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| Stronger materials could bloom with new images of plastic flow Posted: 25 Feb 2022 01:33 PM PST Scientists have captured high-resolution images of a tiny aluminum single-crystal sample as it transitioned from elastic to plastic state. |
| Ultrasounds for endangered abalone mollusks Posted: 25 Feb 2022 11:21 AM PST The world's abalone are threatened, endangered or otherwise vulnerable in nearly every corner of the planet. If only we could wave a magic wand to know when abalone are ready to reproduce, without even touching them. Scientists have now found that wand -- although it isn't magic, and it only looks like a wand. It's an ultrasound transducer, and it can be used to quickly and noninvasively detect when abalone are ready to spawn, they report in a study this week. |
| New model may improve San Francisco Bay Area, U.S., seismic hazard maps Posted: 25 Feb 2022 11:21 AM PST Using the Santa Cruz Mountains as a natural laboratory, researchers have built a 3D tectonic model that clarifies the link between earthquakes and mountain building along the San Andreas fault for the first time. The findings may be used to improve seismic hazard maps of the Bay Area. |
| Human choices in a simulated pandemic: New study tests interventions to foster safer behavior Posted: 25 Feb 2022 11:20 AM PST A new study has shown that it is possible to test the effectiveness of interventions designed to foster safer behavior in order to slow the spread of a virus. |
| ADHD linked to hoarding behavior Posted: 25 Feb 2022 10:56 AM PST New research has found that people with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are significantly more likely to also exhibit hoarding behaviors, which can have a serious impact on their quality of life. |
| A new, inexpensive catalyst speeds the production of oxygen from water Posted: 25 Feb 2022 10:56 AM PST Researchers have developed a new type of catalyst material, called a metal hydroxide-organic framework (MHOF), which is made of inexpensive and abundant components. The catalyst speeds up the electrochemical reaction that splits apart water molecules to produce oxygen, which is at the heart of multiple approaches aiming to produce alternative fuels for transportation. |
| Decades-old structural mystery surrounding the birth of energy-storing lipid droplets solved Posted: 25 Feb 2022 10:56 AM PST In humans, virtually every cell stores fat. However, patients with a rare condition called congenital lipodystrophy, which is often diagnosed in childhood, cannot properly store fat, which accumulates in the body's organs and increases the risk of early death from heart or liver disease. In 2001, a transmembrane protein called seipin was identified as a molecule essential for proper fat storage, although its mechanism has remained unknown. |
| Researcher urges caution on AI in mammography Posted: 25 Feb 2022 10:56 AM PST Analyzing breast-cancer tumors with artificial intelligence has the potential to improve healthcare efficiency and outcomes, but doctors should proceed cautiously, according to a new editorial. |
| Number of wildfires to rise by 50 percent by 2100 and governments are not prepared, UN experts warn Posted: 25 Feb 2022 09:35 AM PST Climate change and land-use change are projected to make wildfires more frequent and intense, with a global increase of extreme fires of up to 14 percent by 2030, 30 percent by the end of 2050 and 50 percent by the end of the century, warns a new UN report. It calls for radical change in government spending on wildfires, shifting from reaction and response to prevention and preparedness. |
| New imager microchip helps devices bring hidden objects to light Posted: 25 Feb 2022 09:35 AM PST Researchers have developed an innovative terahertz imager microchip that can enable devices to detect and create images through obstacles that include fog, smoke, dust and snow. |
| Using artificial intelligence to find anomalies hiding in massive datasets Posted: 25 Feb 2022 09:35 AM PST Researchers have developed a computationally efficient method that could be used to identify anomalies in the U.S. power grid in real time. The novel technique augments a special type of machine-learning model with a powerful graph structure, and does not require any labeled data to train. |
| Is migraine tied to complications in pregnancy? Posted: 25 Feb 2022 09:34 AM PST Women with migraine may have a higher risk of pregnancy complications like preterm delivery, gestational high blood pressure and preeclampsia, according to a preliminary study. Researchers also found that women with migraine with aura may have a somewhat higher risk of preeclampsia than women with migraine without aura. Auras are sensations that come before the headache, often visual disturbances such as flashing lights. Preeclampsia involves high blood pressure with additional symptoms, such as protein in the urine, during pregnancy, which can threaten the life of the mother and baby. |
| Study shows young, healthy adults died from COVID-19 due to ECMO shortage Posted: 25 Feb 2022 09:34 AM PST Nearly 90 percent of COVID-19 patients who qualified for, but did not receive, ECMO (extracorporeal membrane oxygenation) due to a shortage of resources during the height of the pandemic died in the hospital, despite being young with few other health issues, according to a new study. |
| A security technique to fool would-be cyber attackers Posted: 25 Feb 2022 09:31 AM PST Researchers developed a technique that effectively protects computer programs' secret information from memory-timing side channel attacks, while enabling faster computation than other security schemes. |
| Caregivers find remote monitoring during COVID-19 pandemic an unexpected patient safety benefit Posted: 25 Feb 2022 09:18 AM PST Experts say remote pulse oximetry and heart rate monitoring improve patient safety, lower mortality, increase accuracy. |
| Advancing our view at the subcellular level Posted: 25 Feb 2022 08:39 AM PST Researchers have developed a new pH probe and imaging technique to provide researchers more information when studying diseases like cancer and Alzheimer's. |
| New state-of-the-art technology collects a unique time series from methane seeps in the Arctic Posted: 25 Feb 2022 08:39 AM PST The K-Lander observatory -- where state-of-the-art technology meets science. A new study presents a unique time series collected by the K-Lander from two distinct methane seepage sites offshore western Svalbard, in the Arctic. This publication links cutting-edge technology with developments in our understanding of the environment and climate, highlighting and constraining uncertainties in current methane estimates from the seepage of methane from the seafloor. |
| Scientist links epigenetic biomarkers to gastrointestinal issues for kids with autism Posted: 25 Feb 2022 08:39 AM PST Researchers have identified specific RNA biomarkers linked with gastrointestinal issues in children with autism. The findings could help one day lead to individualized treatments aimed at easing the pain of these individuals. |
| Scientists identify key regulator of malaria parasite transmission Posted: 25 Feb 2022 07:02 AM PST Malaria symptoms occur once the parasite's asexual stages begin replicating inside red blood cells. However, these asexual forms must transform into male and female stages called gametocytes in order to infect the mosquitoes that spread the disease. Investigators now report they have identified a protein called HDP1 that plays a critical role in activating genes required for the development of these male and female stages. The finding provides important new insights into how the parasite controls this conversion into gametocytes. |
| Higher levels of biodiversity appear to reduce extinction risk in birds Posted: 25 Feb 2022 07:02 AM PST A new study has found that higher levels of biodiversity -- the enormous variety of life on Earth and the species, traits and evolutionary history they represent -- appear to reduce extinction risk in birds. |
| The largest population of a rare, protected orchid found in a military base in Corsica Posted: 25 Feb 2022 07:02 AM PST The neglected Serapias, a rare orchid, has been found in a Corsican military base in very large numbers: more than 155,000 individuals! No comparable population is known anywhere in the world. A total of 552 plant species were discovered in an area of just 550 hectares, including 19 protected in France. This rich biodiversity confers a patrimonial responsibility on this military base. |
| Deep neural network to find hidden turbulent motion on the sun Posted: 25 Feb 2022 07:02 AM PST Scientists developed a neural network deep learning technique to extract hidden turbulent motion information from observations of the Sun. Tests on three different sets of simulation data showed that it is possible to infer the horizontal motion from data for the temperature and vertical motion. This technique will benefit solar astronomy and other fields such as plasma physics, fusion science, and fluid dynamics. |
| Posted: 25 Feb 2022 07:02 AM PST A new study explores large-scale relationships between vegetation and climatic characteristics using machine learning. The findings highlight the importance of climatic extremes in shaping the distribution of several major vegetation types. |
| Immune cells forget (cell) culture shock Posted: 25 Feb 2022 07:02 AM PST A recent study shows that certain immune cells can restore their normal functions when introduced back into the body, even after being multiplied in the laboratory to large numbers -- the results pave the way to new cell therapies. |
| Death spiral: A black hole spins on its side Posted: 25 Feb 2022 07:02 AM PST Researchers found that the axis of rotation of a black hole in a binary system is tilted more than 40 degrees relative to the axis of stellar orbit. The finding challenges current theoretical models of black hole formation. |
| Swiss rivers on track to overheat by the end of the century Posted: 25 Feb 2022 07:02 AM PST According to a new study, if we take immediate measures to reduce CO2 emissions, we could limit the rise in the temperature of Swiss rivers to 1°C between now and 2090 without drastically affecting their discharge. |
| Faster, more efficient living cell separation achieved with new microfluidic chip Posted: 25 Feb 2022 05:59 AM PST A research team created a new way to sort living cells suspended in fluid using an all-in-one operation in a lab-on-chip that required only 30 minutes for the entire separation process. This device eliminated the need for labor-intensive sample pre-treatment and chemical tagging techniques while preserving the original structure of the cells. They constructed a prototype of a microfluidic chip that uses electric fields to gently coax cells in one direction or another in dielectrophoresis, a phenomenon or movement of neutral particles when they are subjected to an external non-uniform electric field. |
| Posted: 25 Feb 2022 05:59 AM PST New research has found significant differences between the two types of vitamin D, with vitamin D2 having a questionable impact on human health. However, the study found that vitamin D3 could balance people's immune systems and help strengthen defences against viral infections such as Covid-19. |
| African 'hotspot' for highly infectious diseases Posted: 25 Feb 2022 05:59 AM PST A regional corner of Africa is a hotspot for cases of HIV, tuberculosis and malaria, prompting researchers to call for targeted health support rather than a national response. |
| The protective armor of superbug C.difficile revealed Posted: 25 Feb 2022 05:58 AM PST The close-knit, flexible outer layer - like chain mail - which protects superbug C.difficile has been unveiled. |
| Repurposing FDA-approved drugs may help combat COVID-19 Posted: 25 Feb 2022 05:58 AM PST Several FDA-approved drugs -- including for type 2 diabetes, hepatitis C and HIV -- significantly reduce the ability of the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 to replicate in human cells, according to new research. Specifically, the team found that these drugs inhibit certain viral enzymes, called proteases, that are essential for SARS-CoV-2 replication in infected human cells. |
| New simulations refine axion mass, refocusing dark matter search Posted: 25 Feb 2022 05:58 AM PST Axions are today's most popular candidate for dark matter, and numerous experiments are trying to detect them in microwave cavities where the axion should rarely convert into an electromagnetic wave. But a new simulation of the production of axions in the early universe provides a more refined mass estimate, and higher frequency for the EM wave, that is outside the range of these experiments. The new mass comes from adaptive mesh refinement in supercomputer simulations. |
| What brain-eating amoebae can tell us about the diversity of life on earth and evolutionary history Posted: 25 Feb 2022 05:58 AM PST Researchers recently announced that an amoeba called Naegleria has evolved more distinct sets of tubulins, used for specific cellular processes, than previously thought. Their insight has a host of implications, which range from developing treatments for brain-eating infections to better understanding how life on earth evolved such enormous diversity. |
| Live wire: New research on nanoelectronics Posted: 24 Feb 2022 03:03 PM PST Researchers show that certain proteins can act as efficient electrical conductors. In fact, these tiny protein wires may have better conductance properties than similar nanowires composed of DNA, which have already met with considerable success for a host of human applications. |
| NASA's Roman Mission could snap first image of a Jupiter-like world Posted: 24 Feb 2022 03:03 PM PST NASA's Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope, now under construction, will test new technologies for space-based planet hunting. The mission aims to photograph worlds and dusty disks around nearby stars with detail up to a thousand times better than possible with other observatories. |
| When muscles inexorably shrink Posted: 24 Feb 2022 03:03 PM PST The effect of iron supplementation on skeletal muscle atrophy in cancer patients and sufferers from other wasting diseases has been investigated by scientists who studied causes of these conditions in humans and mouse models. The findings shed light on wasting mechanisms in advanced stage cancer patients, for whom prevalence of devastating skeletal muscle atrophy known generally as cachexia reaches 80 percent. |
| A potential antiviral for SARS and SARS-like coronaviruses Posted: 24 Feb 2022 03:03 PM PST In a new paper, researchers lay out the similarities in biochemical function among PLpros (papain-like proteases) from SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1, and those of other SARS-like viruses already circulating among bats and other species. |
| How much energy does a dolphin use to swim? Posted: 24 Feb 2022 03:03 PM PST From foraging for prey to evading predators and ship strikes, a dolphin's survival depends on speedy swimming, but burning all that energy can delete the metabolic reserves vital for growth, health and reproduction. A new study provides scientists with a new metric for estimating how much energy wild dolphins expend on swimming -- information that is essential for answering fundamental questions about their physiology and ecology, and for understanding the impacts of human disturbances on them. |
| Posted: 24 Feb 2022 12:51 PM PST A new study shows that blood sugar levels of COVID-19 patients newly diagnosed with diabetes during hospital admission often returned to normal following discharge, and that only eight percent used insulin after one year. |
| Posted: 24 Feb 2022 11:08 AM PST Making nanoscale patterns in 'scintillator' materials that convert X-rays into light could allow a tenfold signal enhancement for medical or industrial imaging, researchers report. This method might lead to improvements in medical X-rays or CT scans, to reduce dose exposure and improve image quality. |
| Cell biology: The gatekeeper of the protein factory Posted: 24 Feb 2022 11:08 AM PST Researchers solve the more than 25-year-old puzzle of how proteins are sorted in the cell. A protein complex known as NAC (nascent polypeptide-associated complex) serves as a 'gatekeeper' in protein synthesis, regulating the transport of proteins within the cell. The molecular mechanism behind this function has now been elucidated by cell and molecular biologists. |
| Chemical synthesis yields potential antibiotic Posted: 24 Feb 2022 11:08 AM PST Chemists developed a new way to synthesize himastatin, a natural compound that has shown potential as an antibiotic. A new strategy for producing a natural compound could also be used to generate variants with even stronger antimicrobial activity. |
| Stem cell signaling: Molecular morse code in stem cells encrypting differentiation information Posted: 24 Feb 2022 11:08 AM PST Divide, differentiate or die? Making decisions at the right time and place is what defines a cell's behavior and is particularly critical for stem cells of an developing organisms. Decision making relies on how information is processed by networks of signaling proteins. Scientists have now revealed that ERK, a key player in stem cell signaling, processes information through fast activity pulses. The duration of the pulsing interval, might encode information essential for divergent fate decision in stem cell cultures. |
| Direct 'uphill' isomerization of numerous olefin classes Posted: 24 Feb 2022 11:06 AM PST Researchers have used excited-state electron transfer events to 'pump' olefin molecules up and then have them fall back down through a series of favorable steps to ultimately transform into a less stable isomeric form. This essentially allows internal olefins, or alkenes, to migrate along the carbon chain to the terminal position -- a kind of musical chairs that shunts the double bond to a position of less overall stability. |
| Antibacterial bioactive glass doubles down on microbial resistance to antibiotics Posted: 24 Feb 2022 09:52 AM PST Infections linked to medical devices such as catheters, dental implants, orthopaedics and wound dressings could be dramatically reduced using a simple technique, according to new research. |
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