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| Posted: 10 Sep 2021 09:16 AM PDT Insulin is a key hormone in energy metabolism and blood sugar regulation. Normal insulin function in the body may be disturbed by e.g. overweight, leading to decreased insulin sensitivity and increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Researchers have noticed that standing is associated with better insulin sensitivity. Increasing the daily standing time may therefore help prevent chronic diseases. |
| Posted: 10 Sep 2021 09:12 AM PDT Electrolytic hydrogen production powered by renewable energy is seen as an environmentally friendly means to ameliorate global climate and energy problems. A research team has now introduced a novel and inexpensive material for electrodes that may provide for highly efficient, energy-saving hydrogen production: porous, phosphorized CoNi2S4 yolk-shell nanospheres. |
| Roadwork ahead: Using deep neural networks to estimate the impacts of work zones Posted: 09 Sep 2021 01:22 PM PDT Roadside construction -- be it a detour, a closed lane, or a slow weave past workers and equipment -- work zones impact traffic flow and travel times on a system-wide level. The ability to predict exactly what those impacts will be, and plan for them, would be a major help to both transportation agencies and road users. |
| Impaired T cell function precedes loss of natural HIV control Posted: 09 Sep 2021 01:22 PM PDT A small subset of people, known as controllers, are able to suppress HIV naturally, without the need for medication. A small percentage of controllers ultimately lose the ability to suppress the virus. Researchers have found that aborted control is likely due to HIV-specific T cells losing the ability to replicate and kill infected cells, which can happen years before. |
| Team sequences shea tree genome to support breeding and conservation efforts Posted: 09 Sep 2021 01:22 PM PDT The shea tree is best know as a source for a multimillion-dollar ingredient used in cosmetics, personal care products, pharmaceuticals and chocolate. But for hundreds of thousands of African families living in the 'shea belt' it is also a crucial source of nutrition and income. Despite its increasing demand, the slow-growing shea tree is being threatened by other cash crops and its preservation most likely lies in its genetic improvement. To enable such work, an international team of researchers has sequenced the shea tree's genome, providing a valuable resource for the strategic development of the species. |
| Posted: 09 Sep 2021 11:13 AM PDT A recent study revealed that endovascular repair of complex aortic aneurysms using fenestrated and branched endografts provides a safe and effective alternative to open surgical repair, with the lowest ever reported mortality rate in this patient population, according to researchers. |
| Free radicals linked to heart damage caused by cancer Posted: 09 Sep 2021 11:13 AM PDT A new study in animal models shows that the presence of a cancer tumor alone can lead to cardiac damage, and suggests the culprits are molecules called free radicals interacting with specific cells in the heart. Adding specific types of antioxidants to food consumed by fruit flies with tumors reversed the damage to their hearts -- a finding suggesting that harm caused by free radicals was the likely link between cancer and cardiac dysfunction. |
| Extreme heat exchanger created using metal 3D printing Posted: 09 Sep 2021 11:13 AM PDT Demonstrating next-generation energy technology, researchers are using topology optimization and metal 3D printing to design ultra-compact, high-power heat exchangers. |
| Mothers’ diabetes may induce premature aging of neural tissue leading to birth defects Posted: 09 Sep 2021 11:13 AM PDT About 300,000 to 400,000 fetuses per year from mothers with diabetes develop neural tube defects -- when the tissue that eventually forms the brain and spinal cord fails to form properly -- which can lead to miscarriage or profound disability. Now using studies in mice, researchers have identified the mechanism behind these structural birth defects, which they say is due to the neural tissue aging prematurely, halting its growth before it has made enough cells to finish forming the neural tube. |
| Posted: 09 Sep 2021 11:12 AM PDT Researchers are developing a smart dental implant that resists bacterial growth and generates its own electricity through chewing and brushing to power a tissue-rejuvenating light. The innovation could extend the usable life of an implant. |
| Platelets key to blood vessel damage in COVID-19 patients Posted: 08 Sep 2021 03:05 PM PDT Abnormal crosstalk between blood platelets and cells lining blood vessels is one cause of deadly organ damage in patients with severe COVID-19, a new study finds. |
| Forest edges in the tropics increase carbon emissions Posted: 08 Sep 2021 03:05 PM PDT Tropical rain forests are becoming fragmented at a higher rate than expected. By analyzing high-resolution satellite data, researchers were able to measure even the smallest piece of tropical forest and study the changes in tropical fragmentation. In a new paper, they discuss how this previously unnoticed and underestimated increase in fragmentation to almost one third of the forest area has consequences for the global carbon cycle. |
| Diet may affect risk and severity of COVID-19 Posted: 08 Sep 2021 03:05 PM PDT A healthy plant-based diet was linked to a lower risk of getting COVID-19, and among people with COVID-19, a lower risk of experiencing severe symptoms. |
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