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ScienceDaily: Matter & Energy News |
| Helpful, engineered 'living' machines in the future? Posted: 20 Apr 2021 03:31 PM PDT Engineered, autonomous machines combined with artificial intelligence have long been a staple of science fiction, and often in the role of villain like the Cylons in the 'Battlestar Galactica' reboot, creatures composed of biological and engineered materials. But what if these autonomous soft machines were ... helpful? |
| Combining light, superconductors could boost AI capabilities Posted: 20 Apr 2021 10:10 AM PDT As artificial intelligence has attracted interest, researchers are focused on understanding how the brain accomplishes cognition so they can construct systems with general intelligence comparable to humans' intelligence. Researchers propose an approach to AI that focuses on integrating photonic components with superconducting electronics; using light for communication and complex electronic circuits for computation could enable artificial cognitive systems of scale and functionality beyond what can be achieved with either light or electronics alone. |
| Marine animals inspire new approaches to structural topology optimization Posted: 20 Apr 2021 10:10 AM PDT Researchers have uncovered a new approach to structural topology optimization is outlined that unifies both design and manufacturing to create novel microstructures. Potential applications range from improved facial implants for cranial reconstruction to better ways to get materials into space for planetary exploration. |
| Boosting fiber optics communications with advanced quantum-enhanced receiver Posted: 20 Apr 2021 10:10 AM PDT Fiber optic technology is the holy grail of high-speed, long-distance telecommunications. Still, with the continuing exponential growth of internet traffic, researchers are warning of a capacity crunch. Researchers show how quantum-enhanced receivers could play a critical role in addressing this challenge. The scientists developed a method to enhance receivers based on quantum physics properties to dramatically increase network performance while significantly reducing the error bit rate and energy consumption. |
| Reversal of blood droplet flight predicted, captured in experiments Posted: 20 Apr 2021 09:15 AM PDT To search for answers about how blood droplets from a gunshot wound can reverse direction while in flight, researchers explored the influence of propellant gases on blood backspatter. They report using numeric modeling to capture the behavior of gun muzzle gases and predict the reversal of blood droplet flight, which was captured experimentally. Their experiments also show the breakup of blood droplets, a future extension of their modeling efforts. |
| Forensics puzzle cracked via fluid mechanical principles Posted: 20 Apr 2021 09:15 AM PDT A real-life forensic puzzle inspired researchers to explore the physics involved, and in Physics of Fluids, they present theoretical results revealing an interaction of the incoming vortex ring of propellant muzzle gases with backward blood spatter. A detailed analytical theory of such turbulent self-similar vortex rings was given by this group in earlier work and is linked mathematically to the theory of quantum oscillators. |
| Stone skipping techniques can improve reentry of space vehicles Posted: 20 Apr 2021 09:15 AM PDT Scientists reveal several key factors that influence the number of bounces a skipping stone will undergo when hitting the water. The study involved theoretical modeling and an experimental setup using a model stone to gather data in real time and that allowed a motor to apply a controlled spin to the disk prior to launch. The investigators found that vertical acceleration and the spin direction influence the result. |
| AI agent helps identify material properties faster Posted: 20 Apr 2021 09:15 AM PDT Artificial intelligence (AI) can analyze large amounts of data, such as those generated when analyzing the properties of potential new materials, faster than humans. However, such systems often tend to make definitive decisions even in the face of uncertainty; they overestimate themselves. An international research team has stopped AI from doing this: the researchers have refined an algorithm so that it works together with humans and supports decision-making processes. As a result, promising new materials can be identified more quickly. |
| New catalyst for lower CO2 emissions Posted: 20 Apr 2021 09:15 AM PDT Perovskites have so far been used for solar cells, as anode materials or electronic components rather than for their catalytic properties. Now scientists have succeeded in producing a special perovskite that is excellently suited as a catalyst for converting CO2 into other useful substances, such as synthetic fuels. The new perovskite catalyst is very stable and also relatively cheap, so it would be suitable for industrial use. |
| 2D nanomaterial MXene: The perfect lubricant Posted: 20 Apr 2021 09:15 AM PDT In extreme heat or in the vacuum of space: a novel nanomaterial delivers top performance in extreme situations. |
| New infrastructure approach could save millions Posted: 20 Apr 2021 09:14 AM PDT As President Biden's $2 trillion American Jobs Plan places the nation's infrastructure in the spotlight, new research suggests states can save money and extend the life of their bridges by taking a fresh approach to how they prioritize maintenance. |
| Body mass index, age can affect your risk for neck pain Posted: 20 Apr 2021 09:14 AM PDT With roughly 80% of jobs being sedentary, often requiring several hours of sitting stooped in front of a computer screen, neck pain is a growing occupational hazard. Smartphones and other devices have also caused people to bend their necks for prolonged periods. But is bad posture solely to blame? |
| Cool and COVID-safe: How radiant cooling could keep our cities comfortable and healthy Posted: 20 Apr 2021 06:29 AM PDT A novel system of chilled panels that can replace air conditioning can also help reduce the risk of indoor disease transmission, new analysis suggests. |
| New pulsed magnet reveals a new state of matter in Kondo insulator Posted: 20 Apr 2021 06:29 AM PDT A recent series of experiments leveraged some of the nation's highest-powered nondestructive magnets to reveal an exotic new phase of matter at high magnetic fields. |
| Flushing a public toilet? Don't linger, because aerosolized droplets do Posted: 20 Apr 2021 06:28 AM PDT Because COVID-19 has been detected in urine and stool samples, public restrooms can be cause for concern. Researchers measured droplets generated from flushing a toilet and a urinal in a public restroom and found a substantial increase in the measured aerosol levels in the ambient environment with the total number of droplets generated in each flushing test ranging up to the tens of thousands. Due to their small size, these droplets can remain suspended for a long time. |
| Materials advances are key to development of quantum hardware Posted: 19 Apr 2021 10:57 AM PDT A new article argues that the ability to move forward on developing useful quantum computers requires new major advances in materials science, engineering and fabrication. The authors call for new approaches from broad areas of science and engineering. |
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