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ScienceDaily: Mind & Brain News |
| Opioid use disorder: Medication that lowers risk of overdose underused Posted: 10 May 2022 09:24 AM PDT Researchers found that less than half of Americans who received treatment for opioid use disorder over a five-year period were offered a potentially lifesaving medication. The numbers were even lower for those with what's known as polysubstance use disorder -- when opioid users also misuse other substances. |
| Psychopathic individuals are more likely to have larger striatum region in the brain Posted: 10 May 2022 07:29 AM PDT Neuroscientists have established the existence of a biological difference between psychopaths and non-psychopaths. |
| Rare discovery: How a gene mutation causes higher intelligence Posted: 10 May 2022 07:29 AM PDT When genes mutate, this can lead to severe diseases of the human nervous system. Researchers have now used fruit flies to demonstrate how, apart from the negative effect, the mutation of a neuronal gene can have a positive effect -- namely higher IQ in humans. |
| Complex human childbirth and cognitive abilities a result of walking upright Posted: 10 May 2022 07:29 AM PDT Childbirth in humans is much more complex and painful than in great apes. It was long believed that this was a result of humans' larger brains and the narrow dimensions of the mother's pelvis. Researchers have now used 3D simulations to show that childbirth was also a highly complex process in early hominins that gave birth to relatively small-brained newborns -- with important implications for their cognitive development. |
| Novel tool targeting unusual RNA structures for potential therapeutic applications Posted: 10 May 2022 07:29 AM PDT Ribonucleic acids (RNAs), which decode the genetic code stored in DNA and produce proteins, fold into diverse structures to govern fundamental biological processes in all life forms, including humans. Targeting disease-associated RNA structures with drug-like small molecules has been one of the gold standards for developing RNA-targeting drugs in the scientific field. Recently, a research team has developed a new type of RNA structure targeting tool to specifically recognize unusual four-strand RNA structures, which are associated with diseases such as cancer and neurological disorders. |
| Joubert Syndrome: Intellectual disability and defects in the hippocampus Posted: 10 May 2022 07:28 AM PDT An important link has been found between the intellectual disability experienced by children with the rare disease Joubert Syndrome (JS) and defects in the hippocampus. The hippocampus is the part of the brain associated with learning and memory. It also plays a role in various neurological and psychiatric disorders. Joubert Syndrome is a rare childhood disease that leads to poor muscle coordination, developmental delay, abnormal eye movements and neonatal breathing abnormalities. It is estimated that between 1 in 80,000 and 1 in 100,000 newborns are affected by the condition. |
| Stress may be associated with fertility issues in women Posted: 10 May 2022 07:28 AM PDT Female rats exposed to a scream sound may have diminished ovarian reserve and reduced fertility, according to a small animal study. |
| Poor eyesight unfairly mistaken for brain decline Posted: 09 May 2022 05:49 PM PDT Millions of older people with poor vision are at risk of being misdiagnosed with mild brain decline due to cognitive tests that rely on vision-dependent tasks. |
| Exposure to wildfires increases risk of cancer Posted: 09 May 2022 04:15 PM PDT A new study finds higher incidence of lung cancer and brain tumors in people exposed to wildfires. The study, which tracks over two million Canadians over a period of 20 years, is the first to examine how proximity to forest fires may influence cancer risk. |
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