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| Older wildfire smoke plumes can affect climate Posted: 23 Mar 2022 01:06 PM PDT Aerosols carried in wildfire smoke plumes that are hundreds of hours old can still affect climate, according to a new study. |
| Study examines disparities in air pollution affecting American Indian communities Posted: 23 Mar 2022 01:06 PM PDT New research highlights disparities in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) trends between American Indian (AI) and non-AI populated U.S. counties. PM2.5 is one of several air pollutants regulated by the U.S. EPA. Downward trends in PM2.5 concentrations were steeper among the non-AI populated compared to AI-populated counties. With most U.S. air pollution research conducted in urban settings, this is the first study to detail the extent of particulate air pollution levels and its potential health consequences among rural AI communities. |
| Do older adults using statins have lower risk of developing Parkinsonism later? Posted: 23 Mar 2022 01:06 PM PDT Parkinsonism is a term for a group of neurological conditions that cause movement problems including tremors, slowed movement and stiffness, with Parkinson's disease being one of the better knowns causes. A new study suggests that older people taking statin drugs have a lower chance of developing parkinsonism later compared to people who were not taking statins. |
| Posted: 23 Mar 2022 12:17 PM PDT Researchers found that niacin limits Alzheimer's disease progression when used in models in the lab, a discovery that could potentially pave the way toward therapeutic approaches to the disease. |
| Posted: 23 Mar 2022 12:17 PM PDT In-vitro fertilization (IVF) clinics that offer money-back guarantees (MBGs) for their services achieve a higher live-birth success rate with less aggressive treatments than clinics that do not provide money-back guarantees. |
| Novel therapeutic strategy shows promise against pancreatic cancer Posted: 23 Mar 2022 12:16 PM PDT Pancreatic cancer is notoriously difficult to cure or even treat. Now, a new strategy has succeeded in making pancreatic tumors visible to the immune systems of mice and vulnerable to immune attack, reducing cancer metastases by 87%. |
| Revamped design could take powerful biological computers from the test tube to the cell Posted: 23 Mar 2022 12:16 PM PDT Researchers may have developed long-lived biological computers that could potentially persist inside cells. Researchers forgo the traditional DNA-based approach, opting instead to use the nucleic acid RNA to build computers. The results demonstrate that the RNA circuits are as dependable and versatile as their DNA-based counterparts. What's more, living cells may be able to create these RNA circuits continuously, something that is not readily possible with DNA circuits. |
| New potentially painkilling compound found in deep-water cone snails Posted: 23 Mar 2022 12:16 PM PDT In a new study, researchers report that a group of cone snails produces a venom compound similar to the protein somatostatin. While they continue to learn more about this venom compound and its possible pharmaceutical applications, the results show the wide variety of drug leads that venomous animals produce, which they've designed and refined over millions of years. |
| Rewriting the history books: Why the Vikings left Greenland Posted: 23 Mar 2022 12:16 PM PDT One of the great mysteries of late medieval history is why did the Norse, who had established successful settlements in southern Greenland in 985, abandon them in the early 15th century? The consensus view has long been that colder temperatures, associated with the Little Ice Age, helped make the colonies unsustainable. However, new research upends that old theory. It wasn't dropping temperatures that helped drive the Norse from Greenland, but drought. |
| Empathy softens teachers' biases, reduces racial gap in student suspensions Posted: 23 Mar 2022 12:16 PM PDT Interventions that seek to evoke empathy in teachers can sideline biases and narrow the racial gap in suspensions of middle school students, according to the results of a large-scale study to combat race-based inequity in school discipline. |
| Neuroscientists identify mechanism for long term memory storage Posted: 23 Mar 2022 12:16 PM PDT While studying how memories are formed and stored in the brain, a team identified a novel protein folding mechanism that is essential for long term memory storage. The researchers further demonstrated that this mechanism is impaired in a tau-based mouse model of Alzheimer's disease and that restoring this protein folding mechanism reverses memory impairment in this mouse model for the study of dementia. |
| Targeted demand response reduces price volatility of electric grid Posted: 23 Mar 2022 12:05 PM PDT Demand response, a measure taken to reduce the energy load in response to supply constraints, within the Texas electric grid has been a topic of recent conversation after the wake of Winter Storm Uri just one year ago. Demand response can enhance the reliability of the grid through renewable energy penetration and also significantly reduce price volatility, or fluctuation, in the wholesale electricity market. |
| FDA approved new immunotherapy regimen for patients with melanoma Posted: 23 Mar 2022 10:03 AM PDT The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved a novel therapy for patients with metastatic or inoperable melanoma, an aggressive type of skin cancer. |
| Fermi Arcs in an Antiferromagnet detected at BESSY II Posted: 23 Mar 2022 09:51 AM PDT Researchers have analyzed samples of NdBi crystals which display interesting magnetic properties. In their experiments including measurements at BESSY II they could find evidence for so called Fermi arcs in the antiferromagnetic state of the sample at low temperatures. This observation is not yet explained by existing theoretical ideas and opens up exciting possibilities to make use of these kind of materials for innovative information technologies based on the electron spin rather than the charge. |
| Single-photon source paves the way for practical quantum encryption Posted: 23 Mar 2022 09:51 AM PDT Researchers describe new high-purity single-photon source that can operate at room temperature. The source is an important step toward practical applications of quantum technology, such as highly secure communication based on quantum key distribution (QKD). |
| Origins of diabetes may be different in men and women Posted: 23 Mar 2022 09:51 AM PDT Researchers look at how fat tissue from different parts of the body may lead to diabetes onset in men and women. They reviewed almost 200 hundred scientific papers looking for a deeper understanding of how fat operates at the surface and tissue level, and the mechanisms by which that tissue contributes to diabetes onset. |
| Posted: 23 Mar 2022 09:51 AM PDT The lower airways of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) have unique biochemical features that correlate with the complex communities of lung bacteria typical of this disease, according to a multicenter study. These findings offer insights into the underlying biological mechanisms driving infection and inflammation in the CF lungs, and may help develop novel targeted therapies and more precise diagnostics to improve the care of children with CF. |
| Quantum sensors: Measuring even more precisely Posted: 23 Mar 2022 09:51 AM PDT Two teams of physicists have designed the first programmable quantum sensor, and tested it in the laboratory. To do so they applied techniques from quantum information processing to a measurement problem. The innovative method promises quantum sensors whose precision reaches close to the limit set by the laws of nature. |
| Posted: 23 Mar 2022 09:51 AM PDT Those who have visited the park may have asked themselves, 'Where does all the hot water come from?' A study now provides stunning subsurface images that begin to answer that question. |
| Dense bones allowed Spinosaurus to hunt underwater Posted: 23 Mar 2022 09:51 AM PDT Spinosaurus is the largest predatory dinosaur known -- over two metres longer than the longest Tyrannosaurus rex -- but the way it hunted has been a subject of debate for decades. In a new paper, palaeontologists have taken a different approach to decipher the lifestyle of long-extinct creatures: examining the density of their bones. |
| Atossa – The protein queen commanding cell invasion Posted: 23 Mar 2022 09:50 AM PDT Immune cells are our body's police force, but how can they reach the crime scene fast? Researchers have now discovered a new protein that boosts energy production inside immune cells and thus increases their power to invade. Apart from improving immune responses, the results could revolutionize our understanding of energy regulation in cells throughout the human body. |
| Chemical found in leafy greens shown to slow growth of COVID-19 and common cold viruses Posted: 23 Mar 2022 09:50 AM PDT A study in mice and lab-grown cells finds sulforaphane could help prevent and treat illnesses caused by certain coronaviruses, including COVID-19. |
| New method of pancreatic islet cryopreservation marks breakthrough for diabetes cure Posted: 23 Mar 2022 08:45 AM PDT Engineering and medical researchers have developed a new process for successfully storing specialized pancreatic islet cells at very low temperatures and rewarming them, enabling the potential for on-demand islet transplantation. The breakthrough discovery in cryopreservation is a major step forward in a cure for diabetes. |
| Don’t underestimate undulating graphene Posted: 23 Mar 2022 08:45 AM PDT A theory suggests putting graphene on an undulating surface stresses it enough to create a minute electromagnetic field. The phenomenon could be useful for creating 2D electron optics or valleytronics devices. |
| Going door-to-door to save Egypt’s pumpkins and address global food insecurity Posted: 23 Mar 2022 08:45 AM PDT How does one help save an iconic, nutritious Egyptian crop that will help meet the food security challenges resulting from climate change? An international team of researchers discovered that the best way to start is to drive throughout central and northeastern Egypt, knock on the doors of small farmers, and ask for a handful of their pumpkin seeds. |
| Antibiotic-resistant Salmonella strains not seen in migrating wild birds Posted: 23 Mar 2022 08:45 AM PDT Although many wild birds carry Salmonella, the strains of the bacteria they convey usually do not harbor antimicrobial-resistance genes, according to researchers. |
| Using marinated eggs to demonstrate diffusion Posted: 23 Mar 2022 08:45 AM PDT Researchers were inspired by marinated eggs to demonstrate how diffusion works in an easy and quantifiable way. The basis of the recipe is marinating hard boiled eggs in vinegar or brine, which cures the eggs by sufficiently saturating the egg whites via diffusion. In their experiment, the researchers compared penetration levels of red food dye in the whites of peeled hard-boiled eggs at three different temperatures: refrigerator temperature, room temperature, and in a cool convection oven. |
| IVF children shown to have a better quality of life as adults in new study Posted: 23 Mar 2022 07:13 AM PDT Being conceived via assisted reproductive technology (ART), such as IVF, may provide some advantages in quality of life in adulthood, according to the results of a new study. |
| Neighborhoods feeling the heat as medium density housing robs suburbs of street and garden trees Posted: 23 Mar 2022 07:13 AM PDT Researchers are calling for new national planning policies to mandate the inclusion of trees in any future housing developments and architectural designs. |
| Humans have given wild animals their diseases nearly 100 times, researchers find Posted: 23 Mar 2022 07:12 AM PDT Scientists have found that humans might give viruses back to animals more often than previously understood. |
| Globins - on the hunt to protect your liver Posted: 23 Mar 2022 07:12 AM PDT Researchers have discovered in mice an additional use of globins as an intravenous drug that can delay liver fibrosis progression. |
| New pumpkin shaped nucleus radiates protons with record setting rate Posted: 23 Mar 2022 07:12 AM PDT A new atomic nucleus 149-Lutetium, consisting of 71 protons and 78 neutrons, has been synthesized. |
| Firefighters’ risk of irregular heartbeat linked to number of on-the-job fire exposures Posted: 23 Mar 2022 07:12 AM PDT The more fires they respond to, the higher the risk of atrial fibrillation or AFib -- a common irregular heart rhythm -- among firefighters, according to a survey of more than 10,000 active U.S. firefighters. After adjusting for atrial fibrillation risk factors, such as high blood pressure and smoking, researchers found a 14% increased risk of atrial fibrillation for every additional five fires fought annually. |
| Posted: 23 Mar 2022 07:12 AM PDT Tiny predatory bacteria attack microorganisms. These ultramicrobacteria are widely distributed, for example, in sewage treatment plants and in the seafloor. |
| Wide-ranging problems in children born before 24 weeks gestation Posted: 23 Mar 2022 07:12 AM PDT In a study of children born after a pregnancy of less than 24 weeks, nearly all (96 percent) proved to have any of the diagnoses studied. According to the study neuropsychiatric and somatic diagnoses are prevalent as these extremely preterm infants grow into adulthood. |
| Modern animal life could have origins in delta Posted: 23 Mar 2022 07:12 AM PDT The ancestors of many animal species alive today may have lived in a delta in what is now China, new research suggests. |
| Researchers map the movement of white dwarfs of the Milky Way Posted: 23 Mar 2022 07:12 AM PDT White dwarfs were once normal stars similar to the Sun but then collapsed after exhausting all their fuel. These interstellar remnants have historically been difficult to study. However, a recent study reveals new information about the movement patterns of these puzzling stars. |
| New advances in the protein folding process thermodynamics Posted: 23 Mar 2022 07:12 AM PDT In biophysics, the kinetic states of molecules play a determining role in the metabolic and physiological processes in which they take part. Now, a new article specifies for the first time the levels of energy, the entropy and the enthalpy of protein folding. To do so, the team used a device with optical tweezers that enables changing the experimental temperature between 5ºC and 40ºC. |
| Maternal socialization, not biology, shapes child brain activity Posted: 23 Mar 2022 07:12 AM PDT Children of mothers with clinical depression are at three times greater risk to develop depression themselves than are their low-risk peers. Researchers are working to understand the neural underpinnings of the risk, and some studies have shown altered brain processing of reward in at-risk children as young as 6. An outstanding question remains as to whether children with a maternal history of depression have a biological predisposition to blunted neural reward responding or whether it depends more on social factors. Now, new work finds those dampened responses depended on maternal feedback, suggesting the latter. |
| Posted: 23 Mar 2022 07:12 AM PDT A new study has found that costs of conservation projects are rarely reported, making it difficult for others to make decisions on the most cost-effective interventions at a time when funding for biodiversity conservation is severely limited. |
| Migrants from south carrying maize were early Maya ancestors Posted: 23 Mar 2022 07:12 AM PDT Archaeologists show that a site in Belize was critical in studying the origins of the ancient Maya people and the spread of maize as a staple food. |
| Improving prognosis in chronic kidney disease Posted: 23 Mar 2022 06:36 AM PDT Researchers have conducted a retrospective study of over 3100 people with chronic kidney disease to evaluate the association between mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) use and renal outcomes. The analysis revealed an association between MRA use and a reduced risk for the initiation of renal replacement therapy across multiple subgroups of patients with chronic kidney disease. These findings reinforce the use of MRAs in treatment plans for various groups of people with chronic kidney disease who are not undergoing dialysis. |
| Self-monitoring blood oxygen at home can help COVID patients spot early warning signs, study finds Posted: 22 Mar 2022 07:18 PM PDT Measuring blood oxygen levels at home is a safe way for people with COVID-19 to spot signs that their health could be deteriorating, and they may need emergency and hospital care, new research has found. |
| Scientists discover when beetles became prolific Posted: 22 Mar 2022 07:18 PM PDT Researchers have found that beetles first roamed the world in the Carboniferous and later diversified alongside the earliest dinosaurs during the Triassic and Jurassic. |
| Arts activities may improve self-control and reduce antisocial behavior among teenagers Posted: 22 Mar 2022 07:18 PM PDT Teenagers who take part in arts and cultural activities, such as dance, drama, reading and going to concerts, are less likely to engage in antisocial and criminalized behavior up to two years later, according to a new study. Researchers looked at data from more than 25,000 teenagers in the United States who had filled out questionnaires over several years. |
| Artificial intelligence tool may help predict heart attacks Posted: 22 Mar 2022 07:18 PM PDT Investigators have created an artificial intelligence-enabled tool that may make it easier to predict if a person will have a heart attack. |
| Dominant form of heart failure caused by metabolic-immune interaction, review article suggests Posted: 22 Mar 2022 04:12 PM PDT The dominant form of heart failure worldwide appears to be caused by a strong, bidirectional interaction between the body's response to metabolic stress and the immune system, according to a review article. The article argues for more research into this root cause to develop truly effective treatments. |
| Correcting night blindness in dogs Posted: 22 Mar 2022 04:12 PM PDT Researchers have developed a gene therapy that restores dim-light vision in dogs with a congenital form of night blindness, offering hope for treating a similar condition in people. |
| Tracking real-time atomic movement between crystal grains in metals Posted: 22 Mar 2022 03:26 PM PDT Using advanced microscopy coupled with novel computer simulations to track atomic movement, researchers conducted real-time atomic-level observations of grain boundary deformation in poly-grained metallic materials called polycrystalline materials. They observed previously unrecognized processes that affect material properties, such as atoms that hop from one plane to another across a grain boundary. Their work pushes the limits of atomic-level probing, and enables a deeper understanding of how polycrystalline materials deform, and smarter design of new materials for extreme engineering applications. |
| Biodegradable implant could help doctors monitor brain chemistry Posted: 22 Mar 2022 02:05 PM PDT A wireless, biodegradable sensor could offer doctors a way to monitor changes in brain chemistry without requiring a second operation to remove the implant, according to an international team of researchers. |
| Getting fuel to an invading cell's front line Posted: 22 Mar 2022 12:42 PM PDT Invading armies need a steady supply of fuel and armaments. That's just as true when the invaders are cells, such as when tumor cells break away and spread to other parts of the body in a process called metastasis -- the most deadly part of cancer. Now, a study in C. elegans worms provides new insight into how invading cells deploy fuel to the front lines of invasion to power their break-through machinery. |
| Design tweak helps prevent malfunction in yarns designed to store energy Posted: 22 Mar 2022 12:42 PM PDT Findings in a recent study could advance the development of 'smart textiles' that would capture energy from the wearer's movements. |
| Research suggests interrupting immune response improves multiple sclerosis outcomes Posted: 22 Mar 2022 12:10 PM PDT Multiple sclerosis is a chronic disease that damages neurons. New research looks at the role that a protein, STAT5, plays in the development of MS. |
| Drug use beliefs found to be strongest predictor of youth substance use Posted: 22 Mar 2022 12:10 PM PDT What are the most important factors to consider for developing effective drug use prevention programs? Many current programs for adolescents focus on elements including peer and family relationships, school connection, and youth's self-confidence and self-assertion. However, a new study suggests another factor may be equally -- or even more -- influential: whether the youth believes drug use is wrong. |
| Investigators uncover small molecule to engineer intestinal cell types Posted: 22 Mar 2022 12:09 PM PDT Investigators have created specialized, tissue-like structures in the laboratory to model barrier tissues, such as the intestines, to identify new targets for treatment. |
| Posted: 22 Mar 2022 12:09 PM PDT A series of studies on endangered species that make their homes on the border of Vietnam and China underscores the growing importance of transboundary conservation efforts in the face of climate change. As the world warms, many plant and animal species migrate from their traditional habitats, increasing the likelihood of local and global extinctions. |
| Researchers control brain circuits from a distance using infrared light Posted: 22 Mar 2022 12:09 PM PDT Scientists have developed the first non-invasive technique for controlling targeted brain circuits in behaving animals from a distance. The tool has the potential to solve one of the biggest unmet needs in neuroscience: a way to flexibly test the functions of particular brain cells and circuits deep in the brain during normal behavior. |
| Nature study: Ocean life may adapt to climate change, but with hidden costs Posted: 22 Mar 2022 12:09 PM PDT A new study shows that some ocean animals may be able evolve their way out of troubles caused by climate change -- but at a high cost. By artificially evolving 23 generations of a marine copepod, Acartia tonsa, a team of scientists found that the tiny creatures could adapt to the high temperatures and carbon dioxide levels forecast for the warming oceans. But to get there, the populations had to spend a lot of their genetic flexibility -- leaving them vulnerable to new stresses, like low food. |
| Social media data could help predict the next COVID surge Posted: 22 Mar 2022 12:09 PM PDT New research suggests that a novel, short-term forecasting method, using machine learning and vast, anonymized datasets from social media accounts, significantly outperforms conventional models for projecting COVID trends at the county level. |
| Trial use of soybean waste to tackle obesity Posted: 22 Mar 2022 12:08 PM PDT Scientists have found that fermented soybean waste, or okara, could improve fat metabolism and mitigate effects of diet-induced obesity. |
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