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| Large study challenges the theory that light alcohol consumption benefits heart health Posted: 25 Mar 2022 09:27 AM PDT In an observational analysis of UK Biobank participants, light to moderate drinkers had the lowest heart disease risk, followed by people who abstained from drinking; however, light to moderate drinkers tended to have healthier lifestyles than abstainers, which likely accounted for their better heart health. Genetic evidence in this same population suggested that all levels of alcohol intake are associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Notably, the risk of cardiovascular disease linked to light alcohol consumption was modest but rose exponentially with higher intake, even at intake levels currently endorsed as 'low risk.' |
| Study finds neurons that encode the outcomes of actions Posted: 25 Mar 2022 09:27 AM PDT A group of neurons in the brain's striatum encodes information about the potential outcomes of different decisions. These cells become particularly active when a behavior leads a different outcome than what was expected, which the researchers believe helps the brain adapt to changing circumstances. |
| Posted: 25 Mar 2022 09:27 AM PDT Researchers have developed a novel super-hygroscopic material that enhances sweat evaporation within a personal protective suit, to create a cooling effect for better thermal comfort for users such as healthcare workers and other frontline officers. With this innovation, users will feel 40% cooler and their risk of getting heat stroke is lowered significantly. |
| Vagus nerve stimulation lowers costs of care for children with uncontrolled epilepsy Posted: 25 Mar 2022 09:26 AM PDT A new study has examined a population of pediatric patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. For these patients, the study found that the patients who received vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), when used with anti-seizure medications (ASM), had lower hospital costs compared to the use of ASM alone. The study found that the patients treated with ASM plus VNS had savings of over $3,000 of epilepsy-related annual costs per year, compared to treatment with ASM only. |
| Therapy can support medication treatment for opioid use disorder Posted: 24 Mar 2022 03:47 PM PDT Receiving psychosocial and behavioral therapy alongside medications for opioid use disorder leads to better treatment engagement and continuity, according to researchers. |
| Spinal fluid sampling used to track treatment response in pediatric glioma Posted: 24 Mar 2022 03:47 PM PDT Treatment for glioma has long relied on MRI imaging to track tumor markers and treatment response. But new findings suggest a new method could provide additional data about tumor markers before changes appear on an MRI, indicating possible strategies to help clinicians address this aggressive form of cancer. |
| Distant regions of the human brain are wired together by surprisingly few connections Posted: 24 Mar 2022 12:41 PM PDT Understanding how the brain functions, particularly how information is processed during different activities, is difficult without knowing how many axons are in the brain and how many connect different functional regions. A new study shows that despite the functional importance of connections between far-reaching regions of the brain, the actual number of these connections is low. |
| One in four women experience domestic violence before age 50, analysis finds Posted: 24 Mar 2022 11:38 AM PDT Over one in four women (or 27 per cent) experience intimate partner violence before the age of 50, according to a worldwide analysis. The largest of its kind, the analysis covers 366 studies involving more than 2 million women in 161 countries. |
| Can supermarkets coax people into buying healthier food? Posted: 24 Mar 2022 11:37 AM PDT Restricting supermarket placement of less healthy items and increasing the availability of healthier alternatives in these stores may be promising interventions to encourage healthier purchasing behaviors, according to two new studies. |
| Mechanism that underlies local dopamine release in the brain Posted: 24 Mar 2022 11:37 AM PDT When we initiate an action in our everyday lives—chasing after a runaway napkin or getting out of the car—the brain releases a chemical messenger called dopamine that helps regulate the brain area that controls this action. |
| Researchers develop new antibody test to diagnose MS Posted: 24 Mar 2022 09:26 AM PDT Researchers have validated a new antibody test to diagnose multiple sclerosis (MS), a potentially disabling disease of the brain and spinal cord. |
| Fans of ASMR videos are more sensitive to their surroundings, study finds Posted: 24 Mar 2022 09:25 AM PDT Fans of ASMR videos are more sensitive to their surroundings and feelings, a new study has revealed. ASMR, which stands for Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response, has swept the internet with millions watching viral clips of whispered voices, delicate hand movements or tapping. |
| Clock gene mutation found to contribute to the development of autism Posted: 24 Mar 2022 07:45 AM PDT Researchers found that the disruption of a circadian clock gene may be involved in the development of autism spectrum disorder. |
| Cases of cognitive decline in older people more than doubles in ten years Posted: 24 Mar 2022 07:44 AM PDT Cases of cognitive decline in older people, where a doctor has assessed someone following concerns about memory and noted their brain function has been affected, have more than doubled over the past ten years. |
| Limiting energy in neurons exacerbates epilepsy Posted: 24 Mar 2022 07:44 AM PDT Epilepsy, one of the most common neurological disorders, is characterized by the spontaneous repetition of seizures caused by the hyperactivity of a group of neurons in the brain. Could we therefore reduce neuronal hyperactivity, and treat epilepsy, by reducing the amount of energy supplied to neurons and necessary for their proper functioning? Researchers discovered that, in mice, the seizures were actually exacerbated. |
| Speaking from the heart: Could your voice reveal your heart health? Posted: 24 Mar 2022 07:44 AM PDT An artificial intelligence (AI)-based computer algorithm accurately predicted a person's likelihood of suffering heart problems related to clogged arteries based on voice recordings alone. |
| Exercise holds even more heart health benefits for people with stress-related conditions Posted: 24 Mar 2022 07:44 AM PDT Regular physical activity had nearly doubled the cardiovascular benefit in individuals with depression or anxiety, compared with individuals without these diagnoses, according to a new study. |
| People underestimate others' desire for constructive feedback Posted: 24 Mar 2022 07:44 AM PDT People consistently underestimate others' desire for constructive feedback and therefore don't provide it, even when it could improve another person's performance on a task. |
| Do older adults using statins have lower risk of developing Parkinsonism later? Posted: 23 Mar 2022 01:06 PM PDT Parkinsonism is a term for a group of neurological conditions that cause movement problems including tremors, slowed movement and stiffness, with Parkinson's disease being one of the better knowns causes. A new study suggests that older people taking statin drugs have a lower chance of developing parkinsonism later compared to people who were not taking statins. |
| Posted: 23 Mar 2022 12:17 PM PDT Researchers found that niacin limits Alzheimer's disease progression when used in models in the lab, a discovery that could potentially pave the way toward therapeutic approaches to the disease. |
| New potentially painkilling compound found in deep-water cone snails Posted: 23 Mar 2022 12:16 PM PDT In a new study, researchers report that a group of cone snails produces a venom compound similar to the protein somatostatin. While they continue to learn more about this venom compound and its possible pharmaceutical applications, the results show the wide variety of drug leads that venomous animals produce, which they've designed and refined over millions of years. |
| Empathy softens teachers' biases, reduces racial gap in student suspensions Posted: 23 Mar 2022 12:16 PM PDT Interventions that seek to evoke empathy in teachers can sideline biases and narrow the racial gap in suspensions of middle school students, according to the results of a large-scale study to combat race-based inequity in school discipline. |
| Neuroscientists identify mechanism for long term memory storage Posted: 23 Mar 2022 12:16 PM PDT While studying how memories are formed and stored in the brain, a team identified a novel protein folding mechanism that is essential for long term memory storage. The researchers further demonstrated that this mechanism is impaired in a tau-based mouse model of Alzheimer's disease and that restoring this protein folding mechanism reverses memory impairment in this mouse model for the study of dementia. |
| Staying alive: Scientists eye up gene required for the survival of an important retinal neuron Posted: 23 Mar 2022 10:03 AM PDT Researchers have identified a gene necessary for the survival of retinal ganglion cells -- a class of neurons located in the retina that are critical for vision. |
| How the gut communicates with the brain Posted: 23 Mar 2022 10:03 AM PDT New research has discovered how the enteric nervous system -- or 'second brain' -- can communicate with both the brain and spinal cord, which up until now had remained a major mystery. The study found specialized cells within the gut wall release serotonin when stimulated by food, which then acts on the nerves to communicate with the brain. The authors say as there is a direct connection between serotonin levels in our body and depression and how we feel, understanding how the gut communicates with the brain is of major importance. |
| Wide-ranging problems in children born before 24 weeks gestation Posted: 23 Mar 2022 07:12 AM PDT In a study of children born after a pregnancy of less than 24 weeks, nearly all (96 percent) proved to have any of the diagnoses studied. According to the study neuropsychiatric and somatic diagnoses are prevalent as these extremely preterm infants grow into adulthood. |
| Lipid and glucose levels at age 35 associated with Alzheimer's disease Posted: 23 Mar 2022 07:12 AM PDT Living your best life at 35, ignoring cholesterol and glucose levels, may impact your chances of getting Alzheimer's disease (AD) later in life. According to new research, lower HDL (high-density cholesterol) and high triglyceride levels measured in blood as early as age 35 are associated with a higher incidence of AD several decades later in life. Researchers also found that high blood glucose measured between ages 51-60 is associated with risk of AD in the future. |
| Concert hall acoustics for non-invasive ultrasound brain treatments Posted: 23 Mar 2022 07:12 AM PDT Engineers have developed a device that is a first step to enabling noninvasive, ultrasound-based therapies for the brain. For example, ultrasound waves are currently being used in clinical trials to treat epilepsy. |
| Maternal socialization, not biology, shapes child brain activity Posted: 23 Mar 2022 07:12 AM PDT Children of mothers with clinical depression are at three times greater risk to develop depression themselves than are their low-risk peers. Researchers are working to understand the neural underpinnings of the risk, and some studies have shown altered brain processing of reward in at-risk children as young as 6. An outstanding question remains as to whether children with a maternal history of depression have a biological predisposition to blunted neural reward responding or whether it depends more on social factors. Now, new work finds those dampened responses depended on maternal feedback, suggesting the latter. |
| Men and women process pain signals differently Posted: 22 Mar 2022 07:18 PM PDT A new study shows that neurons in the spinal cord process pain signals differently in women compared to men. The finding could lead to better and more personalized treatments for chronic pain, which are desperately needed, especially in light of the opioid epidemic. |
| Arts activities may improve self-control and reduce antisocial behavior among teenagers Posted: 22 Mar 2022 07:18 PM PDT Teenagers who take part in arts and cultural activities, such as dance, drama, reading and going to concerts, are less likely to engage in antisocial and criminalized behavior up to two years later, according to a new study. Researchers looked at data from more than 25,000 teenagers in the United States who had filled out questionnaires over several years. |
| Biodegradable implant could help doctors monitor brain chemistry Posted: 22 Mar 2022 02:05 PM PDT A wireless, biodegradable sensor could offer doctors a way to monitor changes in brain chemistry without requiring a second operation to remove the implant, according to an international team of researchers. |
| Posted: 22 Mar 2022 11:57 AM PDT Children and adolescents (aged 0-18 years) with disabilities experience physical, sexual, and emotional violence, and neglect at considerably higher rates than those without disability, despite advances in awareness and policy in recent years. This is according to a systematic review of research involving more than 16 million young people from 25 countries conducted between 1990 and 2020. The study provides the most comprehensive picture of the violence experienced by children with disabilities around the world. |
| Emotion, stress cues in social media posts might be early warnings in epilepsy deaths Posted: 22 Mar 2022 09:28 AM PDT A new study from an international team of researchers demonstrates that social media could be used to detect behaviors preceding sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), the leading cause of death in people with uncontrolled epileptic seizures. |
| Working shifts may delay the onset of menopause Posted: 22 Mar 2022 08:12 AM PDT It's no secret that working nontraditional shifts can wreak havoc on lifestyle and sleep habits. Shift work has also been known to have a negative effect on workers' health. A new study suggests it also may delay the onset of natural menopause, possibly because of disruptions in circadian rhythms. |
| Immunotherapy delays disease progression of high-grade meningiomas Posted: 21 Mar 2022 08:58 AM PDT Meningiomas are the most common primary tumors of the central nervous system. They are treated with surgery and radiation, but drug therapy is usually not effective against these tumors of the brain and spinal cord membranes. The immune checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab (Keytruda) showed efficacy against high-grade meningiomas in a clinical trial. |
| Chef’s kiss: Research shows healthy home cooking equals a healthy mind Posted: 21 Mar 2022 06:19 AM PDT New research has found being confident in the kitchen is not only good for your taste buds: it's also good for your mental health. |
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