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| Physical distance may not be enough to prevent viral aerosol exposure indoors Posted: 14 Sep 2021 03:48 PM PDT Eighteen months ago, stickers began to dot the floors of most shops, spaced about six feet apart, indicating the physical distance required to avoid the COVID-19 virus an infected person may shed when breathing or speaking. But is the distance enough to help avoid infectious aerosols? |
| New DNA-based chip can be programmed to solve complex math problems Posted: 14 Sep 2021 03:48 PM PDT A novel chip automates the reaction cascades occurring between molecules inside DNA to carry out complex mathematical calculations. |
| COVID-19 antibodies persist, reduce reinfection risk for up to six months, study finds Posted: 14 Sep 2021 03:48 PM PDT Most patients with mild COVID-19 infections produce antibodies that persist and protect them from reinfection for up to six months, a new study found. The antibodies' ability to neutralize COVID-19 did not differ significantly from the first visit, which occurred three months after infection, to the second visit at the six-month mark. |
| A possible new pathway for treating epileptic seizures in patients with autism Posted: 14 Sep 2021 03:47 PM PDT Researchers have discovered that in Nav1.2 deficient neurons, the expressions of many potassium channels are surprisingly reduced. The Nav1.2 deficiency itself doesn't cause seizures; the issue arises when the potassium channels over-compensate for the sodium channels' deficiency by shutting down too many potassium channels, making the neuron hyperexcitable, which causes seizures. |
| Researchers discover hormonal regulatory module for root elongation Posted: 14 Sep 2021 12:25 PM PDT Plants respond to mild nitrogen deficiency by elongating their lateral roots. In this way, more nitrogen can be absorbed than before. Researchers have now discovered a hormonal regulatory module that mediates the molecular processes of this adaptation. Brassinosteroids and auxins play a central role in this. |
| Prehistoric humans rarely mated with their cousins Posted: 14 Sep 2021 09:49 AM PDT At present-day, more than ten percent of all global marriages occur among first or second cousins. While cousin-marriages are common practice in some societies, unions between close relatives are discouraged in others. In a new study, researchers investigated how common close parental relatedness was in our ancestors. |
| Cholesterol drives Alzheimer’s plaque formation Posted: 14 Sep 2021 07:01 AM PDT The new findings offer important insights into how and why the plaques form and may explain why genes associated with cholesterol have been linked to increased risk for Alzheimer's. |
| Long-term benefit of SABR for operable early-stage NSCLC shown in new study Posted: 14 Sep 2021 07:00 AM PDT A new study showed that stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) was as effective as surgery at providing long-term benefits to patients with operable early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and generated minimal side effects. The study is the first of its kind to compare long-term results of SABR against surgical treatment in patients with operable early-stage NSCLC. |
| New ocean temperature data help scientists make their hot predictions Posted: 14 Sep 2021 07:00 AM PDT So many climate models, so little time ... A new way of measuring ocean temperatures helps scientists sort the likely from unlikely scenarios of global warming. |
| Study links severe COVID-19 to increase in self-attacking antibodies Posted: 14 Sep 2021 05:26 AM PDT Hospitalized COVID-19 patients are substantially more likely to harbor autoantibodies --antibodies directed at their own tissues or at substances their immune cells secrete into the blood -- than people without COVID-19, according to a new study. |
| Researchers develop new tool for analyzing large superconducting circuits Posted: 13 Sep 2021 10:58 AM PDT New research tools are needed to fully develop quantum computers and advance the field. Now researchers have developed and tested a theoretical tool for analyzing large superconducting circuits. These circuits use superconducting quantum bits, the smallest units of a quantum computer, to store information. Circuit size is important since protection from detrimental noise tends to come at the cost of increased circuit complexity. Currently there are few tools that tackle the modeling of large circuits. |
| Researchers find evidence of possible link between herpes simplex and neurogenerative diseases Posted: 13 Sep 2021 10:57 AM PDT In a 'first of its kind' study, researchers found a potential direct connection between neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), glaucoma, and the herpesvirus. |
| Observation of quasi-equilibrium phase coexistence in supercritical fluids Posted: 13 Sep 2021 10:57 AM PDT A research team lays down the foundation for the expansion of supercritical fluid applications research. |
| One water bucket to find them all: Detecting fish, mammals, and birds from a single sample Posted: 13 Sep 2021 10:57 AM PDT In times of exacerbating biodiversity loss, reliable data on species occurrence are essential. Environmental DNA (eDNA) - DNA released from organisms into the water - is increasingly used to detect fishes in biodiversity monitoring campaigns. However, eDNA turns out to be capable of providing much more than fish occurrence data, including information on other vertebrates. A study demonstrates how comprehensively vertebrate diversity can be assessed at no additional costs. |
| Posted: 13 Sep 2021 10:56 AM PDT A new study has introduced a new surgical procedure to treat both children and adults with congenital intestinal malrotation, an inherited disorder that can cause the intestines to twist. The study also defines the disease presentation in both children and adults, identifies the patients at risk of intestinal loss, and assesses the long-term outcomes after different surgical interventions. |
| How genetic islands form among marine molluscs Posted: 13 Sep 2021 10:56 AM PDT Usually, the individuals of a population of marine species that have the potential to disperse over long distances all share a similar genetic composition. Yet every now and then, at small, localized sites, small groups of genetically different individuals suddenly appear within populations for a short period of time. A new study explains how this chaotic formation of genetic islands can occur in marine molluscs. |
| Scientists explore the creation of artificial organelles Posted: 13 Sep 2021 10:56 AM PDT Scientists explore the creation of artificial organelles. Artificial organelles generated from Exosome fusion can function as energy reserves in the damaged tissues. |
| Study provides basis to evaluate food subsectors' emissions of three greenhouse gases Posted: 13 Sep 2021 10:56 AM PDT A new, location-specific agricultural greenhouse gas emission study is the first to account for net carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide emissions from all subsectors related to food production and consumption. The work could help identify the primary plant- and animal-based food sectors contributing to three major greenhouse gas emissions and allow policymakers to take action to reduce emissions from the top-emitting food commodities at different locations across the globe. |
| Compound hazards pose increased risk to highly populated regions in the Himalayas Posted: 13 Sep 2021 10:48 AM PDT Urbanization trends in the Himalaya are exposing more people to risk from compound hazards such as flooding, landslides and wildfires, a new study has found. |
| Hysterectomy can be avoided for common gynecological condition Posted: 11 Sep 2021 09:25 AM PDT Adenomyosis -- an abnormal tissue growth into the muscular wall of the uterus that causes painful cramps and heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding -- is more common than generally appreciated, a review of the literature by gynecologists revealed. |
| Study explores link between earthquakes, rainfall and food insecurity in Nepal Posted: 10 Sep 2021 02:27 PM PDT The effects of monsoon rainfall on food insecurity in Nepal vary by earthquake exposure, with regions that experienced both heavy earthquake shaking and abundant rainfall more likely to have an inadequate supply of nutritious food, according to new research. |
| Posted: 10 Sep 2021 02:27 PM PDT A decades-long study of introduced voles on the Norwegian islands of Svalbard is helping to answer a longstanding puzzle of Arctic ecology -- what drives the well-established population cycles of small Arctic mammals, such as voles and lemmings. These plant-eating rodents are among the most populous Arctic mammals. The results suggest the importance of predators as a primary factor driving the cycles, and shows that bottom-up, herbivore-plant interactions fail to generate their usual population cycles. |
| Posted: 10 Sep 2021 02:27 PM PDT A new study into cognitive control promises to be the first of many aimed at understanding its origins in the brain and its variations between people and among groups. |
| Memory killer T cells are primed in the spleen during influenza infection Posted: 10 Sep 2021 02:27 PM PDT CD8+ T cells -- known as "killer" T cells -- are the assassins of the immune system. Once they are primed, they seek out and destroy other cells that are infected with virus or cells that are cancerous. Priming involves dendritic cells -- sentinels of the immune system. In an influenza infection in the lungs, for example, lung-migratory dendritic cells capture a piece of the viral antigen, and then migrate out of the lung to the place where naïve T cells reside, to present that antigen to the CD8+ T cells. This primes the T cells to know which cells to attack. The place for the priming in influenza had long been thought to be restricted to a single anatomical site -- the lung-draining, mediastinal lymph nodes that lie between the lungs and the spine. This lymph node-centric paradigm now has been challenged. |
| A universal system for decoding any type of data sent across a network Posted: 10 Sep 2021 09:17 AM PDT A new silicon chip can decode any error-correcting code through the use of a novel algorithm known as Guessing Random Additive Noise Decoding (GRAND). |
| Emissions from computing and ICT could be worse than previously thought Posted: 10 Sep 2021 09:17 AM PDT Researchers claim that previous calculations of ICT's share of global greenhouse emissions, estimated at 1.8-2.8%, likely fall short of the sector's real climate impact as they only show a partial picture. The researchers point out that some of these prior estimates do not account for the full life-cycle and supply chain of ICT products and infrastructure -- such as: the energy expended in manufacturing the products and equipment; the carbon cost associated with all of their components and the operational carbon footprint of the companies behind them; the energy consumed when using the equipment; and also their disposal after they have fulfilled their purpose. |
| AI can make better clinical decisions than humans: Study Posted: 10 Sep 2021 09:17 AM PDT Researchers find that machine-learning algorithms can identify effective behavioral, educational, and psychological interventions more accurately than professionals can. |
| Researchers show a little radiation goes a long way in heating up cold tumors Posted: 10 Sep 2021 09:17 AM PDT A new conducted in both mice and a small group of patients with advanced cancers has shown that so-called 'cold' tumors that are nearly devoid of immune cells -- and therefore unresponsive to immunotherapy -- can be turned 'hot' with extremely low doses of radiation and the rational use of existing therapies. |
| When wolves are at the door – what communities need to get on with new neighbors Posted: 10 Sep 2021 09:16 AM PDT Large carnivore populations are expanding across Europe and experts are calling for increased support for communities to encourage harmonious relationships with their new neighbors. |
| Hormonal hazard: Chemicals used in paints and plastics can promote breast tumor growth Posted: 10 Sep 2021 09:16 AM PDT The increasing use of photoinitiators, especially in medical settings, has raised concerns about their adverse effects on human health. Now, scientists have shown that three photoinitiators -- 1-HCHPK, MBB, and MTMP -- show estrogen-like activity in mice and increase the growth of breast cancer tumors in these animals. Their results warn against the use of such chemicals in medical instruments like containers and call for the prompt development of safer alternatives. |
| The vampire that doesn’t suck blood: New parasite-host relationships in Amazonian candirus Posted: 10 Sep 2021 09:16 AM PDT Scientists report a vampire fish attached to the body of an Amazonian thorny catfish. Very unusually, the candirus were attached close to the lateral bone plates, rather than the gills, where they are normally found. Since the hosts were not badly harmed, and the candirus apparently derived no food benefit, scientists believe this association is commensalistic rather than parasitic. |
| Time to shine: Scientists reveal at an atomic scale how chlorine stabilizes next-gen solar cells Posted: 10 Sep 2021 09:16 AM PDT Researchers have imaged the atoms at the surface of the light-absorbing layer in a new type of next-generation solar cells, made from a crystal material called metal-halide perovskite. Their findings have solved a long-standing mystery in the field of solar power technology, showing how power-boosting and stability-enhancing chlorine is incorporated into the perovskite material. |
| Signs of dementia are written in the blood, reveals new study Posted: 10 Sep 2021 09:16 AM PDT Scientists have identified metabolic compounds within the blood that are associated with dementia. The study revealed that the levels of 33 metabolites differed in patients with dementia, compared to elderly people with no existing health conditions. Their findings could one day aid diagnosis and treatment of dementia. |
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