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| Engineers get under the skin of ionic skin Posted: 28 Apr 2022 11:28 AM PDT In the quest to build smart skin that mimics the sensing capabilities of natural skin, ionic skins have shown significant advantages. They're made of flexible, biocompatible hydrogels that use ions to carry an electrical charge. These hydrogels can generate voltages when touched, but scientists did not clearly understand how -- until a team of researchers devised a unique experiment. |
| Sampling the deep graveyard of Earth's earliest crust Posted: 28 Apr 2022 11:28 AM PDT Scientists show that remnants of the roots of Earth's first crust are still present in the terrestrial mantle and contribute to magmas erupted at the surface over Earth's history. |
| Genetic links revealed between severe COVID-19 and other diseases Posted: 28 Apr 2022 11:27 AM PDT A new analysis of data from the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program has uncovered genetic links between COVID-19 severity and certain medical conditions that are known risk factors for severe COVID-19. |
| Patagonian sheepdogs are the closest living representative of the ancestor of sheepdog from UK Posted: 28 Apr 2022 11:27 AM PDT Modern day Patagonian sheepdogs are the closest living relative to now-extinct varieties of herding dogs of Victorian era Britain, according to a new study. |
| Higher COVID-19 death rates in the southern U.S. due to behavior differences, study finds Posted: 28 Apr 2022 11:27 AM PDT During the pre-Omicron phases of the COVID-19 pandemic, regions of the U.S. had markedly different mortality rates, primarily due to differences in mask use, school attendance, social distancing, and other behaviors. Had the entire country reacted to the pandemic as the Northeast region, more than 316,000 deaths might have been avoided, 62 percent of those avoidable deaths being in the South, according to a new study. |
| Scientists call for cap on production to end plastic pollution Posted: 28 Apr 2022 11:26 AM PDT An international group of experts says the production of new plastics should be capped to solve the plastic pollution problem. The authors argue that all other measures won't suffice to keep up with the pace of plastic production and releases. |
| Model pinpoints glaciers at risk of collapse due to climate change Posted: 28 Apr 2022 09:54 AM PDT Glaciologists focus on what happens at the front of glaciers that terminate in the ocean as the key to whether a glacier will speed up or slow down. Yet with global warming, meltwater is becoming increasingly important, seeping underneath and lubricating flow. A statistician included this effect in glacier flow models, concluding that the thickest and fastest moving glaciers will respond most rapidly to basal lubrication and are most vulnerable to sudden collapse. |
| Humans run at the most energy-efficient speed, regardless of distance Posted: 28 Apr 2022 09:54 AM PDT As race season approaches, many runners have the same goal: go faster. But researchers now show that speeding up might require defying our natural biology. By combining data from runners monitored in a lab along with 37,000 runs recorded on wearable fitness trackers, scientists have found that humans' natural tendency is to run at a speed that conserves caloric loss -- something that racers seeking to shave time off their miles will have to overcome. |
| Study tracks COVID-19 infection dynamics in adults Posted: 28 Apr 2022 09:54 AM PDT Scientists tracked the rise and fall of SARS-CoV-2 in the saliva and nasal cavities of people newly infected with the virus. The study was the first to follow acute COVID-19 infections over time through repeated sampling and to compare results from different testing methodologies. |
| Seven hours of sleep is optimal in middle and old age, say researchers Posted: 28 Apr 2022 09:54 AM PDT Seven hours is the ideal amount of sleep for people in their middle age and upwards, with too little or too much little sleep associated with poorer cognitive performance and mental health, say researchers. |
| Large bodies helped extinct marine reptiles with long necks swim, new study finds Posted: 28 Apr 2022 09:54 AM PDT Scientists have discovered that body size is more important than body shape in determining the energy economy of swimming for aquatic animals. |
| A molecular glue for turning on human cell pluripotency Posted: 28 Apr 2022 09:54 AM PDT Researchers report insights into the mechanism of how human NANOG facilitates the activation of cell pluripotency. |
| CAR T drives acute myeloid leukemia into submission in pre-clinical studies Posted: 28 Apr 2022 09:53 AM PDT Investigators have devised a novel method for improving CAR T therapy through a drug combination and cellular engineering that improves the strength and durability of the tumor-killing effect of a CAR T directed against acute myeloid leukemia. |
| Accurately monitoring subsurface carbon dioxide storage Posted: 28 Apr 2022 09:53 AM PDT Capturing and storing carbon dioxide (CO2) deep underground can help combat climate change, but long-term monitoring of the stored CO2 within a geological storage site is difficult using current physics-based methods. |
| A prehistoric forest grows in Brunei Posted: 28 Apr 2022 07:40 AM PDT A new study of leaf fossils conducted in the nation of Brunei on the island of Borneo has revealed that the current dominant tree group, the dipterocarps, has dominated the rainforests for at least four million years. The findings suggest that the current landscape is similar to what was present during the Pliocene Epoch, 5.3 to 2.6 million years ago, and may provide additional justification for conservation of these forests that support many critically endangered species. |
| Posted: 28 Apr 2022 07:40 AM PDT Scientists describe a new technique that promises to revolutionize the imaging of proteins and other vital biomolecules, allowing these tiny entities to be visualized with unprecedented clarity and by simpler means than existing methods. |
| Space-based system using GPS satellites could warn of incoming tsunamis Posted: 28 Apr 2022 07:40 AM PDT A new method for detecting tsunamis using existing GPS satellites orbiting Earth could serve as an effective warning system for countries worldwide, according to a new study. |
| CAR-T therapy effective in Black and Hispanic patients Posted: 28 Apr 2022 07:40 AM PDT CAR-T therapy, a form of immunotherapy that revs up T-cells to recognize and destroy cancer cells, has revolutionized the treatment of blood cancers, including certain leukemias, lymphomas, and most recently, multiple myeloma. However, Black and Hispanic people were largely absent from the major clinical trials that led to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval of CAR-T cell therapies. |
| Selection bias may lead to underestimation of risk of CTE in former football players Posted: 28 Apr 2022 07:39 AM PDT Researchers have been studying chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) and while much has been learned, diagnosing the disease still needs to be done post-mortem on autopsied brains donated to a brain bank. One criticism of the research is that brain bank study results have a selection bias because they are based on a subset of players most affected by CTE, and therefore not representative of the population of football players. Now a novel study by researchers from BUSM and Boston University School of Public Health (BUSPH) provides further evidence suggesting a dose-response relationship between football and CTE even after adjusting for selection bias. |
| How to balance economic development goals with environmental conservation Posted: 28 Apr 2022 07:39 AM PDT An international study gives fast-growing nations a simple, inexpensive guide to inform planning and decision-making to help balance economic development goals with environmental conservation and human well-being. |
| Decreased genetic diversity in immune system could impact endangered toad survival Posted: 28 Apr 2022 07:39 AM PDT A new study examines immune system diversity in the critically endangered Wyoming toad and finds that genetic bottlenecks could impact a species' ability to respond to new pathogens. The findings could inform captive breeding strategies for endangered animal populations. |
| From blurry to bright: AI tech helps researchers peer into the brains of mice Posted: 28 Apr 2022 07:39 AM PDT Biomedical engineers have developed an artificial intelligence (AI) training strategy to capture images of mouse brain cells in action. The researchers say the AI system, in concert with specialized ultra-small microscopes, make it possible to find precisely where and when cells are activated during movement, learning and memory. |
| Aspirin does not cut risk in non-obstructive coronary artery disease, study finds Posted: 28 Apr 2022 07:39 AM PDT Aspirin therapy, as opposed to statin use, for non-obstructive coronary artery disease does not reduce major cardiovascular events, according to a new study. |
| New study identifies genetic changes in patients who progress to esophageal cancer Posted: 28 Apr 2022 07:39 AM PDT A scientific team who studies a precancerous condition of the esophagus (called Barrett's esophagus or BE) are working to answer how to see genetic changes in cells before they turn cancerous. The team revealed that DNA changes in BE cells that presage esophageal cancer can be spotted years before cancer develops. |
| Risk factors for severe COVID-19 in hospitalized adults differ by age Posted: 28 Apr 2022 05:58 AM PDT A new study provides previously unknown answers about which hospitalized COVID-19 patients are most likely to need mechanical ventilation or to die. Researchers showed that vital signs and lab results at the time of hospital admission -- not comorbidities and demographics -- are the most accurate predictors of disease severity. |
| Unravelling the origins of the human spine Posted: 28 Apr 2022 05:58 AM PDT Scientists have recapitulated in the laboratory how the cellular structures that give rise to our spinal column form sequentially. They have created a 3D in vitro model that mimics how the precursor structures that give rise to the spinal column form during human embryonic development. |
| Gene mutations that contribute to head and neck cancer also provide 'precision' treatment targets Posted: 28 Apr 2022 05:58 AM PDT About one-fifth of often deadly head and neck cancers harbor genetic mutations in a pathway that is key to normal cell growth, and scientists report those mutations, which enable abnormal cancer cell growth, can also make the cancer vulnerable. |
| Giant marine reptiles at 2,800 meters above sea level Posted: 28 Apr 2022 05:58 AM PDT More than 30 years ago, researchers discovered vertebrae, ribs and a tooth in the High Alps of eastern Switzerland. The typical shape indicated that they had to originate from large marine reptiles known as ichthyosaurs, but there was a lack of corresponding comparative material. A new study has now allowed a more precise classification. According to the findings, they belong to three different ichthyosaurs of around 15 to around 20 meters in length. The tooth is particularly unusual: With a root diameter of six centimeters, it is twice as large as the largest aquatic dinosaur tooth found to date. |
| Discovery of 30 exocomets in a young planetary system Posted: 28 Apr 2022 05:58 AM PDT The star Beta Pictoris has fascinated astronomers because it enables them to observe a planetary system in the process of formation. It is made up of at least two young planets, and also contains comets, which were detected as early as 1987. Now, an international research team has discovered 30 such exocomets and determined the size of their nuclei, which vary between 3 and 14 kilometers in diameter. |
| Bird populations in eastern Canada declining due to forest 'degradation,' research shows Posted: 28 Apr 2022 05:58 AM PDT Bird species that live in wooded areas are under stress from human-caused changes to forest composition, according to new research that quantifies the effects of forest 'degradation' on bird habitat. |
| Climate change could spark the next pandemic, new study finds Posted: 28 Apr 2022 05:58 AM PDT As Earth's climate continues to warm, researchers predict wild animals will be forced to relocate their habitats -- likely to regions with large human populations -- dramatically increasing the risk of a viral jump to humans that could lead to the next pandemic. |
| Ionic liquid-based reservoir computing: The key to efficient and flexible edge computing Posted: 28 Apr 2022 05:58 AM PDT Researchers have designed a tunable physical reservoir device based on the dielectric relaxation at an electrode-ionic liquid interface. Physical reservoir computing (PRC), which relies on the transient response of physical systems, is an attractive machine learning framework that can perform high-speed processing of time-series signals at low power. |
| Posted: 28 Apr 2022 05:56 AM PDT In studies using mice grafted with human Ewing sarcoma tissue, researchers have identified a biological pathway that is activated when tissue is starved of oxygen due to rapid growth of a tumor, thereby allowing cancer cells to make genetic changes so they can metastasize to the bone and thrive even when exposed to chemotherapy. |
| Earth's atmosphere may be source of some lunar water Posted: 27 Apr 2022 06:13 PM PDT Hydrogen and oxygen ions escaping from Earth's upper atmosphere and combining on the moon could be one of the sources of the known lunar water and ice, according to new research. |
| Loneliness leads to higher risk of future unemployment Posted: 27 Apr 2022 06:12 PM PDT A new study found that people who reported 'feeling lonely often' were significantly more likely to encounter unemployment later. The analysis also confirmed previous findings that the reverse is true -- people who were unemployed were more likely to experience loneliness later. |
| Hype up fitness to support kids' health post-lockdowns, experts urge Posted: 27 Apr 2022 06:12 PM PDT As COVID-19 reaches record levels in the UK, health experts are calling for a focus on children's physical fitness as new research reveals concerning changes to children's health and physical fitness following the pandemic. |
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