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ScienceDaily: Latest Science News |
| Mysterious 'blue blobs' reveal a new kind of star system Posted: 16 Jun 2022 04:47 PM PDT Astronomers identify a new class of stellar system. They're not quite galaxies and only exist in isolation. |
| E-Scooters in Tucson, AZ: Modeling placement, charging, and rebalancing Posted: 16 Jun 2022 04:47 PM PDT Are e-scooters just the first sign of a shared-mobility revolution? If they are, then researchers at the University of Arizona intend to make sure that the emerging transportation system has functional models on par with other modes of transportation. |
| Solving the puzzle of 2D disorder Posted: 16 Jun 2022 04:47 PM PDT An interdisciplinary team developed a new method to characterize disorder in 2D materials, which is crucial to understanding and improving their performance. |
| Sharks may be closer to the city than you think, new study finds Posted: 16 Jun 2022 04:47 PM PDT The world's coastlines are rapidly urbanizing, but how this increased human presence may impact species living in the ocean is not fully understood. Scientists tracked the movements of three shark species, bull, nurse and great hammerhead, in relation to the city of Miami. Given the chemical, light, and noise pollution emanating from the coastal metropolis, researchers expected sharks to avoid areas close to the city, but that's not what they found. |
| Understanding learning by inference Posted: 16 Jun 2022 12:25 PM PDT Both humans and other animals are good at learning by inference, using information we do have to figure out things we cannot observe directly. New research shows how our brains achieve this by constructing cognitive maps. |
| Experiment results confirm anomaly suggesting new physics possibility Posted: 16 Jun 2022 12:25 PM PDT New scientific results confirm an anomaly seen in previous experiments, which may point to an as-yet-unconfirmed new elementary particle, the sterile neutrino, or indicate the need for a new interpretation of an aspect of standard model physics, such as the neutrino cross section, first measured 60 years ago. |
| Researchers change the game when it comes to activity tracking Posted: 16 Jun 2022 12:25 PM PDT The creation of high-resolution extrusion printing -- think 3D printing but with ink that conducts electricity -- has enabled researchers to explore the potential of wearable human motion devices. Wearable technology -- smartwatches, heart monitors, sleep aid devices, even step counters -- have become part of everyday life. And researchers have now created even smaller, lighter and highly-accurate sensors that can be integrated into clothing and equipment. |
| Soy sauce's salt-enhancing peptides Posted: 16 Jun 2022 12:24 PM PDT Soy sauce deepens the flavor of soup stocks, gives stir-fried rice its sweet-salty glaze and makes a plate of dumplings absolutely enjoyable. But what exactly makes this complex, salty, umami sauce so tasty? Now, researchers have discovered the proteins and other compounds that give soy sauce its distinctive flavors and they say that proteins and peptides help make it salty. |
| A glucose meter could soon say whether you have SARS-CoV-2 antibodies Posted: 16 Jun 2022 12:24 PM PDT Over-the-counter COVID tests can quickly show whether you are infected with SARS-CoV-2. But if you have a positive result, there's no equivalent at-home test to assess how long you're protected against reinfection. Researchers now report a simple, accurate glucose-meter-based test incorporating a novel fusion protein. The researchers say that consumers could someday use this assay to monitor their own SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels. |
| Watching the death of a rare giant star Posted: 16 Jun 2022 11:43 AM PDT Extreme supergiant stars known as hypergiants are very rare, with only a few known to exist in the Milky Way. By tracing molecular emissions in the outflows around the red hypergiant star VY Canis Majoris, astronomers obtained the first detailed map of the star's envelope, which sheds light on the mechanisms involved in the final stages of extreme supergiant star. |
| Biochemistry researchers repair and regenerate heart muscle cells Posted: 16 Jun 2022 11:27 AM PDT Researchers are reporting new technology that not only repairs heart muscle cells in mice but also regenerates them following a heart attack, or myocardial infarction as its medically known. |
| Genetic screening algorithm could identify people with kidney disease risk Posted: 16 Jun 2022 11:27 AM PDT By analyzing thousands of genetic risk variants, a new algorithm may be able to predict your risk of developing chronic kidney disease decades before onset. |
| Largest study of domestic cat DNA identifies disease-causing variants in new breeds Posted: 16 Jun 2022 11:27 AM PDT Thirteen genetic variants associated with disease in cats are present in more pedigreed breeds than previously thought, according to the largest ever DNA-based study of domestic cats. However, these variants are declining in frequency in breeds that are regularly screened for the genetic markers. |
| Quantum simulator delivers new insight Posted: 16 Jun 2022 11:27 AM PDT A quantum simulator is giving physicists a clear look at spin-charge separation, a bizarre phenomenon in which two parts of indivisible particles called electrons travel at different speeds in extremely cold 1D wires. The research has implications for quantum computing and electronics with atom-scale wires. |
| Researchers develop a comprehensive atlas of disease mortality Posted: 16 Jun 2022 11:27 AM PDT Researchers have published a detailed collection of mortality estimates for diseases, disorders and external factors. The study provides a resource to estimate reductions in life expectancy for a comprehensive range of disorders. The atlas will be a useful tool for clinicians, academics, and policymakers looking into links between disorders and mortality estimates, as well as for researchers studying specific diseases. |
| Posted: 16 Jun 2022 11:27 AM PDT A new population of polar bears documented on the southeast coast of Greenland use glacier ice to survive despite limited access to sea ice. This small, genetically distinct group of polar bears could be important to the future of the species in a warming world. |
| Humans responsible for over 90% of world's oil slicks Posted: 16 Jun 2022 11:27 AM PDT Scientists mapping oil pollution across the Earth's oceans have found that more than 90% of chronic oil slicks come from human sources, a much higher proportion than previously estimated. |
| Computer tool can track stroke rehabilitation to boost recovery Posted: 16 Jun 2022 11:27 AM PDT A sensor-equipped computer program can accurately identify and count arm movements in people undergoing stroke rehabilitation, a new study shows. |
| Once seen as fleeting, a new solar tech proves its lasting power Posted: 16 Jun 2022 11:27 AM PDT Researchers have developed the first perovskite solar cell with a commercially viable lifetime, marking a major milestone for an emerging class of renewable energy technology. The team projects their device can perform above industry standards for around 30 years, far more than the 20 years used as a threshold for viability for solar cells. |
| Martian meteorite upsets planet formation theory Posted: 16 Jun 2022 11:15 AM PDT A new study of an old meteorite contradicts current thinking about how rocky planets like the Earth and Mars acquire volatile elements such as hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen and noble gases as they form. |
| Repeated hurricane exposure linked to adverse psychological symptoms Posted: 16 Jun 2022 10:52 AM PDT Repeated exposure to hurricanes, whether direct, indirect or media-based, is linked to adverse psychological symptoms and may be associated with increased mental health problems, according to a new study. |
| To treat or to tolerate (pathogens), that is the question Posted: 16 Jun 2022 10:52 AM PDT Scientists have used Xenopus laevis tadpoles to tease out the genetic and biological mechanisms that enhance disease tolerance, and have identified drugs that can keep the tadpoles alive even in the presence of lethal bacteria. Many of the same mechanisms are also found in mammals, suggesting that humans and other animals could one day be treated for disease by increasing their tolerance to pathogens rather than killing the pathogens themselves. |
| Posted: 16 Jun 2022 10:52 AM PDT Humans tend to form groups, which often find themselves in conflict with rival groups. But why do people show such a ready tendency to harm people in opposing groups? A new study led by researchers at Virginia Commonwealth University used functional brain imaging technology to reveal a potential answer: It increases activity in the brain's reward network. |
| Off-season cattle grazing to help control fire danger from invasive cheatgrass Posted: 16 Jun 2022 10:52 AM PDT Cheatgrass, an invasive annual grass that has invaded Nevada rangelands, is responsible for much of the increasing wildfire danger in the Intermountain West. However, scientists have discovered that fire danger can be reduced through the application of targeted cattle grazing in the dormant growing season by attracting the cattle with stations containing protein feed supplements. |
| Drilling for rare disease therapeutics Posted: 16 Jun 2022 10:52 AM PDT A drug discovery approach developed -- in part inspired by oil companies -- revealed why drugs for cystic fibrosis fall short. |
| Peanut allergy treatment safest when started for infants under 12 months, researchers find Posted: 16 Jun 2022 09:16 AM PDT Researchers demonstrated in 2019 that pre-schoolers can safely overcome peanut allergies with a treatment called oral immunotherapy. Now they have evidence that the earlier pre-schoolers start this treatment, the better. This real-world study focused on infants younger than 12 months old and reveals that not only is oral immunotherapy effective against peanut allergies, it's even safer for this age group than it is for toddlers and older pre-schoolers. |
| Diamonds are for quantum sensing Posted: 16 Jun 2022 09:16 AM PDT Researchers measured tiny magnetic fields with unprecedented speed. By monitoring spins at nitrogen-vacancy centers along using ultrafast spectroscopy, this work may lead to extremely accurate future quantum computers. |
| Shedding light on linguistic diversity and its evolution Posted: 16 Jun 2022 09:16 AM PDT Scholars have created a new global repository of linguistic data. The project is designed to facilitate new insights into the evolution of words and sounds of the languages spoken across the world today. The Lexibank database contains standardized lexical data for more than 2000 languages. It is the most extensive publicly available collection compiled so far. |
| Let machines do the work: Automating semiconductor research with machine learning Posted: 16 Jun 2022 09:16 AM PDT The development of new thin semiconductor materials requires a quantitative analysis of a large amount of reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) data, which is time consuming and requires expertise. To tackle this issue, scientists identify machine learning techniques that can help automate RHEED data analysis. Their findings could greatly accelerate semiconductor research and pave the way for faster, energy efficient electronic devices. |
| Tight budgeters beware: Skip the coffee before shopping Posted: 16 Jun 2022 09:16 AM PDT The study found that shoppers who drank a cup of complimentary caffeinated coffee prior to roaming the stores spent about 50 percent more money and bought nearly 30 percent more items than shoppers who drank decaf or water. |
| Posted: 16 Jun 2022 09:16 AM PDT A common hormone disorder among women of reproductive age has been linked to an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events and pregnancy outcomes at the time of birth, according to a new study. |
| Research extends the lifetime of molecules in organic flow batteries to practical values Posted: 16 Jun 2022 09:16 AM PDT Researchers have developed a new method to dramatically extend the lifetime of organic aqueous flow batteries, improving the commercial viability of a technology that has the potential to safely and inexpensively store energy from renewable sources such as wind and solar. |
| 100,000-year-old polar bear genome reveals ancient hybridization with brown bears Posted: 16 Jun 2022 09:16 AM PDT An analysis of ancient DNA from a 100,000-year-old polar bear has revealed that extensive hybridization between polar bears and brown bears occurred during the last warm interglacial period in the Pleistocene, leaving a surprising amount of polar bear ancestry in the genomes of all living brown bears. |
| 30-year study links childhood obesity and fitness to midlife cognition Posted: 16 Jun 2022 09:15 AM PDT A new study of the impact of childhood fitness and obesity on cognition in middle age, followed over 1200 people who were children in 1985 for over 30 years, has found that better performance on physical tests is related to better cognition later in life and may protect against dementia in later years. Importantly these findings are not impacted by academic ability and socioeconomic status at childhood, or by smoking and alcohol consumption at midlife. |
| Who wants to be a billionaire? Most don't -- which is good news for the planet Posted: 16 Jun 2022 09:15 AM PDT A new study busts the long-held economic belief that humans are all motivated to want more and more, which could have important implications for sustainability policies. |
| Posted: 16 Jun 2022 09:15 AM PDT Researchers have identified and reconstructed the first ancient genome of E. coli, using fragments extracted from the gallstone of a 16th century mummy. |
| Molecular 3D-maps unlock new ways of studying human reproduction Posted: 16 Jun 2022 09:15 AM PDT Scientists have identified the biochemical signals that control the emergence of the body pattern in the primate embryo. This will guide work to understand birth defects and pregnancy loss in humans. |
| How the cerebellum modulates our ability to socialize Posted: 16 Jun 2022 09:15 AM PDT The cerebellum is essential for sensorimotor control but also contributes to higher cognitive functions including social behaviors. Researchers uncovered how dopamine in the cerebellum modulates social behaviors via its action on D2 receptors (D2R). These new findings pave the way to determine whether socially related psychiatric disorders are also associated with altered dopamine receptors expression in specific cerebellar cell types. |
| Posted: 16 Jun 2022 09:15 AM PDT During recent decades, the rate of infertility among women in the United States has remained largely the same, according to researchers. Their new analysis of data collected from 1995 and 2019 found that infertility is more common among women who are older, who are non-Hispanic Black and who have less income or education, and women without access to sexual and reproductive health services. |
| Posted: 16 Jun 2022 07:19 AM PDT A new study shows targeting a protein in smooth muscle cells can block and decrease buildup of atherosclerotic plaque in mouse models, according to researchers. |
| New solution for stem cell manufacturing Posted: 16 Jun 2022 07:19 AM PDT Researchers have developed a unique 3D printed system for harvesting stem cells from bioreactors. |
| Olive trees were first domesticated 7,000 years ago, study finds Posted: 16 Jun 2022 07:19 AM PDT A new study has unraveled the earliest evidence for domestication of a fruit tree, researchers report. The researchers analyzed remnants of charcoal from the Chalcolithic site of Tel Zaf in the Jordan Valley and determined that they came from olive trees. Since the olive did not grow naturally in the Jordan Valley, this means that the inhabitants planted the tree intentionally about 7,000 years ago. |
| Wildfire smoke exposure negatively impacts dairy cow health Posted: 16 Jun 2022 07:19 AM PDT Increasing frequency and size of wildfires in the United States over the past several decades affect everything from human life and health to air quality, biodiversity, and land use. The US dairy industry is not exempt from these effects. The Western states, where wildfires are especially prevalent, are home to more than two million dairy cows that produce more than 25% of the nation's milk. A new report examines how dairy cattle in the Western United States may be affected by unique air pollutants from wildfire smoke. |
| Can a parasitic wasp save your fruit crops? Posted: 16 Jun 2022 07:19 AM PDT Researchers developed a toolkit for investigating the molecular mechanisms governing the parasitic nature of the wasp species Asobara japonica. They first used DNA and RNA-sequencing-based techniques to identify genes controlling the wasp's body color, as well as the putative toxic components in its venom. They used RNA interference to block expression of the body color gene, darkening its appearance. Future experiments will use this technique to better understand the venom components' functions. |
| Scientists fail to locate once-common CA bumble bees Posted: 16 Jun 2022 07:19 AM PDT Several species of California bumble bees have gone missing in the first statewide census of the fuzzy pollinators in 40 years. |
| Dynamic rearrangement and autophagic degradation of the mitochondria during plant spermiogenesis Posted: 16 Jun 2022 07:19 AM PDT Researchers have reported that in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, the number of mitochondria in the spermatozoid (sperm) is controlled by autophagy during spermiogenesis. |
| Global warming is threatening the health of people in Britain Posted: 16 Jun 2022 07:19 AM PDT Heatwaves are making more people in rural areas of England severely ill today than they were in the 1980s, according to new research. |
| Nanochannels light the way towards new medicine Posted: 16 Jun 2022 07:19 AM PDT To develop new drugs and vaccines, detailed knowledge about nature's smallest biological building blocks -- the biomolecules -- is required. Researchers are now presenting a groundbreaking microscopy technique that allows proteins, DNA and other tiny biological particles to be studied in their natural state in a completely new way. |
| Posted: 15 Jun 2022 06:13 PM PDT Researchers have found that more than a quarter of asthma patients are still over-using inhalers intended for rapid relief of symptoms. Overuse of these inhalers is linked to an increased risk of hospital admissions and severe asthma attacks. They also found that prescribing varies between GP practices, with some overprescribing rescue inhalers to 6% of their asthma patients and some to as many as 60%. |
| Astronomers find evidence for most powerful pulsar in distant galaxy Posted: 15 Jun 2022 06:13 PM PDT Astronomers using data from the VLA Sky Survey have discovered one of the youngest known neutron stars -- possibly as young as only 14 years. The dense remnant of a supernova explosion was revealed when bright radio emission powered by the pulsar's powerful magnetic field emerged from behind a thick shell of debris from the explosion. |
| Polio outbreak risk increases in western Ukraine as war ensues Posted: 15 Jun 2022 06:13 PM PDT The reintroduction of the wild-type poliovirus or circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) is a sizeable threat in Ukraine, which is considered a high-risk country for vaccine-preventable infections, including poliomyelitis, an extremely dangerous disease that causes paralysis in children. The situation has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, the war in eastern Ukraine, and ongoing healthcare reforms, scientists say. |
| Plastic pollution in ocean may harbor novel antibiotics Posted: 15 Jun 2022 06:13 PM PDT Plastic pollution in the ocean, which can support microbial communities, may serve as a source for novel antibiotics, according to a new student-led study conducted in collaboration with the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. |
| Biotechnology platforms enable fast, customizable vaccine production Posted: 15 Jun 2022 06:13 PM PDT An examination of the COVID-related transition to biotechnology platform-based techniques for vaccine development concludes that such smart manufacturing techniques could in the future be applied to other viruses, potentially allowing vaccine development to keep pace with constantly evolving pathogens. |
| Tracing the remnants of Andromeda's violent history Posted: 15 Jun 2022 06:13 PM PDT A detailed analysis of the composition and motion of more than 500 stars revealed conclusive evidence of ancient a collision between Andromeda and a neighboring galaxy. The findings improve our understanding of the events that shape galaxy evolution. |
| Unique Viking shipyard discovered at Birka Posted: 15 Jun 2022 06:13 PM PDT Archaeologists have located a unique Viking Age shipyard site at Birka on Björkö in Lake Mälaren. The discovery challenges previous theories about how the maritime activities of the Viking Age were organized. |
| NASA telescope to help untangle galaxy growth, dark matter makeup Posted: 15 Jun 2022 06:13 PM PDT NASA's Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope will study wispy streams of stars that extend far beyond the apparent edges of many galaxies. Missions like the Hubble and James Webb space telescopes would have to patch together hundreds of small images to see these structures around nearby galaxies in full. Roman will do so in a single snapshot. Astronomers will use these observations to explore how galaxies grow and the nature of dark matter. |
| Posted: 15 Jun 2022 06:13 PM PDT Astronomers have imaged the debris disk of the nearby star HD 53143 at millimeter wavelengths for the first time, and it looks nothing like they expected. Based on early coronagraphic data, scientists expected ALMA to confirm the debris disk as a face-on ring peppered with clumps of dust. Instead, the observations took a surprise turn, revealing the most complicated and eccentric debris disk observed to date. |
| Young galaxy’s coming of age: Early galaxies may be surprisingly big and complex Posted: 15 Jun 2022 06:13 PM PDT Scientists have observed a significant amount of cold, neutral gas in the outer regions of the young galaxy A1689-zD1, as well as outflows of hot gas coming from the galaxy's center. These results may shed light on a critical stage of galactic evolution for early galaxies, where young galaxies begin the transformation to be increasingly like their later, more structured cousins. |
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