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| New method allows easy, versatile synthesis of lactone molecules Posted: 27 May 2022 10:14 AM PDT Chemists' technique for turning cheap dicarboxylic acids into complex lactones could boost industries from pharmaceuticals to plastics. |
| New cancer subtype may illuminate treatment strategy Posted: 27 May 2022 09:14 AM PDT Researchers have identified a previously unrecognized form of hormone therapy-resistant prostate cancer, as well as a set of molecules that drive its growth. This discovery opens the door to the development of therapies that treat this specific disease. |
| Novel sensors enable precise measurement of dopamine Posted: 27 May 2022 09:14 AM PDT Dopamine is an important signalling molecule for nerve cells. Its concentration could not be precisely determined with both high spatial or temporal resolution until now. A new method has now made this possible: A research team used modified carbon nanotubes that glow brighter in the presence of the messenger substance dopamine. These sensors visualize the release of dopamine from nerve cells with unprecedented resolution. |
| Algorithms help to distinguish diseases at the molecular level Posted: 27 May 2022 09:14 AM PDT Machine learning is playing an ever-increasing role in biomedical research. Scientists have now developed a new method of using molecular data to extract subtypes of illnesses. In the future, this method can help to support the study of larger patient groups. |
| Posted: 27 May 2022 09:13 AM PDT Researchers have succeeded in understanding the biosynthetic mechanisms for the production of the natural product cyanobacterin, which is produced in small quantities by the cyanobacteria Scytonema hofmanni. In the process, they also discovered a new class of enzymes for building carbon-carbon bonds. The (bio)chemists are thus significantly expanding the biocatalytic repertoire currently known from Nature and are opening up new, sustainable biotechnological applications in medicine and agriculture. |
| T cell warriors need their R & R Posted: 27 May 2022 09:13 AM PDT T cells, biology textbooks teach us, are the soldiers of the immune system, constantly on the ready to respond to a variety of threats, from viruses to tumors. However, without rest and maintenance T cells can die and leave their hosts more susceptible to pathogens, scientists report. |
| High cost of cancer care in the U.S. doesn't reduce mortality rates Posted: 27 May 2022 09:13 AM PDT In a new study, researchers find that the U.S. spends twice as much as the average high-income country on cancer care, but only has slightly better mortality rates. |
| An arms race that plays out in a single genome Posted: 27 May 2022 09:13 AM PDT We often think of biological arms races occurring between the immune system and pathogens, or predator and prey, but biologists have now discovered an example that plays out within a single genome. Their work in fruit flies may have implications for key biological processes in humans, including fertility and even cancer. |
| A quarter of the world's Internet users rely on infrastructure that is susceptible to attacks Posted: 27 May 2022 07:12 AM PDT About a quarter of the world's Internet users live in countries that are more susceptible than previously thought to targeted attacks on their Internet infrastructure. Many of the at-risk countries are located in the Global South. That's the conclusion of a sweeping, large-scale study conducted by computer scientists. |
| Ancient viral elements embedded in human genome not from fossil retrovirus Posted: 27 May 2022 07:12 AM PDT Many types of animals, including humans, successfully coexist with retroviruses, and we know that ancient retrovirus viral elements can even be found within our genome. We also know that these endogenous retroviruses can be utilized for development and evolution. However, uncontrolled endogenous retroviruses may be a cause of disease in the human body. Now, researchers have discovered that endogenous retroviruses in our genome may pose a risk in regenerative medicine. |
| Siberian tundra could virtually disappear by mid-millennium Posted: 27 May 2022 07:12 AM PDT Due to global warming, temperatures in the Arctic are climbing rapidly. As a result, the treeline for Siberian larch forests is steadily advancing to the north, gradually supplanting the broad expanses of tundra which are home to a unique mix of flora and fauna. Experts have now prepared a computer simulation of how these woods could spread in the future, at the tundra's expense. |
| Supermassive black holes inside of dying galaxies detected in early universe Posted: 27 May 2022 07:10 AM PDT An international team of astronomers used a database combining observations from the best telescopes in the world, including the Subaru Telescope, to detect the signal from the active supermassive black holes of dying galaxies in the early Universe. The appearance of these active supermassive black holes correlates with changes in the host galaxy, suggesting that a black hole could have far reaching effects on the evolution of its host galaxy. |
| Protein supplement helps control Type 2 diabetes Posted: 27 May 2022 05:52 AM PDT A study which holds potential for dietary management of the condition, has shown that drinking a small amount of why protein before meals helps people with type 2 diabetes control their blood sugar. The work shows for the first time this works in people as they went about normal everyday life. |
| Posted: 27 May 2022 05:52 AM PDT Artificial Intelligence (AI) can track the health of coral reefs by learning the 'song of the reef', new research shows. |
| British coral predicted to be resilient to climate change Posted: 27 May 2022 05:52 AM PDT An iconic coral species found in UK waters could expand its range due to climate change, new research shows. |
| Just being exposed to new things makes people 'ready to learn' Posted: 27 May 2022 05:52 AM PDT A new study is one of the first to provide experimental evidence that people learn from incidental exposure to things that they know nothing about and aren't even trying to understand. |
| Posted: 26 May 2022 03:11 PM PDT For tens of thousands of years, Aboriginal Australians have created some of the world's most striking artworks. Today their work continues long lines of ancestral traditions, stories of the past and connections to current cultural landscapes, which is why researchers are keen on better understanding and preserving the cultural heritage within. By revealing the chemistry of plant secretions, or exudates, recent studies build a basis for better understanding and conserving art and tools made with plant materials. |
| Frozen eggs more efficient option than IVF for women starting families later Posted: 26 May 2022 03:11 PM PDT A large U.S. study shows 15 years of frozen egg thaw outcomes for women facing age-related fertility decline. |
| Discovery offers starting point for better gene-editing tools Posted: 26 May 2022 12:18 PM PDT New research has big implications for genomic medicine. Scientists have defined with atomic precision a new genome editing tool that is less than half the size of CRISPR-Cas9 -- currently the most reliable genome editing system. This new tool would allow scientists to fit genetic editors into smaller viral delivery systems to fix a variety of diseases. |
| How to tie-dye cotton with acorns and rust Posted: 26 May 2022 12:18 PM PDT Tie-dyeing is a fun activity that can spice up clothes with colorful patterns. Although kits are available in stores, nature provides dyes that can be extracted from items found in one's yard -- for example, acorns and rust. Researchers now present a 'green' process for tie-dyeing cotton with renewable resources and wastes that undergraduate students can easily do under minimal supervision. The activity links together science, art and sustainability. |
| Autonomous underwater imaging: Faster and more accurate Posted: 26 May 2022 11:48 AM PDT Recently conducted tests used new algorithms to outperform state-of-the-art programming for autonomous underwater sonar imaging, significantly improving the speed and accuracy for identifying objects such as explosive mines, sunken ships, airplane black boxes, pipelines and corrosion on ship hulls. |
| Smart, dissolving pacemaker communicates with body-area sensor and control network Posted: 26 May 2022 11:15 AM PDT Engineers have taken their transient pacemaker and integrated it into a coordinated network of four soft, flexible, wireless wearable sensors and control units placed on different anatomically relevant locations on the body. The sensors communicate with each other to continuously monitor the body's various physiological functions, including body temperature, oxygen levels, respiration, muscle tone, physical activity and the heart's electrical activity. The system then uses algorithms to analyze this combined activity in order to autonomously detect abnormal cardiac rhythms and decide when to pace the heart and at what rate. |
| New type of extremely reactive substance in the atmosphere Posted: 26 May 2022 11:15 AM PDT An entirely new class of super-reactive chemical compounds has been discovered under atmospheric conditions. Researchers have documented the formation of so-called trioxides -- an extremely oxidizing chemical compound that likely affects both human health and our global climate. |
| 'Fuel of evolution' more abundant than previously thought in wild animals Posted: 26 May 2022 11:15 AM PDT The raw material for evolution is much more abundant in wild animals than we previously believed, according to new research. |
| A synthetic antibiotic may help turn the tide against drug-resistant pathogens Posted: 26 May 2022 11:15 AM PDT A synthesized antibiotic derived from computer models of bacterial gene products appears to neutralize even drug-resistant bacteria. The compound, named cilagicin, works well in mice and employs a novel mechanism to attack MRSA, C. diff, and several other deadly pathogens. |
| Scientists shine new light on role of Earth's orbit in the fate of ancient ice sheets Posted: 26 May 2022 11:15 AM PDT Scientists have finally put to bed a long-standing question over the role of Earth's orbit in driving global ice age cycles. |
| Molecular profiling identifies new high-risk subtype of pediatric liver cancer Posted: 26 May 2022 10:53 AM PDT The characterization a new molecular type of high-risk pediatric liver cancer showed that these tumors had better outcomes when patients were treated by transplantation, rather than by chemotherapy and surgery alone. |
| Finding coherence in quantum chaos Posted: 26 May 2022 10:53 AM PDT A theoretical breakthrough in understanding quantum chaos could open new paths into researching quantum information and quantum computing, many-body physics, black holes, and the still-elusive quantum to classical transition. |
| New combined therapy helps extend lives of men with prostate cancer Posted: 26 May 2022 09:57 AM PDT Practice-changing research shows that a combination of androgen deprivation therapy -- a commonly used hormone injection -- plus pelvic lymph node radiation, kept nearly 90% of clinical trial patients' prostate cancer at bay for five years. |
| A unique catalyst paves the way for plastic upcycling Posted: 26 May 2022 09:57 AM PDT A recently developed catalyst for breaking down plastics continues to advance plastic upcycling processes. In 2020, scientists developed the first processive inorganic catalyst to deconstruct polyolefin plastics into molecules that can be used to create more valuable products. Now, the team has developed and validated a strategy to speed up the transformation without sacrificing desirable products. |
| Producers and consumers must share burden of global plastic packaging waste Posted: 26 May 2022 09:57 AM PDT Plastic packaging waste is everywhere. Our plastic bottles, food wrappings, and grocery bags litter the landscape and pollute the global environment. A new study explores the global patterns of plastic packaging waste. The study finds three countries -- the U.S., Brazil, and China -- are the top suppliers of waste. |
| Arc volcanoes are wetter than previously thought, with scientific and economic implications Posted: 26 May 2022 09:21 AM PDT The percentage of water in arc volcanoes, which form above subduction zones, may be far more than many previous studies have calculated. This increased amount of water has broad implications for understanding how Earth's lower crust forms, how magma erupts through the crust, and how economically important mineral ore deposits form, according to a new article. |
| New light shed on cell membranes Posted: 26 May 2022 09:21 AM PDT Researchers are using light in novel ways to better image biological samples. |
| Professional 'guilds' of bacteria gave rise to the modern microbiome Posted: 26 May 2022 08:28 AM PDT Even the smallest marine invertebrates -- some barely larger than single-celled protists -- are home to distinct and diverse microbial communities, or microbiomes, according to biologists. The study underscores that a vast diversity of animals have microbiomes, just as humans do. But more surprisingly, there's little correlation between how closely related most animals are and how similar their microbiomes are -- something widely assumed to be true based on the study of humans, larger mammals, and insects. |
| Study tracking T-cell activation over time boosts search for immune disease treatments Posted: 26 May 2022 08:28 AM PDT Researchers have identified links between 127 genes and immune diseases, providing newfound insights into the sequence and timing of gene activity during the activation of T cells, a key process in regulating the body's immune response. |
| Researchers hunt for one-pole magnets by combining cosmic rays and particle accelerators Posted: 26 May 2022 08:28 AM PDT Particle accelerators have helped researcher to draw new leading limits on the existence of magnetic monopoles from the collisions of energetic cosmic rays bombarding the Earth's atmosphere. |
| Fishing for new source of proteoglycans, an important health food ingredient Posted: 26 May 2022 08:28 AM PDT Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), commonly obtained from salmon nasal cartilage, are a key ingredient of various health foods. As the popularity of health foods increases, scientists are searching for alternative sources of CSPGs. Now, researchers have analyzed the PGs and their CS structures in the head cartilage of 10 edible bony fishes, including sturgeons. Their findings point to several new fishes that can serve as alternatives to salmon as a source of CSPGs. |
| Drug resistance molecule can spread though bacterial 'communities' Posted: 26 May 2022 08:28 AM PDT DNA molecules called plasmids -- some of which protect bacteria from antibiotics -- can spread rapidly through bacterial 'communities' that are treated with antibiotics, new research shows. |
| Breathing to win: Scientists show importance of screening breathing patterns in athletic populations Posted: 26 May 2022 08:28 AM PDT Dysfunctional breathing patterns are associated with a high risk of musculoskeletal conditions, resulting in poor physical performance. Now, a study has found that among athletes across age groups, there is a high prevalence of dysfunctional breathing patterns. Effective intervention strategies are required to restore normal breathing patterns and prevent injuries among athletes to ensure their superior performance and health. |
| 3D in a snap: Next generation system for imaging organoids Posted: 26 May 2022 08:28 AM PDT A team of researchers has built a better system to quickly produce high-resolution 3D images in real time, providing a quantitative analysis of organoids. |
| Posted: 26 May 2022 08:28 AM PDT Chemists have processed waste plastic from end-of-life trucks into graphene for composite materials in new vehicles. |
| Inappropriate antibiotics for nonhospitalized kids cost US at least $74 million Posted: 26 May 2022 08:27 AM PDT Children who were prescribed antibiotics inappropriately were more likely to develop complications such as diarrhea and skin rashes than children who were treated according to medical guidelines, according to a new study. This misuse of antibiotics resulted in at least $74 million in excess health-care costs in the U.S. in 2017. |
| Harnessing the immune system to treat traumatic brain injury in mice Posted: 26 May 2022 08:27 AM PDT Researchers have designed a targeted therapeutic treatment that restricts brain inflammation. The effectiveness of this approach in improving outcomes was demonstrated following brain injury, stroke or multiple sclerosis in mice. The system increases the number of regulatory T cells, mediators of the immune system's anti-inflammatory response, in the brain. By boosting the number of T regulatory cells in the brain, the researchers were able to prevent the death of brain tissue in mice following injury and the mice performed better in cognitive tests. The treatment has a high potential for use in patients with traumatic brain injury, with few alternatives currently available to prevent harmful neuroinflammation. |
| Gut bacteria can make blood pressure medication less effective Posted: 26 May 2022 06:56 AM PDT Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a major risk factor for heart disease and stroke, two of the leading causes of death in America. It's also one of the most common chronic conditions in the United States, with nearly half of U.S. adults considered hypertensive under current guidelines. Among those with high blood pressure, an estimated 20% have what's known as resistant hypertension, meaning their blood pressure remains high despite aggressive treatment. New research has shown gut bacteria can reduce the effectiveness of certain blood pressure drugs, potentially providing a pathway to developing new ways of overcoming treatment-resistant hypertension. |
| Tsunami threats underestimated in current models Posted: 26 May 2022 06:56 AM PDT USC researchers have found a correlation between tsunami severity and the width of the outer wedge -- the area between the continental shelf and deep trenches where large tsunamis emerge -- that helps explain how underwater seismic events generate large tsunamis. |
| A nanoparticle and inhibitor trigger the immune system, outsmarting brain cancer Posted: 26 May 2022 06:55 AM PDT Scientists have fabricated a nanoparticle to deliver an inhibitor to brain tumor in mouse models, where the drug successfully turned on the immune system to eliminate the cancer. The process also triggered immune memory so that a reintroduced tumor was eliminated--a sign that this potential new approach could not only treat brain tumors but prevent or delay recurrences. |
| Agriculture tech use opens possibility of digital havoc Posted: 26 May 2022 06:55 AM PDT Wide-ranging use of smart technologies is raising global agricultural production but international researchers warn this digital-age phenomenon could reap a crop of another kind -- cybersecurity attacks. Complex IT and math modelling has highlighted the risks. |
| New non-radioactive, neutral reagent reveals viruses in clear detail Posted: 26 May 2022 06:55 AM PDT Researchers have demonstrated the benefits of a new non-radioactive, neutral negative staining reagent by imaging viruses at nanometer-scale. The salt-presenting reagent is a structurally stable and neutral molecule with a longer shelf life and less procurement restrictions than the conventionally used reagent, uranyl acetate. |
| Perplexing fish-like fossil finally classified Posted: 26 May 2022 06:55 AM PDT For the first time since its discovery 130 years ago one of the most mysterious fossil vertebrates has finally been classified, increasing our possible understanding of the first animals to crawl on Earth. |
| More young people begin recreational cannabis use illegally in states that legalize it Posted: 26 May 2022 06:55 AM PDT Once a state legalizes recreational cannabis and increase in youth using it illegally occurs, report researchers. |
| Wealthiest homeowners most at risk of wildfire hazard Posted: 26 May 2022 06:55 AM PDT The top ten per cent most valuable homes in the western United States are 70% more likely to be in high wildfire hazard areas than median-value properties, according to a new study. |
| Helping submersibles navigate more safely in shallow water Posted: 26 May 2022 06:55 AM PDT Researchers propose a process for improving the accuracy of acoustic positioning in shallow water using a mathematical method for removing the reflected waves. This work may lead to the safer navigation of submarines and divers in ports and other narrow waters. |
| People must be 'heart' of climate action Posted: 26 May 2022 06:55 AM PDT Tackling the climate crisis can only be achieved by 'placing people at the heart of climate action', researchers say. |
| Decline of diatoms due to ocean acidification Posted: 25 May 2022 03:26 PM PDT Diatoms are the most important producers of plant biomass in the ocean and help to transport carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere into the deep ocean and thus regulate our climate. Because diatoms rely on silica rather than calcium carbonate to build their shells, they were previously thought to benefit from ocean acidification -- a chemical change in seawater triggered by the increasing uptake of CO2 that makes calcification more difficult. Scientists now show that diatoms, which are a type of plankton, are also affected. Analyses of data from field experiments and model simulations suggest that ocean acidification could drastically reduce diatom populations. |
| Researchers identify biomarker panel that could help predict gestational diabetes in early pregnancy Posted: 25 May 2022 03:26 PM PDT Researchers have taken the initial step in identifying what may be an effective way to detect gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) earlier in pregnancy, potentially improving diagnosis and treatment for what is the most common disorder of pregnancy. |
| Seven healthy habits linked to lower risk of dementia in those with genetic risk Posted: 25 May 2022 01:38 PM PDT Seven healthy habits and lifestyle factors may play a role in lowering the risk of dementia in people with the highest genetic risk, according to new research. |
| Researchers use CRISPR technology to modify starches in potatoes Posted: 25 May 2022 01:37 PM PDT Humble potatoes are a rich source not only of dietary carbohydrates for humans, but also of starches for numerous industrial applications. Scientists are learning how to alter the ratio of potatoes' two starch molecules -- amylose and amylopectin -- to increase both culinary and industrial applications. |
| Missing link between Alzheimer's and vascular disease found? Posted: 25 May 2022 01:37 PM PDT A gene called FMNL2 may explain why people with hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, or obesity have a greater risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. |
| Common prostate cancer medications may be less safe than previously thought Posted: 25 May 2022 12:17 PM PDT Men taking either of the two most common oral medications for advanced prostate cancer who had also undergone hormone therapy to treat their disease were at higher risk of serious metabolic or cardiovascular issues than patients who were only receiving hormone therapy, researchers found. |
| Bat brains organized for echolocation and flight Posted: 25 May 2022 12:17 PM PDT A new study shows how the brains of Egyptian fruit bats are highly specialized for echolocation and flight, with motor areas of the cerebral cortex that are dedicated to sonar production and wing control. |
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