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ScienceDaily: Latest Science News |
| What a Martian meteorite can teach us about Earth's origins Posted: 12 Jul 2022 04:05 PM PDT What do Mars and Iceland have in common? These days, not so much. But more than 4.5 billion years ago, it's possible the Red Planet had a crust comparable to Iceland today. This discovery, hidden in the oldest martian fragments found on Earth, could provide information about our planet that was lost over billions of years of geological movement and could help explain why the Earth developed into a planet that sustains a broad diversity of life and Mars did not. |
| Gender bias in search algorithms has effect on users, new study finds Posted: 12 Jul 2022 04:05 PM PDT Gender-neutral internet searches yield results that nonetheless produce male-dominated output, finds a new study by psychologists. Moreover, these search results have an effect on users by promoting gender bias and potentially influencing hiring decisions. |
| Cancer cells can migrate toward certain 'sweet spot' environments Posted: 12 Jul 2022 12:50 PM PDT Engineers have discovered that cancer cells invade the body based on their environment. The discovery provides new understanding of how cancer spreads and can improve future treatments. |
| Efficient, stable, and eco-friendly thermoelectric material discovered Posted: 12 Jul 2022 11:14 AM PDT A thermoelectric metal oxide film with a thermoelectric figure of merit of ~0.55 at 600°C has been discovered, opening new avenues towards the widespread use of thermoelectric converters. |
| Nutrient imbalance in flathead lake Posted: 12 Jul 2022 11:14 AM PDT New research has found a sustained imbalance between nitrogen and phosphorus that likely has significant ecological consequences for lakes worldwide. |
| Research links national-level greenhouse gas emissions, warming and resulting economic damage Posted: 12 Jul 2022 11:13 AM PDT Study provides data on gains and losses attributable to individual countries, including the finding that a group from the world's leading national emitters of GHGs have caused $6 trillion in global economic losses through warming caused by their emissions from 1990 to 2014. |
| Successful heart xenotransplant experiments set protocol for pig-to-human organ transplantation Posted: 12 Jul 2022 11:13 AM PDT A team successfully transplanted two genetically engineered pig hearts into recently deceased humans in June and July, marking the latest advances toward addressing the nationwide organ shortage and developing a clinical protocol that would provide an alternative supply of organs for people with life-threatening heart disease. |
| Soil quality critical to help some U.S. crops weather heat stress from climate change Posted: 12 Jul 2022 11:13 AM PDT The results singled out growing-degree days as the most important climatic factor and water holding capacity as the most influential soil property for crop-yield variability. |
| Posted: 12 Jul 2022 11:13 AM PDT Researchers have found a new, dynamic protein structure in cells. |
| Coinfection with influenza A could suppress replication in SARS-CoV-2, study shows Posted: 12 Jul 2022 11:13 AM PDT In coinfected patients, influenza A virus interferes with SARS-CoV-2 replication in the lung and can continue to do so even more than 1 week after clearance of influenza A, according to new research. |
| Spirituality linked with better health outcomes, patient care Posted: 12 Jul 2022 11:13 AM PDT The study is the most rigorous and comprehensive analysis to date of scientific literature on health and spirituality. Overlooking spirituality in health care leaves patients feeling disconnected from the health care system and from the clinicians caring for them. Asking about a patient's spirituality should be part of patient-centered, value-sensitive care, new research suggests. |
| Space rocket junk could have deadly consequences unless governments act Posted: 12 Jul 2022 11:13 AM PDT The re-entry of abandoned stages of rockets left in orbit from space launches have a six to 10 per cent chance of severely injuring or killing a human being in the next decade, according to a new study. Researchers say governments need to take collective action and mandate that rocket stages are guided safely back to Earth after their use, which could increase the cost of a launch, but potentially save lives. |
| 3D printing nickel single crystals using laser additive manufacturing technology Posted: 12 Jul 2022 11:12 AM PDT Engineers have succeeded in fabricating a nickel single crystal with only a very few crystalline defects by irradiating nickel powder with a large-radius, flat-top laser beam (i.e., a laser beam whose intensity is uniform across a cross-section of the beam). This technique may be used to fabricate a wide variety of single-crystalline materials, including heat-resistant materials for jet engines and gas turbines. |
| New human cell line developed to study blinding eye disorders Posted: 12 Jul 2022 11:12 AM PDT Scientists have developed a new, experimental human cell line from retinal pigment epithelial cells. Called ABC, these cells so closely resemble and retain the properties of native retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, the research team has shown that they are a reliable cell system to study retinal degenerative diseases. |
| Shift work increases the severity of strokes later in life Posted: 12 Jul 2022 11:12 AM PDT As most Americans wind down for bed, 15 million people are just clocking into work. These hospital workers, emergency responders, factory operators and others are among the 20 percent of the world's population who do shift work. Their different sleep-wake cycle elevates their risk for numerous health disorders, including diabetes, heart attacks, cancer and strokes. |
| Protein folding in times of oxygen deficiency Posted: 12 Jul 2022 11:12 AM PDT Protein molecules require a defined shape in order to function. When they are created, their building blocks are therefore linked together in a very specific way. Researchers are now taking a closer look at a key step in this process and are investigating the effects of transient oxygen starvation on protein folding in plants. |
| Posted: 12 Jul 2022 11:12 AM PDT New research reveals that two different white blood cell types influence cardiac arrhythmia, suggesting that treatments that influence these cells may help reduce patients' risk of sudden cardiac death. |
| Experience required: A role for vision in the development of inhibitory networks Posted: 12 Jul 2022 11:12 AM PDT New research demonstrates that inhibitory and excitatory neuronal circuits of the visual system develop through different processes, even if the organization of the mature circuit is similar. These findings highlight the importance of the continued study of the development of these two systems, the understanding of which is fundamental to comprehending neurodevelopmental disorders. |
| A proof of odd-parity superconductivity Posted: 12 Jul 2022 11:12 AM PDT Superconductivity is a fascinating state of matter in which an electrical current can flow without any resistance. Usually, it can exist in two forms. One is destroyed easily with a magnetic field and has 'even parity', i.e. it has a point symmetric wave function with respect to an inversion point, and one which is stable in magnetic fields applied in certain directions and has 'odd parity', i.e. it has an antisymmetric wave function. |
| Emotional patterns a factor in children's food choices Posted: 12 Jul 2022 11:12 AM PDT The emotional context in which eating occurs has been thought to influence eating patterns and diet, with studies finding negative emotions predict excessive calorie intake and poor diet quality. A research article discusses how children's unhealthy food choices, especially over weekends, are related to emotion. |
| US hospital adverse events drop significantly Posted: 12 Jul 2022 11:12 AM PDT There is great news to share about hospital patient safety nationally over the last decade with the largest medical record-based study ever finding a significant decrease in hospital adverse events. |
| Posted: 12 Jul 2022 11:12 AM PDT Purple sea urchins are munching their way through California's kelp forests at a speed and scale that have stunned scientists, fishermen and divers alike. But the kelp forests have long been home to red and purple urchins, so it's clear the three species can get along. Researchers sought to determine what factors disrupt this harmony. |
| Haiti's 1860 Jour de Pâques earthquakes may have released strain in key fault zone Posted: 12 Jul 2022 11:11 AM PDT Using details from historical newspaper accounts and letters, seismologists have learned more about Haiti's 1860 Jour de Pâques (Easter Sunday) earthquake sequence, and how it might have impacted the country's most recent devastating earthquakes. |
| NASA Reveals Webb Telescope's first images of unseen universe Posted: 12 Jul 2022 08:48 AM PDT NASA has revealed groundbreaking new views of the cosmos from the James Webb Space Telescope. The images include the deepest infrared view of our universe that has ever been taken. |
| Blinding eye disease is strongly associated with heart disease and stroke Posted: 12 Jul 2022 07:27 AM PDT Patients with a specific form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of blindness, are at significant risk for cardiovascular disease and stroke. |
| Scientists identify mechanism responsible for fruit and seed development in flowering plants Posted: 12 Jul 2022 07:27 AM PDT Scientists identified a gene responsible for triggering plants to develop fruits and seeds. This finding may help agriculturists bypass pollination altogether for food production, which will be beneficial in these times of rising global temperatures and dwindling pollinator populations. |
| Web archive with astronomical photographic plates goes online Posted: 12 Jul 2022 07:27 AM PDT Researchers have digitized historical photographic plates showing negatives of the night sky and published the images online. After a total of 10 years, the project has now been completed successfully. |
| How do cells react to micro- and nanoplastics? Posted: 12 Jul 2022 07:27 AM PDT The smaller plastic particles are, the more easily they can be taken up by cells. In addition, the shape, surface and chemical properties play an important role in answering the question of how the particles could affect human tissue, according to new research. |
| Undead planets: The unusual conditions of the first exoplanet detection Posted: 12 Jul 2022 07:27 AM PDT The first ever exoplanets were discovered 30 years ago around a rapidly rotating star, called a pulsar. Now, astronomers have revealed that these planets may be incredibly rare. |
| A machine learning model to predict immunotherapy response in cancer patients Posted: 12 Jul 2022 07:27 AM PDT Development of a precision medicine technology based on artificial intelligence that predicts immunotherapy response in cancer patients. |
| New research provides insight into Long COVID and ME Posted: 12 Jul 2022 07:27 AM PDT Researchers have uncovered how post-viral fatigue syndromes, including Long COVID, become life-changing diseases and why patients suffer frequent relapses. |
| Research team accelerates imaging techniques for capturing small molecules' structures Posted: 12 Jul 2022 07:27 AM PDT A new research effort is accelerating imaging techniques to visualize structures of small molecules clearly -- a process once thought impossible. Their discovery unleashes endless potential in improving everyday life applications -- from plastics to pharmaceuticals. |
| Study identifies kids with cancer at risk of lethal infections Posted: 12 Jul 2022 07:27 AM PDT Researchers have identified the child cancer patients at greatest risk of developing life-threatening infections, in a crucial step towards the development of an early diagnostic test. |
| p53 in liver cancer: The ultimate betrayal? Posted: 12 Jul 2022 07:27 AM PDT Researchers identified a novel mechanism by which expression of the tumor suppressor p53 paradoxically promotes liver cancer development in patients with chronic liver disease. By generating a mouse model with constant p53 expression in its liver cells, the team observed increased numbers of hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) and liver cancer incidence. These HPCs could induce cancer when injected into certain mice. This did not occur with p53 deleted, demonstrating its critical significance. |
| Intensive telephone-based cessation counseling results in improved smoking quit rates Posted: 12 Jul 2022 07:27 AM PDT Offering intensive, weekly telephone-based cessation counseling along with nicotine replacement for people who smoke and who were undergoing screening for lung cancer resulted in over a two-fold greater cigarette quit rate compared to people who received minimal counseling and nicotine replacement, according to results of a national, randomized trial. |
| Evolve... innovate... repeat: Scientists peel back the layers of virus-host evolution and innovation Posted: 12 Jul 2022 07:27 AM PDT Scientists have uncovered an intriguing new understanding of how viruses and the hosts they infect evolve new innovations to outcompete each other. Culminating a 10-year research effort, the researchers tracked the way fitness landscapes constantly change in the ongoing struggle for survival. |
| Study analyzes hepatitis E virus exposure in Iberian lynxes Posted: 12 Jul 2022 07:27 AM PDT Research results indicate that the level of virus exposure is higher among captive lynxes than those in the wild. |
| Researchers remeasure gravitational constant Posted: 12 Jul 2022 07:27 AM PDT Researchers have redetermined the gravitational constant G using a new measurement technique. Although there is still a large degree of uncertainty regarding this value, the new method offers great potential for testing one of the most fundamental laws of nature. |
| Investigational drug fosters nerve repair after injury Posted: 12 Jul 2022 07:26 AM PDT Scientists have shown that a brain-penetrating candidate drug currently in development as a cancer therapy can foster regeneration of damaged nerves after spinal trauma. The announcement comes weeks after the same research team showed a different investigational drug can reduce damage after spinal cord injury, by blocking the inflammatory response. |
| How stressed-out plants produce their own aspirin Posted: 12 Jul 2022 07:26 AM PDT Plants protect themselves from environmental hazards like insects, drought and heat by producing salicylic acid, also known as aspirin. A new understanding of this process may help plants survive increasing stress caused by climate change. |
| Cancer cells behave like Goldilocks -- Researchers have resolved the mystery of cancer cell steering Posted: 12 Jul 2022 07:26 AM PDT An international research group has investigated the mechanisms of cell migration and the impact of tissue rigidity on cell positioning and steering. The research sheds light on e.g. cancer cell migration and opens new possibilities for stopping and directing it. |
| Posted: 12 Jul 2022 07:26 AM PDT New research may provide a key to a scientific enigma: How does the awake brain transform sensory input into a conscious experience? The groundbreaking study relied on data collected from electrodes implanted, for medical purposes, deep in the human brain. The information was utilized to examine differences between the response of the cerebral cortex to sounds in sleep vs. wakefulness, at a resolution of single neurons. |
| Habitat shifts affect brain structure in Amazonian butterflies Posted: 12 Jul 2022 07:26 AM PDT Habitat differences help determine changes in the nervous system of tropical butterflies, scientists have found. |
| Economic inequality and instability impact long-term decision-making around the world, study finds Posted: 12 Jul 2022 07:26 AM PDT A large study involving more than 60 countries finds that individuals across income groups and locations often prefer immediate gains at the expense of future gains, a phenomenon known as temporal discounting. However, greater individual economic resources and living in a stable and more equal economy make the behavior less likely. |
| Rare deep-sea brine pools discovered in Red Sea Posted: 12 Jul 2022 07:26 AM PDT Researchers recently discovered rare deep-sea brine pools in the Gulf of Aqaba, a northern extension to the Red Sea. These salty underwater lakes hold secrets into the way oceans on Earth formed millions of years ago, and offer clues to life on other planets. |
| How breastfeeding offers immune benefits Posted: 12 Jul 2022 07:26 AM PDT When infants breastfeed, they receive an immune boost that helps them fight off infectious diseases, according to recent research. |
| How environmentally responsible is lithium brine mining? It depends on how old the water is Posted: 12 Jul 2022 07:26 AM PDT A groundbreaking new study comprehensively accounts for the hydrological impact of lithium mining. Since lithium is the key component of the lithium-ion batteries that are crucial for the transition away from fossil fuels and towards green energy, it is critical to fully understand how to responsibly obtain the precious element. |
| President Biden reveals first image from NASA's Webb Telescope Posted: 11 Jul 2022 04:47 PM PDT The first full-color image from NASA's James Webb Space Telescope reveals thousands of galaxies, including the faintest objects ever observed in the infrared. |
| Entombed together: Rare fossil flower and parasitic wasp make for amber artwork Posted: 11 Jul 2022 03:23 PM PDT Fossil research has revealed an exquisite merger of art and science: a long-stemmed flower of a newly described plant species encased in a 30-million-year-old tomb together with a parasitic wasp. |
| Researchers show effectiveness of migraine drug in weight loss Posted: 11 Jul 2022 01:32 PM PDT Triptans, a commonly prescribed class of migraine drugs, may also be useful in treating obesity, a new study suggests. In studies on obese mice, a daily dose of a triptan led animals to eat less food and lose weight over the course of a month, the team reported. |
| Could a computer diagnose Alzheimer's disease and dementia? Posted: 11 Jul 2022 01:32 PM PDT Researchers have developed a new tool that could automate the process of diagnosing Alzheimer's disease and eventually allow it to move online. |
| Flashing creates hard-to-get 2D boron nitride Posted: 11 Jul 2022 01:32 PM PDT Chemists use their flash Joule heating process to synthesize 2D flakes of boron nitride and boron carbon nitride, highly valued for lending thermal and chemical stability to compounds. |
| The four bases of anti-science beliefs -- and what to do about them Posted: 11 Jul 2022 01:31 PM PDT The same four factors that explain how people change their beliefs on a variety of issues can account for the recent rise in anti-science attitudes, a new review suggests. |
| The best offense is a great defense for some carnivorous plants Posted: 11 Jul 2022 01:31 PM PDT Insect-eating plants have fascinated biologists for more than a century, but how plants evolved the ability to capture and consume live prey has largely remained a mystery. Now,scientists have investigated the molecular basis of plant carnivory and found evidence that it evolved from mechanisms plants use to defend themselves. |
| Posted: 11 Jul 2022 01:31 PM PDT The amount of carbon stored by microscopic plankton will increase in the coming century, predict researchers. |
| Soft but tough: Biohybrid material performs like cartilage Posted: 11 Jul 2022 01:31 PM PDT Producing biomaterials that match the performance of cartilage and tendons has been an elusive goal for scientists, but a new material demonstrates a promising new approach to mimicking natural tissue. |
| X-rays help researchers piece together treasured cellular gateway Posted: 11 Jul 2022 01:31 PM PDT After almost two decades of synchrotron experiments, scientists have captured a clear picture of a cell's nuclear pores, which are the doors and windows through which critical material in your body flows in and out of the cell's nucleus. These findings could lead to new treatments of certain cancers, autoimmune diseases and heart conditions. |
| Proof Mendel discovered the laws of inheritance decades ahead of his time Posted: 11 Jul 2022 11:32 AM PDT Gregor Mendel, the Moravian monk, was indeed 'decades ahead of his time and truly deserves the title of 'founder of genetics.'' So concludes an international team of scientists as the 200th birthday of Mendel approaches on 20 July. |
| The ultimate fate of a star shredded by a black hole Posted: 11 Jul 2022 11:32 AM PDT In 2019, astronomers observed the nearest example to date of a star that was shredded, or 'spaghettified,' after approaching too close to a massive black hole. That tidal disruption of a sun-like star by a black hole 1 million times more massive than itself took place 215 million light years from Earth. Luckily, this was the first such event bright enough that astronomers could study the optical light from the stellar death, specifically the light's polarization, to learn more about what happened after the star was torn apart. |
| Posted: 11 Jul 2022 11:32 AM PDT A new study can help guide proper treatment course for patients depending on heart function and severity of heart damage. |
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