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| Posted: 29 Jun 2022 12:03 PM PDT A large multicenter, randomized clinical trial revealed no difference in the risk of endotracheal intubation requirement at 30 days between awake prone positioning and standard positioning for patients with COVID-19 who suffered from acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. |
| Study reveals the job problems contributing to physician suicide Posted: 29 Jun 2022 12:03 PM PDT Physical and mental health, substance use, relationships, legal matters and finances all contribute to physician suicide, a new study shows. |
| Researchers identify the microbes in 100-year-old snail guts Posted: 29 Jun 2022 12:03 PM PDT The gut 'microbiomes' of long-dead animals could give researchers surprising insights into how climate change and other factors have shaped the Rocky Mountains and other ecosystems over decades. |
| Asteroids: Researchers simulate defense of Earth Posted: 29 Jun 2022 12:03 PM PDT NASA's Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission is the world's first full-scale planetary defense test against potential asteroid impacts on Earth. Researchers now show that instead of leaving behind a relatively small crater, the impact of the DART spacecraft on its target could leave the asteroid near unrecognizable. |
| An engaging leadership style may boost employee engagement Posted: 29 Jun 2022 12:02 PM PDT A new analysis suggests that a particular leadership style dubbed 'engaging leadership' can boost employees' engagement and enhance team effectiveness within the workplace. |
| Underwater jars reveal Roman period winemaking practices Posted: 29 Jun 2022 12:02 PM PDT Winemaking practices in coastal Italy during the Roman period involved using native grapes for making wine in jars waterproofed with imported tar pitch, according to a new study. |
| Pollution exposure associated with multimorbidity risk Posted: 29 Jun 2022 12:01 PM PDT Exposure to the air pollution known as fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with an increased risk of having a cluster of multiple chronic diseases, according to a new study. |
| 'Safety in numbers' tactic keeps Pacific salmon safe from predators Posted: 29 Jun 2022 12:01 PM PDT A new study that leverages historical data has found unique support for a 'safety in numbers' strategy, where Pacific salmon living in larger groups have a lower risk of being eaten by predators. But for some salmon species, schooling comes at the cost of competition for food, and those fish may trade safety for a meal. |
| Could carbon monoxide foam help fight inflammation? Posted: 29 Jun 2022 12:01 PM PDT A new way to safely deliver carbon monoxide to the body might help fight inflammation. Inspired by molecular gastronomy, researchers incorporated carbon monoxide into foams that can be delivered to the digestive tract. |
| Charismatic songbird's numbers have dramatically declined, survey suggests Posted: 29 Jun 2022 12:01 PM PDT An new study shows the number of evening grosbeaks using the campus as a migration stop-over site has gone down an average of 2.6% per year over the last four decades, emblematic of population declines across the charismatic songbird's range. |
| Artificial intelligence techniques used to obtain antibiotic resistance patterns Posted: 29 Jun 2022 12:01 PM PDT New research analyzes antibiotic resistance patterns, with the aim of finding trends that can help decide which treatment to apply to each type of patient and stop the spread of bacteria. |
| Enzyme of bacterial origin promoted the evolution of longhorned beetles Posted: 29 Jun 2022 09:12 AM PDT Larvae of longhorned beetles develop primarily in woody tissue, which is difficult for most organisms to digest. However, longhorned beetle larvae possess special enzymes to break down the various components of the plant cell wall. Researchers have now taken a closer look at a group of digestive enzymes found only in this beetle family. They resurrected the primordial enzymes, which first appeared in a common ancestor of longhorned beetles. Horizontal gene transfer from bacteria to the beetle as well as ancient and recent gene duplications promoted the evolution of this family of digestive enzymes and enabled longhorned beetles to degrade the main components of the plant cell wall, which make the bulk of their diet. |
| Changes in oceanographic fronts affect the gene flow among marine crab populations Posted: 29 Jun 2022 09:12 AM PDT In the Mediterranean and the Atlantic, the intensity and location of the oceanographic fronts that limit the gene connectivity among populations of marine crabs vary over time. These dynamic changes alter the gene structure of the populations of marine crabs of commercial and gastronomic interest. |
| Posted: 29 Jun 2022 09:12 AM PDT Companies selling ethical and sustainable products should use up-tempo major mode music in their marketing to help well-meaning consumers convert their good intentions into actual purchases, new research shows. |
| Underground carnivore: the first species of pitcher plant to dine on subterranean prey Posted: 29 Jun 2022 09:12 AM PDT A remarkable new species of carnivorous plant was discovered in a remote part of Borneo. It is the first pitcher plant known to produce functional underground traps, and the first for which capture of subterranean prey has been observed. While the traps themselves are often a rich maroon colour, they are produced on shoots that are entirely white, owing to their lack of chlorophyll. |
| Thawing permafrost is shaping the global climate Posted: 29 Jun 2022 09:11 AM PDT How is climate change affecting the permanently frozen soils of the Arctic? What will the consequences be for the global climate, human beings, and ecosystems? And what can be done to stop it? |
| A new personalized treatment concept to prevent colitis in a mouse model Posted: 29 Jun 2022 09:11 AM PDT A new oral treatment for ulcerative colitis that focuses on reducing inflammation in gut microbiota has been developed by researchers. |
| Being mindful can improve your interactions with co-workers, new study finds Posted: 29 Jun 2022 09:11 AM PDT Although mindfulness originates within an individual, a new study has found the benefits do not end with this person. The real payoffs emerge when an individual's mindfulness is translated into mindful interactions and relationships. Such interactions -- infused with intentionality, compassion and presence -- can bring about more harmonious and healthy organizations. |
| Monitoring COVID-19: Could medicine found in wastewater provide an early warning? Posted: 29 Jun 2022 09:11 AM PDT Research on wastewater finds that a large spike in acetaminophen preceded a spike in viral RNA during one COVID-19 wave in Western New York. |
| Researchers identify important factors for regulating the body's immune response Posted: 29 Jun 2022 09:11 AM PDT Researchers are learning more about how special regulatory T cells can impact the immune system's response and how those cells could be manipulated for potential treatments for food allergies and autoimmune disease. |
| Climate change is making plants more vulnerable to disease. New research could help them fight back Posted: 29 Jun 2022 09:11 AM PDT When heat waves hit, they don't just take a toll on people -- plants suffer too. That's because when temperatures rise, certain plant defenses don't work as well, leaving them more susceptible to attacks from pathogens and pests. Scientists say they have identified a specific protein in plant cells that explains why immunity falters as the mercury rises. They've also figured out a way to bolster plant defenses against the heat. |
| Ice Age wolf DNA reveals dogs trace ancestry to two separate wolf populations Posted: 29 Jun 2022 09:11 AM PDT An international group of geneticists and archaeologists have found that the ancestry of dogs can be traced to at least two populations of ancient wolves. The work moves us a step closer to uncovering the mystery of where dogs underwent domestication, one of the biggest unanswered questions about human prehistory. |
| Destruction and recovery of kelp forests driven by changes in sea urchin behavior Posted: 29 Jun 2022 09:11 AM PDT A dramatic outbreak of kelp-eating sea urchins along the Central Coast of California in 2014, leading to a significant reduction in the region's kelp forests, was driven primarily by the emergence of sea urchins from their hiding places rather than an increase in the urchin population. In subsequent years, sea urchin movements enabled kelp forest recovery at sites that had been denuded 'urchin barrens.' Those are among the key findings of a long-term study of sea urchins and kelp forest dynamics in Monterey Bay. |
| RNA modifications in mitochondria promote invasive spread of cancer Posted: 29 Jun 2022 09:11 AM PDT Mitochondria are the power plants of cells, and they contain their own genetic material and RNA molecules. Scientists have now discovered that certain modifications in mitochondrial RNA boost the invasive spread of cancer cells by supporting protein synthesis in mitochondria. They have established that a specific gene expression signature correlating with high levels of mitochondrial RNA modifications is associated with metastasis and poor prognosis in patients with head and neck cancer. When the researchers blocked the responsible RNA modifying enzyme in cancer cells, the number of metastases was reduced. Certain antibiotics that suppress protein synthesis in mitochondria were also able to prevent the invasive spread of cancer cells in laboratory experiments. |
| Scientists discover mechanism controlling spread of pancreatic cancer Posted: 29 Jun 2022 09:11 AM PDT Scientists have shown it is possible to reverse a key process that allows pancreatic cancer cells to grow and spread around the body. These findings show that a protein called GREM1 is key to regulating the type of cells found in pancreatic cancer -- and manipulating its levels can both fuel and reverse the ability of these cells to change into a more aggressive subtype. Researchers hope, in the future, to use this knowledge to find ways to reverse more advanced pancreatic cancer into a less aggressive form, which is easier to treat. |
| How flies lay off the extra salty snacks Posted: 29 Jun 2022 09:11 AM PDT Fruit flies are known for their sweet tooth, but new research also indicates they may offer hints to how animals sense -- and avoid -- high concentrations of salt. Using mutant fruit flies, zoologists have identified a new high-salt receptor on the tongue of Drosophila -- receptor IR7c. IR7c governs the insects' ability to detect dangerously high concentrations of salt, typically over 0.25 moles per liter, or about half as salty as sea water. |
| New single-mode semiconductor laser delivers power with scalability Posted: 29 Jun 2022 09:11 AM PDT Engineers have created a new type of semiconductor laser that accomplishes an elusive goal in the field of optics: the ability to maintain a single mode of emitted light while maintaining the ability to scale up in size and power. It is an achievement that means size does not have to come at the expense of coherence, enabling lasers to be more powerful and to cover longer distances for many applications. |
| Falling stardust, wobbly jets explain blinking gamma ray bursts Posted: 29 Jun 2022 09:11 AM PDT Astrophysicists have developed the first 3D simulation of the entire evolution of a jet -- from its birth by a rotating black hole to its emission far from the collapsing star. Simulation shows that as the star collapses, its material falls on the disk that swirls around the black hole. This falling material tilts the disk, and, in turn, tilts the jet, which wobbles as it struggles to return to its original trajectory. The wobbling jet explains the longstanding mystery of why gamma ray bursts blink and shows that these bursts are even rarer than previously thought. |
| SARS-CoV-2 study on mechanisms involved in alveolar infection Posted: 29 Jun 2022 09:11 AM PDT Researchers have simulated SARS-CoV-2 infection in human lungs, thereby generating key insights into the mechanisms involved. Using cultured lung tissue samples, the researchers showed that the virus responsible for COVID-19 has only limited capacity for directly infecting cells within human alveoli. The majority of viruses which reach the lungs are ingested by macrophages (cells of the innate immune system). Ingestion activates a targeted anti-viral immune response within these immune cells. |
| The emergence of form: New study expands horizons for DNA nanotechnology Posted: 29 Jun 2022 09:10 AM PDT Researchers explore a basic building block used in the fabrication of many DNA nanoforms. Known as a Holliday junction, this nexus of two segments of double stranded DNA has been used to form elaborate, self-assembling crystal lattices at the nanometer scale, (or roughly 1/75,000th the width of a human hair). |
| Skin's protective chains uncovered Posted: 29 Jun 2022 09:10 AM PDT The skin's top layer contains a diverse set of hundreds of lipid molecules called ceramides with varying chain lengths that play a vital role in its barrier function. |
| Dissolving the problem: Organic vapor induces dissolution of molecular salts Posted: 29 Jun 2022 09:09 AM PDT Researchers have found that organic vapor can dissolve molecular salts in a phenomenon known as organic deliquescence. Similar to how water vapor can induce deliquescence of compounds like calcium chloride, this phenomenon will be useful for developing methods for capturing harmful volatile organic compounds (VOCs). There is an urgent need to remove them from indoor environments, particularly industrial facilities, where concentrations are highest. |
| Posted: 29 Jun 2022 07:23 AM PDT In a study of eye fluid from 38 patients, researchers say they have found that levels of a specific protein appears to help accurately predict whether people with the wet form of age-related macular degeneration may need lifelong, frequent eye injections to preserve vision or if they can be safely weaned off the treatments. |
| Off-shelf glucose monitors prove accurate for dialysis patients Posted: 29 Jun 2022 07:22 AM PDT New research reveals that a factory-calibrated continuous glucose monitor (CGM) may be sufficiently accurate for use by people on dialysis, a group often plagued by dangerous swings in blood-sugar levels. |
| Tracking a levitated nanoparticle with a mirror Posted: 29 Jun 2022 07:22 AM PDT Sensing with levitated nanoparticles has so far been limited by the precision of position measurements. Now, researchers have demonstrated a new method for optical interferometry in which light scattered by a particle is reflected by a mirror. This opens up new possibilities for using levitated particles as sensors, in particular, in quantum regimes. |
| Combining genetics and brain MRI can aid in predicting chances of Alzheimer's disease Posted: 29 Jun 2022 05:40 AM PDT Researchers are studying how a combination of genetics and brain MRIs may be used to predict the chances of developing Alzheimer's disease in the future. |
| Targeting a human protein to squash SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses Posted: 29 Jun 2022 05:40 AM PDT Scientists report that apratoxin S4, an anticancer drug candidate that targets a human protein, can interfere with the replication of many viruses, including SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A, offering a possible pan-viral therapy. |
| Limiting global warming to 1.5°C would reduce risks to humans by up to 85% Posted: 29 Jun 2022 05:40 AM PDT New research quantifies the benefits of limiting global warming to 1.5°C and identifies the hotspot regions for climate change risk in the future. |
| Sleep added to cardiovascular health checklist Posted: 29 Jun 2022 05:40 AM PDT American Heart Association's checklist to measure cardiovascular health is updated, now called Life's Essential 8™, adding healthy sleep as essential for optimal cardiovascular health. Other health and lifestyle factors in the checklist, which were part of the previous, 7-item scoring tool, are nicotine exposure, physical activity, diet, weight, blood glucose, cholesterol and blood pressure. The new sleep metric suggests 7-9 hours of sleep daily for optimal cardiovascular health for adults, and more for children depending on age. |
| Only 1 in 5 people in the U.S. has optimal heart health Posted: 29 Jun 2022 05:40 AM PDT Researchers found the U.S. population is well below optimal levels of cardiovascular health after applying the Life's Essential 8™ cardiovascular health scoring, the American Heart Association's updated metrics to measure heart and brain health. Life's Essential 8™ scoring was calculated using data from more than 23,400 adults and children from national health surveys from 2013-2018. Results show 80% of people in the U.S. have below-optimal cardiovascular health, and scores differed significantly according to age, gender, race/ethnicity, family income and depression status. |
| Who trusts gene-edited foods? New study gauges public acceptance Posted: 28 Jun 2022 02:02 PM PDT Researchers surveyed a nationally representative sample of 2,000 U.S. residents to gauge public acceptance of gene-edited foods. Social factors like food beliefs and trust in institutions played a big role in the participants' willingness to eat or actively avoid products made with gene-editing technologies. |
| Mantle cell lymphoma treatment varies according to setting Posted: 28 Jun 2022 02:01 PM PDT There is considerable variation in the management of mantle cell lymphoma across different clinical settings, and some strategies do not always conform with what might be expected, according to a recent analysis. |
| Robot overcomes uncertainty to retrieve buried objects Posted: 28 Jun 2022 02:01 PM PDT FuseBot is a new robotic system that fuses visual information and radio-frequency signals to efficiently find hidden items buried under a pile of objects, whether or not the targeted item has an RFID tag. |
| No more binge eating: Signal pathway in the brain that controls food intake discovered Posted: 28 Jun 2022 02:01 PM PDT Researchers have developed a novel approach to treating eating disorders. The scientists showed that a group of nerve cells in the hypothalamus (so-called AgRP, agouti-related peptide neurons) control the release of endogenous lysophospholipids, which in turn control the excitability of nerve cells in the cerebral cortex, which stimulates food intake. |
| New study investigates the microbiomes of dogs around the world Posted: 28 Jun 2022 02:01 PM PDT In a new study, researchers have sampled the fecal microbiomes across diverse geographical populations of dogs to better understand what they look like around the world. |
| Chemical risk assessment not up to par, researchers say Posted: 28 Jun 2022 02:01 PM PDT The current system of chemical risk assessment is inadequate and underestimates levels of flame retardants and other pollutants needed to cause harmful health effects, according to a recent analysis. |
| Is there a right-handed version of our left-handed universe? Posted: 28 Jun 2022 02:01 PM PDT To solve a long-standing puzzle about how long a neutron can 'live' outside an atomic nucleus, physicists entertained a wild but testable theory positing the existence of a right-handed version of our left-handed universe. They designed a mind-bending experiment to try to detect a particle that has been speculated but not spotted. If found, the theorized 'mirror neutron' -- a dark-matter twin to the neutron -- could explain a discrepancy between answers from two types of neutron lifetime experiments and provide the first observation of dark matter. |
| Double duty: Early research reveals how a single drug delivers twice the impact in fragile X Posted: 28 Jun 2022 02:01 PM PDT A new study shows how two major pathways -- AKT and NMD (nonsense-mediated mRNA decay) -- interact in the context of fragile X syndrome. Researchers also found that Afuresertib, a drug currently being tested in phase 1 and 2 clinical trials for several types of cancer, inhibits both pathways in neural stem cells that mimic the disease, leading the cells to act more like typical, non-disease cells. |
| Dynamic cells linked to brain tumor growth and recurrence Posted: 28 Jun 2022 02:01 PM PDT Researchers have discovered that aggressive tumors contain highly active cells that move throughout tissue in complicated patterns. What's more, the accumulations of these elongated, spindle-like cells found throughout the tumor, coined 'oncostreams,' serve as the basis for cancerous cells' behavior, determining how tumors grow and invade normal tissue. |
| Chemicals in Fairbanks winter air Posted: 28 Jun 2022 11:46 AM PDT A chemical compound discovered in 2019 in Fairbanks' wintertime air accounts for a significant portion of the community's fine particulate pollution, according to new research that seeks to better understand the causes and makeup of the dirty air. The finding is the first measurement of how much hydroxymethanesulfonate, or HMS, is in Fairbanks' air. |
| Many pain medications can be used for spine-related pain in older adults Posted: 28 Jun 2022 11:46 AM PDT Now a new review study has found acetaminophen is safe in older adults, but non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (ibuprofen) may be more effective for spine-related pain. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatories should be used short-term in lower dose courses with gastrointestinal precaution while corticosteroids show the least evidence for treating nonspecific back pain. |
| Identifying bird species by sound, the BirdNET app opens new avenues for citizen science Posted: 28 Jun 2022 11:05 AM PDT The BirdNET app, a free machine-learning powered tool that can identify over 3,000 birds by sound alone, generates reliable scientific data and makes it easier for people to contribute citizen-science data on birds by simply recording sounds. |
| Strategies beyond recycling to bolster circular economy for solar and battery technologies Posted: 28 Jun 2022 10:39 AM PDT In a new comprehensive literature review, researchers have discovered that alternatives to recycling may have untapped potential to build an effective circular economy for solar photovoltaic (PV) and battery technologies. These alternative strategies, such as reducing the use of virgin materials in manufacturing, reusing for new applications, and extending product life spans, may provide new paths to building sustainable product life cycles. |
| Role identified for key gene in developmental disability syndrome Posted: 28 Jun 2022 10:39 AM PDT A single gene that was previously found to be the driving force in a rare syndrome linked to epilepsy, autism and developmental disability has been identified as a linchpin in the formation of healthy neurons. Researchers say the gene, DDX3X, forms a cellular machine called a helicase, whose job it is to split open the hairpins and cul-de-sacs of RNA so that its code can be read by the protein-making machinery of the cell. |
| Scientists identify new brain mechanism involved in impulsive cocaine-seeking in rats Posted: 28 Jun 2022 10:39 AM PDT Researchers have found that blocking certain acetylcholine receptors in the lateral habenula (LHb), an area of the brain that balances reward and aversion, made it harder to resist seeking cocaine in a rat model of impulsive behavior. These findings identify a new role for these receptors that may represent a future target for the development of treatments for cocaine use disorder. There are currently no approved medications to treat cocaine use disorder. |
| How to MRI your dragon: Researchers develop first bearded dragon brain atlas Posted: 28 Jun 2022 08:34 AM PDT Researchers have performed MRI scans on bearded dragons to generate a high-resolution map of regions in the creatures' brains. |
| Maternal mortality jumped during COVID-19 pandemic Posted: 28 Jun 2022 08:34 AM PDT Researchers compared maternal mortality data from 2018-March 2020, when the pandemic began, to April-December 2020. Overall, they found large increases in maternal death (33%) and late maternal deaths (41%) after March 2020 compared with before the pandemic, and conspicuous increases among Black and Hispanic mothers. |
| Highly effective memory B cells localized in the lungs Posted: 28 Jun 2022 08:34 AM PDT How can we increase the efficacy of vaccines used to protect against viral respiratory diseases such as influenza and COVID-19? Scientists are opening up new prospects in the field, with the triggering of memory B cells directly in the lungs looking to be a promising avenue. At present, the vaccines are administered intramuscularly and do not trigger the appearance of these cell populations. |
| Investigating positron scattering from giant molecular targets Posted: 28 Jun 2022 08:34 AM PDT New research looks at positron scattering from rare gas atoms encapsulated in carbon 60 to investigate quantum properties that can't be tested with electrons. |
| New biobatteries use bacterial interactions to generate power for weeks Posted: 28 Jun 2022 08:33 AM PDT Researchers have developed a 'plug-and-play' biobattery that lasts for weeks at a time and can be stacked to improve output voltage and current. |
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