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| How a soil microbe could rev up artificial photosynthesis Posted: 29 Apr 2022 03:57 PM PDT When it comes to fixing carbon, plants have nothing on soil bacteria that can do it 20 times faster. The secret is an enzyme that 'juggles' reaction ingredients. Scientists hope to optimize this process for producing fuels, antibiotics and other products from CO2. |
| New technique shows in detail where drug molecules hit their targets in the body Posted: 29 Apr 2022 01:36 PM PDT Scientists have invented a way to image, across different tissues and with higher precision than ever before, where drugs bind to their targets in the body. The new method could become a routine tool in drug development. |
| Study reveals Stonehenge landscape before the world-famous monument Posted: 29 Apr 2022 12:16 PM PDT Four thousand years before Stonehenge was constructed, land within the World Heritage Site was covered by open woodland, with meadow-like clearings, inhabited by grazing animals and hunter-gatherers, according to new research. |
| Better residents' health after switch to electric buses Posted: 29 Apr 2022 11:56 AM PDT The health of residents living alongside a bus route in Gothenburg, Sweden, became considerably better when hybrid buses were replaced by buses fully powered by electricity. Along with the noise levels there was a reduction of fatigue, day time sleepiness and low mood, a new study shows. |
| Molecular basis of deep sleep pinpointed, suggests avenues for novel treatments Posted: 29 Apr 2022 11:50 AM PDT Scientists pinpoint the molecular epicenter of deep-sleep regulation. The findings, based on research in mice, identify a gene that makes a protein that regulates delta waves -- electrical signals between neurons that occur during the deepest phases of relaxation and are a hallmark of restorative sleep. |
| Research discovers new bacteria that stick to plastic in the deep sea to travel around the ocean Posted: 29 Apr 2022 11:50 AM PDT Scientists have found new types of plastic loving bacteria that stick to plastic in the deep sea that may enable them to 'hitchhike' across the ocean. |
| A single course of antibiotics affects the gut microbiota of infants Posted: 29 Apr 2022 11:50 AM PDT A study indicates that antibiotics, which kill bacteria, boost the abundance of gut fungal microbiota. The phenomenon can be a contributing factor in the long-term adverse effects of antibiotics, such as inflammatory bowel diseases. |
| How genome organization influences cell fate Posted: 29 Apr 2022 11:50 AM PDT Research shows how a protein complex, called chromatin assembly factor-1, controls genome organization to maintain lineage fidelity. |
| New sleep molecule discovered: 'It shows just how complex the machinery of sleep is' Posted: 29 Apr 2022 11:49 AM PDT Researchers presents a new study demonstrating that a small molecule in brain cells affects the level of hypocretin, which is responsible for making us feel awake during the day and tired at night. People with a genetic variation of this molecule have a higher risk of suffering from daytime sleepiness. |
| Engineers develop new control electronics for quantum computers that improve performance, cut costs Posted: 29 Apr 2022 11:49 AM PDT Quantum computing experiments now have a new control and readout electronics option that will significantly improve performance while replacing cumbersome and expensive systems. |
| Future wearable health tech could measure gases released from skin Posted: 29 Apr 2022 11:49 AM PDT Scientists have taken the first step to creating the next generation of wearable health monitors. |
| Light-infused particles go the distance in organic semiconductors Posted: 29 Apr 2022 11:49 AM PDT Polaritons offer the best of two very different worlds. These hybrid particles combine light and molecules of organic material, making them ideal vessels for energy transfer in organic semiconductors. They are both compatible with modern electronics but also move speedily, thanks to their photonic origins. |
| Stress, anxiety and depression during pregnancy may hinder toddler's cognitive development Posted: 29 Apr 2022 11:49 AM PDT Women's elevated anxiety, depression and stress during pregnancy altered key features of the fetal brain, which subsequently decreased their offspring's cognitive development at 18 months. These changes also increased internalizing and dysregulation behaviors, according to a new study. Researchers followed a cohort of 97 pregnant women and their babies. The findings further suggest that persistent psychological distress after the baby is born may influence the parent-child interaction and infant self-regulation. |
| New studies show special mental health risks for certain groups of new doctors Posted: 29 Apr 2022 11:49 AM PDT First-year surgery residents, and first-year medical residents in all fields who are members of sexual minorities such as LGBTQ, are more likely than others to develop depression during the stressful training period. |
| New research helps explain how Ritalin sharpens attention Posted: 29 Apr 2022 11:49 AM PDT Researchers found animals that had taken methylphenidate performed better on a visual task of attention, and that the improvement happened exactly when that same metric of neuron activity shifted. |
| Unlocking a cure for carbon monoxide poisoning Posted: 29 Apr 2022 11:49 AM PDT Treatment options are limited for those suffering from carbon monoxide poisoning. Researchers have designed a small molecule that shows promise as a potential treatment that could rapidly clear carbon monoxide from the blood. |
| 'Eye-catching' smartphone app could make it easy to screen for neurological disease at home Posted: 29 Apr 2022 11:49 AM PDT Researchers have developed a smartphone app that could allow people to screen for Alzheimer's disease, ADHD and other neurological diseases and disorders -- by recording closeups of their eye. The app uses a smartphone's built-in near-infrared camera and selfie camera to track how a person's pupil changes in size. These pupil measurements could be used to assess a person's cognitive condition. |
| A novel therapy ameliorates obesity and Type 2 diabetes in mice fed a high-fat diet Posted: 29 Apr 2022 11:48 AM PDT A novel therapy ameliorates obesity and Type 2 diabetes in mice fed a high-fat diet. The therapy acts through sustained release of nitric oxide, a gaseous signaling chemical whose most important function in the body is relaxing the inner muscles of blood vessels. |
| New model for antibacterial mechanism Posted: 29 Apr 2022 11:48 AM PDT Biologists have discovered an aberrant protein that's deadly to bacteria. This erroneously built protein mimics the action of aminoglycosides, a class of antibiotics. The newly discovered protein could serve as a model to help scientists unravel details of those drugs' lethal effects on bacteria -- and potentially point the way to future antibiotics. |
| A new mutation behind synucleinopathies Posted: 29 Apr 2022 11:48 AM PDT Scientists have carried out an extensive study of a newly discovered mutation that can uncover new insights into the molecular basis of pathology formation in a family of disorders that includes Lewy body dementia and Parkinson's disease. |
| Anatomical study confirms: Harbor seals are good at learning calls Posted: 29 Apr 2022 11:45 AM PDT Harbor seals may sound different than expected from their body size. Is this ability related to their vocal talents or is it the result of an anatomical adaptation? An international team has now investigated the vocal tracts of harbor seals, which matched their body size. This means that harbor seals are capable of learning new sounds thanks to their brains rather than their anatomy. |
| High-frequency spinal cord stimulation shows improved longer lasting pain relief Posted: 28 Apr 2022 01:16 PM PDT Researchers at UC San Diego School of Medicine report that high-frequency spinal cord stimulation proved more effective at improving perceived pain reduction than low-frequency SCS in patients studied, and that there was some variation in PPR between male and female patients. |
| Self-assembled logic circuits created from proteins Posted: 28 Apr 2022 01:16 PM PDT In a proof-of-concept study, researchers have created self-assembled, protein-based circuits that can perform simple logic functions. The work demonstrates that it is possible to create stable digital circuits that take advantage of an electron's properties at quantum scales. |
| Dolphin bycatch from fishing practices unsustainable, study finds Posted: 28 Apr 2022 01:14 PM PDT An international team of researchers have developed a method to assess sustainable levels of human-caused wildlife mortality, which when applied to a trawl fishery shows that dolphin capture is not sustainable. |
| Unlocked enzyme structure shows how strigolactone hormone controls plant growth Posted: 28 Apr 2022 01:14 PM PDT As sessile organisms, plants have to continually adapt their growth and architecture to the ever-changing environment. To do so, plants have evolved distinct molecular mechanisms to sense and respond to the environment and integrate the signals from outside with endogenous developmental programs. New research unravels the underlying mechanism of protein targeting and destruction in a specific plant hormone signaling pathway. |
| Bay Area storms get wetter in a warming world Posted: 28 Apr 2022 12:22 PM PDT Researchers used supercomputers to run high-resolution climate simulations that show how historically-impactful storm events could look in a warmer world. The researchers simulated five of the most powerful storms that have hit the San Francisco Bay Area since 1984, then projected how these historical storms would look in 2050 and 2100. They determined that some of these extreme events would deliver 26-37 percent more rain by 2100. |
| From seawater to drinking water, with the push of a button Posted: 28 Apr 2022 12:22 PM PDT Researchers created a portable desalination unit that can remove particles and salts simultaneously to generate drinking water. The user-friendly unit, which weighs less than 10 kilograms and does not require filters, can be powered by a small, portable solar panel. |
| Neural pathway key to sensation of pleasant touch identified Posted: 28 Apr 2022 11:28 AM PDT Researchers have identified a specific neuropeptide and a neural circuit that transmit pleasant touch from the skin to the brain. The findings eventually may help scientists better understand and treat disorders characterized by touch avoidance and impaired social development. |
| Metamaterial significantly enhances chiral nanoparticle signals Posted: 28 Apr 2022 11:28 AM PDT Researchers have succeeded in amplifying the nonlinear response using artificial chiral metamaterial. The new technology enhances the possible applications of mirror symmetry by amplifying chiral nanoparticle signals. |
| Researchers unlock potential means to reduce lithium-ion batteries reliance on rare metals Posted: 28 Apr 2022 11:28 AM PDT Lithium-ion batteries power our everyday products, from laptops to vehicles, because of their safety, longevity, and charging speeds. Yet their production relies on rare metals such as cobalt and nickel. Now, a research group has unearthed a potential method for incorporating more common and cheaper elements as synthesizing electrode materials. |
| Finding new weapons in nature's battlesites Posted: 28 Apr 2022 11:28 AM PDT Interactions between microbes and other organisms are mediated by a plethora of small molecules, also called natural products. Researchers have now performed a systematic analysis of biosynthetic 'dark matter' and biological functions, thus creating a solid basis for future discovery and refinement of natural products. |
| Atherosclerosis: How diseased blood vessels communicate with the brain Posted: 28 Apr 2022 11:28 AM PDT Scientists have been able to demonstrate that nerve signals are exchanged between arteries and the brain in atherosclerosis. |
| Research reveals the sex secrets of amphibian singing choruses Posted: 28 Apr 2022 11:27 AM PDT Researchers using an 'acoustic camera' discover how individual songs in an amphibian chorus influence mating in wood frogs. |
| Scientific advance leads to a new tool in the fight against hackers Posted: 28 Apr 2022 09:54 AM PDT A new form of security identification could soon see the light of day and help us protect our data from hackers and cybercriminals. Quantum mathematicians have solved a mathematical riddle that allows for a person's geographical location to be used as a personal ID that is secure against even the most advanced cyber attacks. |
| Gut microbiome may alter response to cancer therapy Posted: 28 Apr 2022 09:54 AM PDT A new study captures the current understanding of the connection between the gut microbiome and therapeutic response to immunotherapy, chemotherapy, cancer surgery and more, pointing to ways that the microbiome could be targeted to improve treatment. |
| Spinning stars shed new light on strange signal coming from galactic center Posted: 28 Apr 2022 09:54 AM PDT Researchers have found an alternative explanation for a mysterious gamma-ray signal coming from the center of the galaxy, which was long claimed as a signature of dark matter. |
| Reducing agricultural greenhouse gas emissions Posted: 28 Apr 2022 07:40 AM PDT Researchers have significantly improved the performance of numerical predictions for agricultural nitrous oxide emissions that could significantly reduce greenhouse gases from agriculture. |
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