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| Future snowmelt could have costly consequences on infrastructure Posted: 07 Dec 2021 02:45 PM PST Researchers took a closer look at previous studies with snowmelt predictions, and because geographical areas respond differently to climate change, they found future snowmelt incidences could vary greatly by the late 21st century. Snowmelt could decrease over the continental U.S. and southern Canada but increase in Alaska and northern Canada resulting in larger flooding vulnerabilities and possibly causing major societal and economic consequences including costly infrastructure failures. |
| Plants struggle to keep pace with climate change in human-dominated landscapes Posted: 07 Dec 2021 12:26 PM PST Researchers found that changes in plant phenology are lagging behind rising temperatures across a majority of the Northern Hemisphere, particularly in the most human-dominated landscapes, like crop lands. |
| Anthrax arms race helped Europeans evolve against disease Posted: 07 Dec 2021 12:26 PM PST New research has revealed how humans evolved greater resistance against anthrax multiple times during history: when they developed a diet of more ruminants, and when agricultural practices took hold. |
| Melting glaciers may produce thousands of kilometers of new Pacific salmon habitat Posted: 07 Dec 2021 12:26 PM PST Retreating glaciers in the Pacific mountains of western North America could produce around 6,150 kilometers of new Pacific salmon habitat by the year 2100, according to a new study. |
| Changes in the blood, not the heart, may underlie cardiac thrombosis in COVID-19 patients Posted: 07 Dec 2021 12:25 PM PST Treatment targeting immune-regulating neutrophil activation may reduce pathological thrombosis in COVID-19 patients, researchers report. |
| A daily dose of yogurt could be the go-to food to manage high blood pressure Posted: 07 Dec 2021 12:25 PM PST Whether it's a dollop on your morning cereal or a simple snack on the go, a daily dose of yogurt could be the next go-to food for people with high blood pressure, according to new research. |
| Avoiding blackouts with clean, renewable energy Posted: 07 Dec 2021 12:25 PM PST Study analyzes grid stability under a scenario in which wind, water and solar energy sources plus storage power 100% of U.S. energy needs for all purposes. It finds that blackouts can be avoided with short-duration batteries while lowering energy costs, creating jobs, improving people's health, and reducing land requirements. |
| Gas bubbles in rock pores – a nursery for life on Early Earth Posted: 07 Dec 2021 12:25 PM PST Researchers create compelling scenario for the evolution of membraneless microdroplets as the origin of life. |
| Researchers say it’s time to clean up the US Clean Water Act Posted: 07 Dec 2021 12:25 PM PST While the Clean Water Act successfully regulated many obvious causes of pollution, such as the dumping of wastewater, it's done less to limit more diffuse types of pollution, such as 'nonpoint source pollution' that includes agricultural runoff from fields and urban stormwater from buildings, paved surfaces and yards -- says a new study. |
| Denisovans or Homo sapiens: Who were the first to settle (permanently) on the Tibetan Plateau? Posted: 07 Dec 2021 12:25 PM PST A new paper by archaeologists at the University of California, Davis, highlights that our extinct cousins, the Denisovans, reached the "roof of the world" about 160,000 years ago -- 120,000 years earlier than previous estimates for our species -- and even contributed to our adaptation to high altitude. |
| Unprecedented three-dimensional X-ray microscope methodology to image plants at cellular resolution Posted: 07 Dec 2021 07:20 AM PST Measuring plant phenotypes, a term used to describe the observable characteristics of an organism, is a critical aspect of studying and improving economically important crops. Phenotypes central to the breeding process include traits like kernel number in corn, seed size in wheat, or fruit color in grape. These features are visible to the naked human eye but are in fact driven by microscopic molecular and cellular processes in the plant. Using three-dimensional (3D) imaging is a recent innovation in the plant biology sector to capture phenotypes on the 'whole-plant' scale: from miniscule cells and organelles in the roots, up to the leaves and flowers. However, current 3D imaging processes are limited by time-consuming sample preparation and by imaging depth, usually reaching only a few layers of cells within a plant tissue. |
| Parents can influence children's choice and success in STEM major Posted: 07 Dec 2021 06:38 AM PST If one of your parents majored in a STEM (science, technology, engineering or math) field, there's a better chance you'll also major and persist in a STEM field, according to a new study. |
| Stem cell study paves way for manufacturing cultured meat Posted: 07 Dec 2021 06:24 AM PST Scientists have for the first time obtained stem cells from livestock that grow under chemically defined conditions, paving the way for manufacturing cell cultured meat and breeding enhanced livestock. |
| Engineers discover what makes a tree-killing fungus so hard to put down Posted: 07 Dec 2021 06:24 AM PST Armillaria ostoyae is a gnarly parasitic fungus with long black tentacles that spread out and attack vegetation. Not much was known about what makes fungus so hard to kill -- until now. A team of researchers has been studying the defense mechanism of the tree fungus to better understand what makes it so hearty. |
| Researchers develop an antibody-drug delivery system Posted: 07 Dec 2021 06:24 AM PST Researchers have developed the first metal-organic framework (MOFs) antibody-drug delivery system that has the potential to fast-track potent new therapies for cancer, cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases. |
| Primates vs cobras: How our last common ancestor built venom resistance Posted: 07 Dec 2021 06:24 AM PST The last common ancestor of chimps, gorillas and humans developed an increased resistance toward cobra venom, according to new research. |
| Self-administered cognition test predicts early signs of dementia sooner Posted: 06 Dec 2021 07:01 PM PST Many people experience forgetfulness as they age, but it's often difficult to tell if these memory issues are a normal part of aging or a sign of something more serious. A new study finds that a simple, self-administered test can identify the early, subtle signs of dementia sooner than the most commonly used office-based standard cognitive test. |
| Posted: 06 Dec 2021 07:01 PM PST As many as a half of all drinkers underestimated how drunk they were, judging themselves still safe to drive despite having exceeded the legal driving limit. |
| Neurotoxin from a black widow spider examined Posted: 06 Dec 2021 07:00 PM PST Although many people lose their nerve and panic when they see a spider, only very few of the creatures are actually dangerous. The black widow, however, is a force to be reckoned with: it catches its prey by means of nerve poison -- to be precise, latrotoxins (LaTXs). Researchers have now investigated the substance -- also with a view to medical applications. |
| Link between long-term exposure to air pollution and fatty liver disease shown Posted: 06 Dec 2021 07:00 PM PST Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a growing global health challenge and poses a substantial economic burden. A large-scale epidemiologic study has identified links between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and MAFLD. These links are exacerbated by unhealthy lifestyles and the presence of central obesity, report scientists. |
| Stress makes life’s clock tick faster: Chilling out slows it down Posted: 06 Dec 2021 07:00 PM PST Scientists in recent years have developed ways to measure biological age by tracking chemical changes in DNA that occur naturally as people age but occur at different times in different people. These so-called 'epigenetic clocks' have proved to be better predictors of lifespan and health than chronological age. In a new study, Yale researchers used one such clock, appropriately named "GrimAge," to ask two questions: How much does chronic stress accelerate that biological clock? And are there ways to slow it down and extend a healthy lifespan? |
| Sodium-based material yields stable alternative to lithium-ion batteries Posted: 06 Dec 2021 07:00 PM PST Scientists have developed a new sodium metal anode for rechargeable batteries that resists the formation of dendrites, a common problem with standard sodium metal anodes that can lead to shorting and fires. |
| Researcher pushes limit of when water will freeze Posted: 06 Dec 2021 07:00 PM PST An engineer is changing what we know about when water freezes as he pushes the limit and gets the best look yet at tiny drops of water as they freeze. |
| Battery 'dream technology' a step closer to reality with new discovery Posted: 06 Dec 2021 07:00 PM PST A sodium-sulfur battery solves one of the biggest hurdles that has held back the technology as a commercially viable alternative to the ubiquitous lithium-ion batteries that power everything from smartphones to electric vehicles. |
| Terrain, weather can predict wild pig movements Posted: 06 Dec 2021 07:00 PM PST Managing the United States' growing wild pig population has become a significant challenge over the past few decades, but new research may help landowners and government agencies fine-tune their strategies for limiting crop and property damage caused by the animals. |
| Oops! You did it again; new test predicts if impulsivity is pathological Posted: 06 Dec 2021 07:00 PM PST If you can't stop saying or doing things that you later regret, here's a diagnostic test for you: Researchers have pioneered a way to better determine when acting on one's worst impulses verges on pathological. Turns out, acting more recklessly when your emotions run high can be correlated with how fast you react to stimulating visuals, especially disturbing ones. |
| Wildfire smoke poses neurological hazards Posted: 06 Dec 2021 07:00 PM PST Wildfire smoke contains microparticles that cross the blood-brain barrier, triggering neurotoxic effects. |
| CRISPRing the microbiome is just around the corner Posted: 06 Dec 2021 07:00 PM PST CRISPR is widely used to target specific cell types, but only one at a time. Researchers have now developed methods to edit genes in multiple organisms within a diverse community of microbes simultaneously, a first step toward editing microbiomes such as those in the gut or on plants. One method assesses which microbes are editable; a second adds genes with a barcode that allows scientists to insert, track and assess insertion efficiency and specificity. |
| Microfluidics show promise as safer, simpler treatment option for severe neonatal jaundice Posted: 06 Dec 2021 07:00 PM PST New research has led to a promising potential therapy for neonatal jaundice that's more safe, simple and convenient than the blood transfusions currently given to babies suffering from the most dangerous forms of the condition. |
| Iron integral to the development of life on Earth – and the possibility of life on other planets Posted: 06 Dec 2021 06:59 PM PST Iron is an essential nutrient that almost all life requires to grow and thrive. Iron's importance goes all the way back to the formation of the planet Earth, where the amount of iron in the Earth's rocky mantle was 'set' by the conditions under which the planet formed and went on to have major ramifications for how life developed. Now, scientists have uncovered the likely mechanisms by which iron influenced the development of complex life forms, which can also be used to understand how likely (or unlikely) advanced life forms might be on other planets. |
| Scientists find first in human evidence of how memories form Posted: 06 Dec 2021 06:59 PM PST In a discovery that could one day benefit people suffering from traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, and schizophrenia, researchers have identified the characteristics of more than 100 memory-sensitive neurons that play a central role in how memories are recalled in the brain. |
| Chemoimmunotherapy dramatically improved survival of high-risk neuroblastoma patients Posted: 06 Dec 2021 06:59 PM PST A recent phase II clinical trial results suggest that the monoclonal antibody hu14.18K322A could help change treatment of children with high-risk neuroblastoma. |
| No accounting: How two scientists are balancing the planet’s natural carbon budget Posted: 06 Dec 2021 06:59 PM PST A pair of researchers have taken a process-based modeling approach to understand how much CO2 rivers and streams contribute to the atmosphere. The team focused on the East River watershed in Colorado's Rocky Mountains, and found that their new approach is far more accurate than traditional approaches, which overestimated CO2 emissions by up to a factor of 12. |
| Burrowing critters increase risk of levee failure Posted: 06 Dec 2021 08:31 AM PST When burrowing animals dig into earthen levees to make their homes, they can weaken the infrastructure to the point of collapse and localized flooding -- but most flood risk models don't take that into account. Researchers have developed a new method to estimate the risk of levee failure and flooding from burrowing animals like badgers and porcupines. |
| Factors that prevent mangroves from spreading in South America Posted: 06 Dec 2021 08:31 AM PST Due to their pronounced carbon storage capacity, mangroves are an important player in climate change. But they sometimes just don't extend beyond certain latitudes, even when the sites seem suitable. Researchers have now cracked this question for the eastern coast of South America. They could show that seasonal atmospheric and oceanographic factors determine mangrove expansion and this independently of other factors such as soil, and landscape form. |
| Evidence emerges for dark-matter free galaxies Posted: 06 Dec 2021 08:31 AM PST Astronomers have found no trace of dark matter in the galaxy AGC 114905, despite taking detailed measurements over a course of forty hours with state-of-the-art telescopes. |
| Powerful new tool makes coral reef monitoring faster, easier, cheaper Posted: 06 Dec 2021 08:31 AM PST As coral reefs face increasing threats around the world, a team of researchers has developed a genetic analysis tool that can determine many different types of coral on a reef with just a sample of seawater. |
| Important role of prokaryotic viruses in sewage treatment uncovered Posted: 06 Dec 2021 08:31 AM PST Prokaryotic viruses (phages) existing in activated sludge (AS), a biological treatment process widely used in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), act to regulate the composition of microbial community in the activated sludge. Phages are major bacterial predators, through virus-host interactions with key bacterial populations in AS systems, they can influence the removal efficiency of pollutants. Phages of high specificity could be used to curb undesired bacteria, e.g., the undesired foaming-associated filamentous bacteria that could disrupt the removal efficiency of AS system. |
| Protein variant identified that renders chemotherapy ineffective in gastric cancer Posted: 06 Dec 2021 08:30 AM PST A new protein variant underlies the ability of gastric cancers to resist an otherwise effective family of chemotherapy drugs, according to a study by a multidisciplinary team. The results suggest a treatment strategy that could improve the prognoses of many patients with cancer. |
| Researchers identify sildenafil as candidate drug for Alzheimer’s disease Posted: 06 Dec 2021 08:30 AM PST A new study has identified sildenafil -- an FDA-approved therapy for erectile dysfunction (Viagra) and pulmonary hypertension (Ravatio) -- as a promising drug candidate to help prevent and treat Alzheimer's disease. Researchers determined that sildenafil is associated with 69% reduced incidence of Alzheimer's. |
| Posted: 06 Dec 2021 08:29 AM PST Researchers compile a dataset of over 200,000 plant species worldwide to demonstrate the extent to which species extinctions and non-native invasive plants reorganize plant communities in the Anthropocene revealing biotic homogenization results from human activity whether intentional or unintentional. |
| Common Arctic finches are all the same species Posted: 06 Dec 2021 06:17 AM PST New research could ruffle some feathers in the birding world. It finds that Redpolls, a bird found in the Arctic that will sometimes come to the Southern latitudes during the winter and can be hard to differentiate, aren't actually multiple species, genetically speaking. Instead, the three recognized species are all just one with a 'supergene' that controls differences in plumage color and morphology, making them look different. |
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