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| Research reveals structure of a human endogenous reverse transcriptase Posted: 30 Jun 2022 01:47 PM PDT The crystal structure of a human endogenous reverse transcriptase has similarities to HIV reverse transcriptase, a well-known tractable drug target, which will help design drugs to treat cancer and other diseases, according to a study co-authored by a Rutgers researcher. |
| Bacteria for blastoff: Using microbes to make supercharged new rocket fuel Posted: 30 Jun 2022 01:00 PM PDT Biofuel scientists used an oddball molecule made by bacteria to develop a new class of sustainable biofuels powerful enough to launch rockets. The candidate molecules have greater projected energy density than any petroleum product, including the leading aviation and rocket fuels, JetA and RP-1. |
| Researchers discover new leukemia-killing compounds Posted: 30 Jun 2022 01:00 PM PDT Researchers have discovered potential new drugs that target mitochondria in cancer cells. Their study in the journal Leukemia describes the compounds' potential for killing leukemia cells when administered by themselves or in combination with other chemotherapies. |
| Gemini North spies ultra-faint fossil galaxy discovered on outskirts of Andromeda Posted: 30 Jun 2022 01:00 PM PDT An unusual ultra-faint dwarf galaxy has been discovered on the outer fringes of the Andromeda Galaxy thanks to the sharp eyes of an amateur astronomer. Follow-up by professional astronomers revealed that the dwarf galaxy -- Pegasus V -- contains very few heavier elements and is likely to be a fossil of the first galaxies. |
| Borrowed gene helps maize adapt to high elevations, cold temperatures Posted: 30 Jun 2022 01:00 PM PDT An important gene in maize called HPC1 modulates certain chemical processes that contribute to flowering time, and has its origins in 'teosinte mexicana,' a precursor to modern-day corn that grows wild in the highlands of Mexico. The findings provide insight into plant evolution and trait selection, and could have implications for corn and other crops' adaptation to low temperatures. |
| California's Dixie Fire shows impact of legacy effects, prescribed burns Posted: 30 Jun 2022 01:00 PM PDT The 2021 Dixie Fire burned over nearly 1 million acres in California and cost $637 million to suppress, making it the largest and most expensive wildfire to contain in state history. Fire history largely determined how severely the wildfire burned, and low-severity fire treatments had the largest impact on reducing the worst effects of the fire, according to a research team. |
| The hawk has landed: Braking mid-air to prioritize safety over energy or speed Posted: 30 Jun 2022 11:22 AM PDT New research using computer simulations and Hollywood-style motion capture shows how birds optimize their landing maneuvers for an accurate descent. |
| Signaling molecule potently stimulates hair growth Posted: 30 Jun 2022 11:22 AM PDT Researchers have discovered that a signaling molecule called SCUBE3 potently stimulates hair growth and may offer a therapeutic treatment for androgenetic alopecia, a common form of hair loss in both women and men. |
| Developmentally arrested IVF embryos can be coaxed to divide Posted: 30 Jun 2022 11:22 AM PDT Why do two-thirds of in vitro fertilization (IVF) embryos go into developmental arrest? A new study shows that many embryos stored for IVF undergo characteristic genetic and metabolic changes that inhibit development. These results help explain the loss of developmental ability of many harvested embryos, and may point to strategies for increasing the proportion of developmentally competent embryos. |
| Scientists engineer synthetic DNA to study 'architect' genes Posted: 30 Jun 2022 11:21 AM PDT Researchers have created artificial Hox genes -- which plan and direct where cells go to develop tissues or organs -- using new synthetic DNA technology and genomic engineering in stem cells. Their findings confirm how clusters of Hox genes help cells to learn and remember where they are in the body. |
| Dissolving implantable device relieves pain without drugs Posted: 30 Jun 2022 11:21 AM PDT Researchers have developed a small, soft, flexible implant that relieves pain on demand and without the use of drugs. The first-of-its-kind device could provide a much-needed alternative to opioids and other highly addictive medications. It works by softly wrapping around nerves to deliver precise, targeted cooling, which numbs nerves and blocks pain signals to the brain. After the device is no longer needed, it naturally absorbs into the body -- bypassing the need for surgical extraction. |
| Sleep triggered by stress can help mice cope with later anxiety Posted: 30 Jun 2022 11:21 AM PDT Stress boosts a kind of sleep in mice that subsequently relieves anxiety, according to new research that also pinpoints the mechanism responsible. |
| Cosmological thinking meets neuroscience in new theory about brain connections Posted: 30 Jun 2022 10:48 AM PDT A collaboration between a former cosmologist and a computational neuroscientist generates a new way to identify essential connections between brain cells. |
| Optical fiber imaging method advances studies of Alzheimer's disease Posted: 30 Jun 2022 10:48 AM PDT An optical fiber as thin as a strand of hair holds promise for use in minimally invasive deep-tissue studies of patients' brains that show the effects Alzheimer's disease and other brain disorders. The challenge is efficiently increasing image resolution at the subcellular level, because loss of information is inevitable from light scrambling. |
| New flood maps clarify the risk homeowners face Posted: 30 Jun 2022 10:48 AM PDT Flooding in urban areas cost Americans more than $106 billion between 1960 and 2016, damaging property, disrupting businesses and claiming lives in the process. Now, new research outlines a simplified, cost-effective method for developing flood maps that reflects the uncertainty in flood predictions. |
| Building explainability into the components of machine-learning models Posted: 30 Jun 2022 10:48 AM PDT Researchers have created a taxonomy and outlined steps that developers can take to design features in machine-learning models that are easier for decision-makers to understand. |
| How bacteria adhere to cells: Basis for the development of a new class of antibiotics Posted: 30 Jun 2022 08:45 AM PDT Researchers have unraveled how bacteria adhere to host cells and thus taken the first step towards developing a new class of antibiotics. |
| Breaking AIs to make them better Posted: 30 Jun 2022 08:45 AM PDT Current AIs are very accurate but inflexible at image recognition. Exactly why this is remains a mystery. Researchers have developed a method called 'Raw Zero-Shot' to assess how neural networks handle elements unknown to them. The results have the potential to help researchers identify the common features that make neural networks 'non-robust,' and develop methods to make AIs more reliable. |
| A closer look into the emergence of antibiotic resistance in bioaerosols and its monitoring Posted: 30 Jun 2022 08:45 AM PDT While there are many studies that discuss antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) in soil and water environments, there is currently very little research that focuses on ARG in aerial environments. In a recent review, researchers have analyzed current research trends regarding ARG in bioaerosols, including their sources, methods of detection, and implications for the future. |
| Hidden in caves: Mineral overgrowths reveal 'unprecedented' sea level rise Posted: 30 Jun 2022 08:45 AM PDT Through intricate study of cave deposits in Spain, geologists identified a rapid rise in sea level that started during the Industrial Revolution. |
| Researchers propose widespread banking of stool samples for fecal transplants later in life Posted: 30 Jun 2022 08:45 AM PDT Changes in the way that humans live and eat have resulted in tremendous alterations in the gut microbiome, especially over the past few decades. These changes have been linked to increased rates of asthma, allergies, diseases of the digestive system, type 2 diabetes, and other conditions. Scientists propose that we can combat these trends by having individuals bank samples of their own gut microbiota when they are young and healthy for potential use later in life in an autologous fecal microbiota transplant (FMT). |
| Some viruses make you smell tastier to mosquitoes Posted: 30 Jun 2022 08:45 AM PDT Zika and dengue fever viruses alter the scent of mice and humans they infect, a team of researchers report. The altered scent attracts mosquitoes, which bite the host, drink their infected blood and then carry the virus to its next victim. |
| How pandas survive solely on bamboo: Evolutionary history Posted: 30 Jun 2022 08:44 AM PDT An ancient fossil reveals the earliest panda to survive solely on bamboo and the evolutionary history of panda's false thumbs. |
| Activating the indicator and performing a shoulder check -- essential also for zebra finches Posted: 30 Jun 2022 08:44 AM PDT Zebra finches communicate via eye contact and calls to coordinate their spatial positions during flocking flight |
| Common gene used to profile microbial communities Posted: 30 Jun 2022 08:44 AM PDT Computer scientists develop Emu, an algorithm that uses long reads of genomes to identify the species of bacteria in a community. The program could simplify sorting harmful from helpful bacteria in microbiomes like those in the gut or in agriculture and the environment. |
| Climate change in oceanwater may impact mangrove dispersal, study finds Posted: 30 Jun 2022 08:44 AM PDT Researchers examined 21st century changes in ocean-surface temperature, salinity, and density, across mangrove forests worldwide. Their study suggests that changes in surface-ocean density may impact the dispersal patterns of widely distributed mangroves species, and more likely so in the Indo-West Pacific region, the primary hotspot of mangrove diversity. |
| Laser writing may enable 'electronic nose' for multi-gas sensor Posted: 30 Jun 2022 06:57 AM PDT Environmental sensors are a step closer to simultaneously sniffing out multiple gases that could indicate disease or pollution. Researchers combined laser writing and responsive sensor technologies to fabricate the first highly customizable microscale gas sensing devices. |
| Posted: 30 Jun 2022 06:57 AM PDT New research highlights how the risk of wildfire is rising globally due to climate change -- but also, how human actions and policies can play a critical role in regulating regional impacts. The study shows that anthropogenic climate change is a 'push' factor that enhances the risk of wildfires globally. |
| Pioneering recycling turns mixed waste into premium plastics with no climate impact Posted: 30 Jun 2022 05:33 AM PDT Only a fraction of the material that could be turned into new plastic is currently recycled. Researchers have now demonstrated how the carbon atoms in mixed waste can replace all fossil raw materials in the production of new plastic. The recycling method is inspired by the natural carbon cycle and could eliminate the climate impact of plastic materials, or even clean the air of carbon dioxide. |
| Powerful links between methane and climate change Posted: 30 Jun 2022 05:33 AM PDT Using data gathered over the last four decades to study the effects of temperature changes and rain on the atmospheric concentration of methane, scientists have concluded that Earth could be both delivering more, and removing less, methane into the air than previously estimated, with the result that more heat is being trapped in the atmosphere. The study, published in the scientific journal Nature Communications on 23 June, addresses the large uncertainty about the impact of climate change on atmospheric methane. The study finds that this impact could be four times greater than that estimated in the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report. |
| The mere sight of a meal triggers an inflammatory response in the brain Posted: 30 Jun 2022 05:32 AM PDT Even before carbohydrates reach the bloodstream, the very sight and smell of a meal trigger the release of insulin. For the first time, researchers have shown that this insulin release depends on a short-term inflammatory response that takes place in these circumstances. In overweight individuals, however, this inflammatory response is so excessive that it can impair insulin secretion. |
| The pair of Orcas deterring Great White Sharks Posted: 29 Jun 2022 05:29 PM PDT A pair of Orca (Killer Whales) that have been terrorizing and killing Great White Sharks off the coast of South Africa since 2017 has managed to drive large numbers of the sharks from their natural aggregation site. |
| Capturing an elusive shadow: State-by-state gun ownership Posted: 29 Jun 2022 01:11 PM PDT In a new study, researchers describe a spatio-temporal model to predict trends in firearm prevalence on a state-by-state level by fusing data from two available proxies -- background checks per capita and suicides committed with a firearm in a given state. Calibrating their results with yearly survey data, they determined that the two proxies can be simultaneously considered to draw precise information regarding firearm ownership. |
| Romantic partners can influence each other's beliefs and behaviors on climate change Posted: 29 Jun 2022 01:11 PM PDT A team of researchers surveyed couples about their ideas on climate change and found that while many partners exhibited similar beliefs and behaviors around the issue, there also were many discrepancies. |
| Shining some light on the obscure proteome Posted: 29 Jun 2022 01:10 PM PDT Mass-spectrometry based proteomics is the big-data science of proteins that allows the monitoring of the abundance of thousands of proteins in a sample at once. Therefore, it is a particularly well-suited readout for discovering which proteins are targeted by any small molecule. An international research team has investigated this using chemical proteomics. |
| Study finds women have more brain changes after menopause Posted: 29 Jun 2022 01:09 PM PDT Women who have gone through menopause may have more of a brain biomarker called white matter hyperintensities than premenopausal women or men of the same age, according to a new study. |
| Organoids reveal similarities between myotonic dystrophy type 1 and Rett syndrome Posted: 29 Jun 2022 12:03 PM PDT Using brain organoids, researchers discover mutational commonalities between muscular dystrophy type 1 and Rett syndrome, suggesting the potential of a similar treatment for both. |
| Immune cells anchored in tissues offer unique defenses against pathogens and cancers Posted: 29 Jun 2022 12:03 PM PDT Researchers have gained ground in understanding unique immune cells equipped to remember the identities of malicious invaders. The researchers developed a new atlas that describes tissue-resident memory T cells in diverse tissue settings, boosting the prospects of the development of immune defense strategies to enhance immunity at sites vulnerable to infection. |
| 'Fake' data helps robots learn the ropes faster Posted: 29 Jun 2022 12:03 PM PDT In a step toward robots that can learn on the fly like humans do, a new approach expands training data sets for robots that work with soft objects like ropes and fabrics, or in cluttered environments. |
| New clues on unsolved genetic diseases in children Posted: 29 Jun 2022 12:03 PM PDT Scientists have discovered a new way to interpret unsolved Mendelian diseases -- diseases inherited from either parent due to gene mutations in the developing egg or sperm -- through studying the inheritance of a protein known as SMCHD1 which is coded by the SMCHD1 gene. |
| Norovirus and other 'stomach viruses' can spread through saliva Posted: 29 Jun 2022 12:03 PM PDT A class of viruses known to cause severe diarrheal diseases -- including the one famous for widespread outbreaks on cruise ships -- can grow in the salivary glands of mice and spread through their saliva, scientists have discovered. The findings show that a new route of transmission exists for these common viruses, which afflict billions of people each year worldwide and can be deadly. |
| Posted: 29 Jun 2022 12:03 PM PDT Researchers have trained new mothers in skills that help newborns sleep more during the night. New research shows that second children in these families also slept longer. |
| Researchers develop online portal to show how biases in RNA sequences affect gene expression Posted: 29 Jun 2022 12:03 PM PDT Researchers explain the importance of identifying and understanding how differences between tissues and cells alter gene expression without changing the underlying genetic code. |
| 'Quake brain' effects suffered by resilient Cantabrians fade over time Posted: 29 Jun 2022 12:03 PM PDT New research suggests the brain function of otherwise-healthy individuals exposed to event trauma has the ability to 'bounce back' over time once the threat resolves. Researchers conducted a follow-up study on a group of Cantabrians, who had been exposed to trauma during the region's earthquakes over a decade ago. |
| Posted: 29 Jun 2022 12:03 PM PDT A new study is helping researchers understand how women in their early college years can use friends-based strategies to help avoid unwanted sexual experiences. |
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