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| No more binge eating: Signal pathway in the brain that controls food intake discovered Posted: 28 Jun 2022 02:01 PM PDT Researchers have developed a novel approach to treating eating disorders. The scientists showed that a group of nerve cells in the hypothalamus (so-called AgRP, agouti-related peptide neurons) control the release of endogenous lysophospholipids, which in turn control the excitability of nerve cells in the cerebral cortex, which stimulates food intake. |
| Chemicals in Fairbanks winter air Posted: 28 Jun 2022 11:46 AM PDT A chemical compound discovered in 2019 in Fairbanks' wintertime air accounts for a significant portion of the community's fine particulate pollution, according to new research that seeks to better understand the causes and makeup of the dirty air. The finding is the first measurement of how much hydroxymethanesulfonate, or HMS, is in Fairbanks' air. |
| Many pain medications can be used for spine-related pain in older adults Posted: 28 Jun 2022 11:46 AM PDT Now a new review study has found acetaminophen is safe in older adults, but non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (ibuprofen) may be more effective for spine-related pain. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatories should be used short-term in lower dose courses with gastrointestinal precaution while corticosteroids show the least evidence for treating nonspecific back pain. |
| Identifying bird species by sound, the BirdNET app opens new avenues for citizen science Posted: 28 Jun 2022 11:05 AM PDT The BirdNET app, a free machine-learning powered tool that can identify over 3,000 birds by sound alone, generates reliable scientific data and makes it easier for people to contribute citizen-science data on birds by simply recording sounds. |
| Strategies beyond recycling to bolster circular economy for solar and battery technologies Posted: 28 Jun 2022 10:39 AM PDT In a new comprehensive literature review, researchers have discovered that alternatives to recycling may have untapped potential to build an effective circular economy for solar photovoltaic (PV) and battery technologies. These alternative strategies, such as reducing the use of virgin materials in manufacturing, reusing for new applications, and extending product life spans, may provide new paths to building sustainable product life cycles. |
| Role identified for key gene in developmental disability syndrome Posted: 28 Jun 2022 10:39 AM PDT A single gene that was previously found to be the driving force in a rare syndrome linked to epilepsy, autism and developmental disability has been identified as a linchpin in the formation of healthy neurons. Researchers say the gene, DDX3X, forms a cellular machine called a helicase, whose job it is to split open the hairpins and cul-de-sacs of RNA so that its code can be read by the protein-making machinery of the cell. |
| Scientists identify new brain mechanism involved in impulsive cocaine-seeking in rats Posted: 28 Jun 2022 10:39 AM PDT Researchers have found that blocking certain acetylcholine receptors in the lateral habenula (LHb), an area of the brain that balances reward and aversion, made it harder to resist seeking cocaine in a rat model of impulsive behavior. These findings identify a new role for these receptors that may represent a future target for the development of treatments for cocaine use disorder. There are currently no approved medications to treat cocaine use disorder. |
| How to MRI your dragon: Researchers develop first bearded dragon brain atlas Posted: 28 Jun 2022 08:34 AM PDT Researchers have performed MRI scans on bearded dragons to generate a high-resolution map of regions in the creatures' brains. |
| Maternal mortality jumped during COVID-19 pandemic Posted: 28 Jun 2022 08:34 AM PDT Researchers compared maternal mortality data from 2018-March 2020, when the pandemic began, to April-December 2020. Overall, they found large increases in maternal death (33%) and late maternal deaths (41%) after March 2020 compared with before the pandemic, and conspicuous increases among Black and Hispanic mothers. |
| Highly effective memory B cells localized in the lungs Posted: 28 Jun 2022 08:34 AM PDT How can we increase the efficacy of vaccines used to protect against viral respiratory diseases such as influenza and COVID-19? Scientists are opening up new prospects in the field, with the triggering of memory B cells directly in the lungs looking to be a promising avenue. At present, the vaccines are administered intramuscularly and do not trigger the appearance of these cell populations. |
| Investigating positron scattering from giant molecular targets Posted: 28 Jun 2022 08:34 AM PDT New research looks at positron scattering from rare gas atoms encapsulated in carbon 60 to investigate quantum properties that can't be tested with electrons. |
| New biobatteries use bacterial interactions to generate power for weeks Posted: 28 Jun 2022 08:33 AM PDT Researchers have developed a 'plug-and-play' biobattery that lasts for weeks at a time and can be stacked to improve output voltage and current. |
| Seat assignments drive friendships among elementary school children Posted: 28 Jun 2022 08:33 AM PDT Most teachers focus on academic considerations when assigning seats. A new study is the first to show that these classroom seat assignments also have important implications for children's friendships and the enormous influence that teachers wield over the interpersonal lives of children. Friendships reflect classroom seat assignments. Students sitting next to or nearby one another were more likely to be friends with one another than students seated elsewhere in the classroom. Moreover, longitudinal analyses showed that classroom seating proximity was associated with the formation of new friendships. After seat assignments changed, students were more likely to become friends with newly near-seated classmates than with those who remained or became seated farther away. |
| Tadpoles undergo surprising number of vision changes when becoming frogs Posted: 28 Jun 2022 08:33 AM PDT Tadpoles see well underwater, but what happens when they become frogs and live primarily on land? Researchers, curious about the answer, found the eyes of tadpoles undergo a surprising number of changes. It's already known that tadpoles go through a physical metamorphosis on their way to becoming a frog, but what wasn't known is how their vision adapts at a molecular level across the life stages to a strikingly different environment. |
| Seismic noise analysis could help monitor potential hazards in active mine Posted: 28 Jun 2022 08:33 AM PDT An active underground mine can be a seismically noisy environment, full of signals generated by heavy machinery at work and induced seismicity. Now, researchers working with data from a longwall coal mine demonstrate a way to extract and separate the signals generated from mining activity from the background seismic noise of the area. |
| Is AI good or bad for the climate? It's complicated Posted: 28 Jun 2022 08:33 AM PDT Experts in AI, climate change, and public policy present a framework for understanding the complex and multifaceted relationship of AI with greenhouse gas emissions, and suggest ways to better align AI with climate change goals. |
| Microfluidic-based soft robotic prosthetics promise relief for diabetic amputees Posted: 28 Jun 2022 08:33 AM PDT Scientists reveal their development of a new type of prosthetic using microfluidics-enabled soft robotics that promises to greatly reduce skin ulcerations and pain in patients who have had an amputation between the ankle and knee. They started with a recent device that uses pneumatic actuators and miniaturized the actuators by designing a microfluidic chip with 10 integrated pneumatic valves to control each actuator. The control box is small and light enough to be worn as part of the prosthesis. |
| Update noise regulations to protect seals, porpoises Posted: 28 Jun 2022 08:33 AM PDT Scientists review recent experiments and find noise regulations may need to be changed to protect porpoises, seals, and other sea-dwelling mammals. Current guidance for seals and porpoises is based on few measurements in a limited frequency range; the guidance is still valid for these frequencies, but investigators found substantial deviations in recent studies of the impact of low frequency noise on seals and high frequency noise on porpoises. |
| Defining plasma dose for potential future cancer treatments Posted: 28 Jun 2022 08:33 AM PDT Researchers may have found a new approach to treat cancer by using a plasma treatment to induce apoptosis, without any obvious side effect to normal cells. A plasma-activated medium (PAM) can be treated as a drug, with a dose-effect relationship. |
| Electrospinning promises major improvements in wearable technology Posted: 28 Jun 2022 08:33 AM PDT Researchers examine some of thelatest advances in wearable electronic devices and systems being developed using electrospinning -- the fabrication of nanofibers with tunable properties from a polymer base -- and showcase the many advantages electrospun materials have over conventional bulk materials. Their high surface-to-volume ratio endows them with enhanced porosity and breathability, which is important for long-term wearability, and with the appropriate blend of polymers, they can achieve superior biocompatibility. |
| How did vertebrates first evolve jaws? Posted: 28 Jun 2022 05:33 AM PDT Scientists reveal clues about the evolutionary origin of jaws by studying the embryonic development of zebrafish -- an approach known as 'evo-devo.' Using imaging and cell tracing techniques in zebrafish, researchers who conducted the study conclusively showed that the pseudobranch originates from the same mandibular arch that gives rise to the jaw. |
| Simultaneous extreme weather created dangerous cascades in U.S. Posted: 28 Jun 2022 05:33 AM PDT Intense heat in the southwestern United States broke records last summer partly because it hit in tandem with an unusually severe drought, finds a new study measuring for the first time how the two extreme weather events dangerously interacted in real time. |
| COVID-19 fattens up our body's cells to fuel its viral takeover Posted: 28 Jun 2022 05:33 AM PDT The virus that causes COVID-19 takes over the body's fat-processing system and boosts cellular triglycerides as it causes disease. |
| Posted: 28 Jun 2022 05:33 AM PDT Children conceived through medically assisted reproduction (MAR) fare better at school but are more likely to have mental health problems by their late teens, according to a new study. |
| Emergency care and hospitalizations higher among cannabis users, study finds Posted: 28 Jun 2022 05:32 AM PDT A new study found visits to the emergency department and hospitalizations are 22 per cent higher among individuals who use cannabis compared with those who do not. The findings also show serious physical injury and respiratory-reasons were the two leading causes of ED visits and hospitalizations among cannabis users. |
| Bacteria's shapeshifting behavior clue to new treatments for urinary tract infections Posted: 28 Jun 2022 05:32 AM PDT Urinary tract infections are both very common and potentially very dangerous. Around 80 per cent of UTIs are caused by uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC), which is increasingly resistant to antibiotics. E. coli-related death due to antimicrobial resistance is the leading cause of bacterial fatalities worldwide. New research examining bacterial behavior over the infection cycle is an important step towards enabling new treatments or prevention in the future. |
| Increasing heat waves affect up to half a billion people Posted: 28 Jun 2022 05:32 AM PDT Extremely high temperatures have been reported by India and Pakistan in the spring. In a new scientific journal article, researchers paint a gloomy picture for the rest of the century. Heat waves are expected to increase, affecting up to half a billion people in South Asia every year. |
| How climate change is affecting extreme weather events around the world Posted: 28 Jun 2022 05:32 AM PDT For a long time, climate scientists have struggled to link extreme weather events to climate change. This has changed. The science of weather event attribution is now beginning to show the true costs and impacts that human-caused climate change is having today. This fast-growing body of research aims to disentangle the various drivers of extreme weather events from human-induced climate change and the best assessments can provide valuable information in insuring against loss and damage, funding adaptation measures, and litigating against polluters. |
| Highly antibiotic-resistant strain of MRSA that arose in pigs can jump to humans Posted: 28 Jun 2022 05:32 AM PDT A new study has found that a highly antibiotic-resistant strain of the superbug MRSA -- methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus -- has emerged in livestock in the last 50 years, probably due to widespread antibiotic use in pig farming. |
| Natural gas used in homes contains hazardous air pollutants Posted: 28 Jun 2022 05:32 AM PDT Every day, millions of Americans rely on natural gas to power appliances such as kitchen stoves, furnaces, and water heaters, but until now very little data existed on the chemical makeup of the gas once it reaches consumers. |
| Posted: 27 Jun 2022 03:55 PM PDT A major clinical trial has found that by interrupting the treatment of vulnerable people on long-term immune suppressing medicines for two weeks after a COVID-19 booster vaccination, their antibody response to the jab is doubled. |
| Posted: 27 Jun 2022 09:49 AM PDT During three months of treatment for smoking cessation following hospital discharge, a healthcare system-based model using proven medications and counseling calls achieved better quit rates for adults who smoked than referral to a state telephone quitline. |
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