. |
| Posted: 10 May 2022 07:29 AM PDT It's always rewarding when what started out as largely an academic endeavor turns out to impact a lot of people -- in this case women. Women suffering from endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and preeclampsia may be protected from future heart disease if they carry a specific common genetic variant on the surface of cells (insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor, or IGF1R). The research suggests new options for personalized screening and surveillance for cardiovascular disease. |
| Spintronics: How an atom-thin insulator helps transport spins Posted: 10 May 2022 07:29 AM PDT An intermediate layer consisting of a few atoms is helping to improve the transport of spin currents from one material to another. Until now, this process involves significant losses. A team reports on how this can be avoided. The researchers thus demonstrate important new insights relevant for many spintronic applications, for example energy-efficient and ultra-fast storage technologies of the future. |
| Psychopathic individuals are more likely to have larger striatum region in the brain Posted: 10 May 2022 07:29 AM PDT Neuroscientists have established the existence of a biological difference between psychopaths and non-psychopaths. |
| Micro- and nanoplastic from the atmosphere is polluting the ocean Posted: 10 May 2022 07:29 AM PDT According to estimates, by 2040 the level of plastic pollution could reach 80 million metric tons per year. Plastic particles have now been detected in virtually all spheres of the environment, e.g. in water bodies, the soil and the air. Via ocean currents and rivers, the tiny plastic particles can even reach the Arctic, Antarctic or ocean depths. A new overview study has now shown that wind, too, can transport these particles great distances -- and much faster than water can: in the atmosphere, they can travel from their point of origin to the most remote corners of the planet in a matter of days. |
| Study identifies potential target for treating childhood blood cancer Posted: 10 May 2022 07:29 AM PDT Scientists have pinpointed a possible new target for treating patients with the blood cancer juvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia (JMML), according to a new study. |
| Rare discovery: How a gene mutation causes higher intelligence Posted: 10 May 2022 07:29 AM PDT When genes mutate, this can lead to severe diseases of the human nervous system. Researchers have now used fruit flies to demonstrate how, apart from the negative effect, the mutation of a neuronal gene can have a positive effect -- namely higher IQ in humans. |
| Marine sponge chemical and synthetic derivatives hijack human enzyme to kill cells Posted: 10 May 2022 07:29 AM PDT A human enzyme converts chemicals produced by marine sponges and related synthetic derivatives into cell-killing compounds, shows a new study. |
| Complex human childbirth and cognitive abilities a result of walking upright Posted: 10 May 2022 07:29 AM PDT Childbirth in humans is much more complex and painful than in great apes. It was long believed that this was a result of humans' larger brains and the narrow dimensions of the mother's pelvis. Researchers have now used 3D simulations to show that childbirth was also a highly complex process in early hominins that gave birth to relatively small-brained newborns -- with important implications for their cognitive development. |
| Novel tool targeting unusual RNA structures for potential therapeutic applications Posted: 10 May 2022 07:29 AM PDT Ribonucleic acids (RNAs), which decode the genetic code stored in DNA and produce proteins, fold into diverse structures to govern fundamental biological processes in all life forms, including humans. Targeting disease-associated RNA structures with drug-like small molecules has been one of the gold standards for developing RNA-targeting drugs in the scientific field. Recently, a research team has developed a new type of RNA structure targeting tool to specifically recognize unusual four-strand RNA structures, which are associated with diseases such as cancer and neurological disorders. |
| Climate change is pushing pine defoliating moth northward 50 years ahead of earlier predictions Posted: 10 May 2022 07:29 AM PDT In Finland, climate change is causing the pine pest Panolis flammea, or pine beauty moth, to shift its range northward 50 years ahead of predictions. Changes in both the distribution and size of the pine beauty moth population are linked to higher temperatures, a new study shows. |
| Chagas disease: Hybrid strains make insidious parasite more dangerous Posted: 10 May 2022 07:29 AM PDT Researchers have mapped how the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi forms new variants that are more effective at evading the immune system and causing disease. Their findings can give rise to new methods for diagnosing, preventing and treating Chagas disease, which affects millions of people in Central and South America, causing thousands of deaths every year. |
| What benefits nutrition in Africa the most? Posted: 10 May 2022 07:29 AM PDT Malnutrition in developing countries is best addressed not by increasing the variety of crops grown on smallholder farms, but by improving access to markets. More variety in animal production, however, does show positive effects. |
| Soil microbes use different pathways to metabolize carbon Posted: 10 May 2022 07:29 AM PDT Much of what scientists think about soil metabolism may be wrong. New evidence suggests that microbes in different soils use different biochemical pathways to process nutrients, respire, and grow. The study upends long-held assumptions in the field of soil ecology and calls for more investigation and higher-resolution methods to be applied to what has been a black box for the field. |
| AI predicts infant age, gender based on temperament Posted: 10 May 2022 07:28 AM PDT A new study used machine learning to classify infants as either male or female at 0-24 weeks of age, 24-48 weeks of age and older than 48 weeks based off 14 temperament dimensions. Accuracy rates increased with age, ranging from a low of 38% for age group one, to 57% for age group three. |
| Assessment of metabolites in African savanna elephants Posted: 10 May 2022 07:28 AM PDT Researchers have conducted the first assessment of metabolites in African savanna elephants, an important step in understanding the relationship between metabolism and health in these endangered animals. |
| Animal research: Influence of experimenters on results less strong than expected Posted: 10 May 2022 07:28 AM PDT The Number One confounding factor in animal research is the person conducting the experiment. Behavioral biologists examined this factor in behavioral experiments involving mice at different locations. |
| Head, body, eye coordination conserved across animal kingdom Posted: 10 May 2022 07:28 AM PDT Fruit flies synchronize the movements of their heads and bodies to stabilize their vision and fly effectively, according to researchers who utilized virtual-reality flight simulators. The finding appears to hold true in primates and other animals, the researchers say, indicating that animals evolved to move their eyes and bodies independently to conserve energy and improve performance. This understanding could inform the design of advanced mobile robots. |
| Joubert Syndrome: Intellectual disability and defects in the hippocampus Posted: 10 May 2022 07:28 AM PDT An important link has been found between the intellectual disability experienced by children with the rare disease Joubert Syndrome (JS) and defects in the hippocampus. The hippocampus is the part of the brain associated with learning and memory. It also plays a role in various neurological and psychiatric disorders. Joubert Syndrome is a rare childhood disease that leads to poor muscle coordination, developmental delay, abnormal eye movements and neonatal breathing abnormalities. It is estimated that between 1 in 80,000 and 1 in 100,000 newborns are affected by the condition. |
| Stress may be associated with fertility issues in women Posted: 10 May 2022 07:28 AM PDT Female rats exposed to a scream sound may have diminished ovarian reserve and reduced fertility, according to a small animal study. |
| Bali-like temperatures in Wyoming? Fossils reveal tropically hot North America 95 million years ago Posted: 10 May 2022 07:28 AM PDT A new study that used fossil oyster shells as paleothermometers found the shallow sea that covered much of western North America 95 million years ago was as warm as today's tropics. |
| Poor eyesight unfairly mistaken for brain decline Posted: 09 May 2022 05:49 PM PDT Millions of older people with poor vision are at risk of being misdiagnosed with mild brain decline due to cognitive tests that rely on vision-dependent tasks. |
| Hidden distortions trigger promising thermoelectric property Posted: 09 May 2022 04:15 PM PDT A study describes a new mechanism for lowering thermal conductivity to aid the search for materials that convert heat to electricity or electricity to heat. Scientists describe the previously hidden sub-nanoscale origins of exceptional thermoelectric properties in silver gallium telluride. The discovery reveals a quantum mechanical twist on what drives the emergence of these properties -- and opens up a completely new direction for searching for new high-performance thermoelectrics. |
| Exposure to wildfires increases risk of cancer Posted: 09 May 2022 04:15 PM PDT A new study finds higher incidence of lung cancer and brain tumors in people exposed to wildfires. The study, which tracks over two million Canadians over a period of 20 years, is the first to examine how proximity to forest fires may influence cancer risk. |
| New research pinpoints 'blue corridors' for highly migratory fish Posted: 09 May 2022 04:15 PM PDT New research has pinpointed four high-traffic areas in the Pacific Ocean that should be considered of high priority if conservation efforts focused on large pelagic fishes such as tuna, blue marlin and swordfish are to be successful. |
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