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ScienceDaily: Matter & Energy News |
| Posted: 27 Jan 2022 08:43 AM PST Engineers built a cost-effective artificial leaf that can capture carbon dioxide at rates 100 times better than current systems. Unlike other carbon capture systems, which work in labs with pure carbon dioxide from pressurized tanks, this artificial leaf captures carbon dioxide from the air or flue gas and is modular. |
| Posted: 27 Jan 2022 08:43 AM PST Elderly people who live near or downwind of unconventional oil and gas development (UOGD), such as fracking, are at greater risk of premature death than those who don't live near UOGD. Airborne contaminants emitted by UOGD that are transported downwind are likely contributing to increased mortality. |
| Where did that sound come from? Posted: 27 Jan 2022 08:43 AM PST Neuroscientists developed a computer model that can localize sounds. The model, which consists of several convolutional neural networks, not only performs the task as well as humans do, it also struggles in the same ways that humans do when the task is made more difficult by adding echoes or multiple sounds. |
| New experiment results bolster potential for self-sustaining fusion Posted: 27 Jan 2022 08:00 AM PST For more than 60 years, scientists have sought to understand and control the process of fusion, a quest to harness the vast amounts of energy released when nuclei in fuel come together. A new paper describes recent experiments that have achieved a burning plasma state in fusion, helping steer fusion research closer than it has ever been to its ultimate goal: a self-sustaining, controlled reaction. |
| In search of (un)desired side effects Posted: 27 Jan 2022 07:42 AM PST Pharmaceutical researchers speak of a hit when they come across a promising substance with a desired effect in early drug discovery. Unfortunately, hits are rarely bull's-eyes, often showing undesirable side effects that not only complicate the search for new hits, but also the subsequent development into a drug. A new study could now help to better identify one of the most frequently observed side effects already in early drug discovery, but also to find new bioactivities. |
| Eco-friendly micro-supercapacitors using fallen leaves? Posted: 27 Jan 2022 07:42 AM PST A research team has developed a graphene-inorganic-hybrid micro-supercapacitor made of leaves using femtosecond direct laser writing lithography. The advancement of wearable electronic devices is synonymous with innovations in flexible energy storage devices. Of the various energy storage devices, micro-supercapacitors have drawn a great deal of interest for their high electrical power density, long lifetimes, and short charging times. |
| Scientists make a new type of optical device using alumina Posted: 27 Jan 2022 07:39 AM PST Researchers have developed an alumina short-wavelength absorber patterned with moth eye-like structures. These new anti-reflective structures will improve the performance of telescopes studying radiation from the Big Bang. |
| Powerful machine-learning model shows diamond melting at high pressure Posted: 26 Jan 2022 11:42 AM PST A supercomputer simulation model that rapidly predicts the behavior of billions of interacting atoms has captured the melting of diamond when compressed by extreme pressures and temperatures. The work could aid understanding of the internal structure of carbon-based exoplanets and have important implications for nuclear fusion efforts that employ capsules made of polycrystalline diamond. |
| New structured thermal armor achieves liquid cooling above 1,000°C Posted: 26 Jan 2022 09:24 AM PST Scientists have recently designed a structured thermal armor (STA) that achieves efficient liquid cooling even over 1,000°C, fundamentally solving a 266-year-old challenge presented by the Leidenfrost effect. This breakthrough can be applied in aero and space engines, as well as improve the safety and reliability of next-generation nuclear reactors. |
| Previously unknown aspects of running shoe design uncovered Posted: 26 Jan 2022 09:22 AM PST A thick running shoe midsole is often favored for its shock absorbing protection, but it has been assumed that these heavily cushioned shoes increase leg stiffness and muscle fatigue. But results of a new study suggest that midsole thickness is unlikely to cause individuals to alter their leg stiffness. |
| Simulation models exercise, age effects on plaque formation in arteries Posted: 25 Jan 2022 08:26 AM PST Engineers use fluid dynamics simulations to study the effect of exercise at various ages on plaque formation in the arteries. The authors considered two arterial geometries, one with a bulging outer artery and the other without, and modeled the effect of exercise and age on blood flow. To model exercise, the authors digitized blood flow measurements from individuals in three age groups and used these flowrates as input to their computational model. |
| New way of gaining quantum control from loss Posted: 24 Jan 2022 08:50 AM PST Researchers have demonstrated a new way to control the quantum state through the loss of particles -- a process that is usually avoided in the quantum device, offering a new way towards the realization of unprecedented quantum states. |
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