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ScienceDaily: Mind & Brain News |
| Can artificial intelligence reveal why languages change over time? Posted: 07 Apr 2022 01:19 PM PDT American Sign Language (ASL) signs that are challenging to perceive -- those that are rare or have uncommon handshapes -- are made closer to the signer's face, where people often look during sign perception. By contrast, common ones, and those with more routine handshapes, are made further away from the face, in the perceiver's peripheral vision. The findings suggest that ASL has evolved to be easier for people to recognize signs. |
| Human gene variant produces attention deficit disorder-like problems in mice Posted: 07 Apr 2022 01:19 PM PDT Mutant mice are providing scientists with a new neurobiological framework to understand the brain changes observed in distractible humans who carry a common gene variant whose frequency has been associated with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The scientists demonstrate that mice that express the variant adopt an inattentive phenotype similar to that seen in humans. |
| After 'mama,' children’s first words include 'this' and 'that' Posted: 07 Apr 2022 11:55 AM PDT Across languages and cultures, words that help direct caregivers' attention are likely to be among the first children learn and use frequently, according to a new study of early vocabulary development in an Indigenous language. |
| Cell biology: How mitochondria report stress Posted: 07 Apr 2022 11:19 AM PDT Researchers have discovered the mechanism by which the protein DELE1 detects organelle stress. This offers a possible new approach for treating neurodegenerative diseases. |
| Researchers discover new neurodevelopmental disorder Posted: 07 Apr 2022 09:16 AM PDT Researchers have discovered a new neurodevelopmental disorder after uncovering its link to a tumor suppressor gene. |
| Study finds persistent racial and ethnic disparities in sleep duration Posted: 07 Apr 2022 09:16 AM PDT Using data collected by the National Health Interview Survey from 2004 to 2018, researchers found that the proportion of people who reported sleeping fewer than seven hours per day increased significantly over the 15-year period, and it was significantly higher among Black people. |
| Virtual cooking class improves children's nutrition knowledge Posted: 07 Apr 2022 07:10 AM PDT Amid parental concerns regarding poor nutrition and lack of cooking skills among youth in Flint, Michigan, a team of local dietitians, chefs, and researchers created Flint Families Cook during the COVID-19 pandemic, a program for families with children ages 8-18 years old, delivered virtually to children and families in their homes. |
| Brainstem atrophy is linked to extrapyramidal symptoms in frontotemporal dementia Posted: 07 Apr 2022 07:10 AM PDT Frontotemporal dementia patients with extrapyramidal symptoms have brainstem atrophy and reduced metabolism in certain areas of the brain significantly more often than patients without extrapyramidal symptoms, a new study shows. This observation can facilitate differential diagnostics in frontotemporal dementia. |
| Sitting Tai Chi exercises improved recovery outcomes for older stroke survivors Posted: 07 Apr 2022 07:10 AM PDT A study found that after three months of practicing a modified form of Tai Chi in which participants are seated, stroke survivors had improved hand and arm function, sitting balance, mental health and quality of life, compared to stroke survivors who participated in a standard stroke rehabilitation exercise program. The study is the first randomized controlled trial to indicate practicing a seated form of Tai Chi early after a stroke enhanced health outcomes. |
| Some types of epilepsy may be associated with worse quality of life Posted: 06 Apr 2022 01:06 PM PDT A new study suggests that people with epilepsy associated with head injuries, especially the type not well controlled by medication, are more likely to have other health conditions like depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), back pain and headache that may result in them reporting a lower quality of life. Other conditions included chronic conditions like high blood pressure, sleep disorders, and behavioral health conditions such as anxiety. |
| Study reports potential target and compounds to slow the development of Alzheimer's disease Posted: 06 Apr 2022 01:06 PM PDT Researchers have discovered a potential biomarker for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis that may also serve as a therapeutic target. Examining cerebrospinal fluid samples from patients with cognitive impairment ranging from subjective impairment to a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, they found a shift in the profile of specialized liquid mediators from pro-resolving to pro-inflammatory. |
| Selfies may drive plastic surgery by distorting facial features Posted: 06 Apr 2022 01:06 PM PDT Cellphone 'selfies' distort facial features, an effect that may be driving an uptick in requests for plastic surgery, researchers show in a new study. The findings highlight an unexpected consequence of social media and the need for plastic surgeons to discuss this phenomenon with their patients. |
| How to reduce loneliness: Meaningful activities can improve health, well-being Posted: 06 Apr 2022 10:24 AM PDT A new study demonstrated that engaging in meaningful, challenging activities during free time can reduce people's loneliness and increase their positive feelings. |
| Scientists pinpoint what makes brain cells develop in a specific order Posted: 06 Apr 2022 10:24 AM PDT Researchers have identified the complete series of 10 factors that regulate the development of brain cell types in the visual system of fruit flies -- including in what order these neurons develop. The findings open new avenues of research to understand how brain development evolved in different animals and hold clues for regenerative medicine. |
| Brain charts map the rapid growth and slow decline of the human brain over our lifetime Posted: 06 Apr 2022 10:24 AM PDT An international team of researchers has created a series of brain charts spanning our entire lifespan -- from a 15 week old fetus to 100 year old adult -- that show how our brains expand rapidly in early life and slowly shrink as we age. The charts are the result of a research project spanning six continents and bringing together possibly the largest ever MRI datasets ever aggregated -- almost 125,000 brain scans from over a 100 different studies. Although not currently intended for clinical use, the team hopes the charts will become a routine clinical tool similar to how standardised paediatric growth charts are used. |
| The road to popularity can be paved with unpleasantness Posted: 06 Apr 2022 07:18 AM PDT A longitudinal study tested the novel hypothesis that aggressive and disruptive children engage in frequent conflicts with classmates to strengthen their position in the group and enhance their popularity. Results revealed that higher initial levels of peer-reported aggression and disruptiveness were associated with increases in peer-reported popularity over the course of a semester, particularly for children who reported frequent disagreements with peers. |
| Injectable microtissue preserves muscle function in rats with severed sciatic nerves Posted: 06 Apr 2022 07:18 AM PDT Researchers engineered the first injectable microtissue containing motor and sensory neurons encased in protective tissue, called tissue engineered neuromuscular interfaces (TE-NMIs). The TE-NMI neurons provide a source of axons to muscles in rats who suffered nerve injuries, and 'babysit' the muscles to prevent degeneration and loss of function, while the damaged nerve regrows. |
| Posted: 06 Apr 2022 07:17 AM PDT A new study has shown that a specialized primary care medical home improved the care and treatment of patients with serious mental illness, resulting in better mental health-related quality of life. |
| How multiple genes impact vision development and result in rare sight disorder Posted: 06 Apr 2022 07:17 AM PDT An international team of health researchers have described how genetic defects influence the spectrum of vision development and cause problems in developing babies' eyes. |
| Giving increased during the pandemic in areas hit hardest by COVID-19 Posted: 04 Apr 2022 03:55 PM PDT Charitable giving increased in counties that experienced COVID-19-related deaths, a new study reveals. |
| The hidden cost of firearm injuries Posted: 04 Apr 2022 03:55 PM PDT Survivors of gun violence and their families face increased risk of mental health disorders, higher health care spending, according to new research. |
| Pandemic drives use of telehealth for mental health care Posted: 04 Apr 2022 01:45 PM PDT The COVID-19 pandemic likely permanently increased the delivery of mental health counseling through telehealth, according to new research. |
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