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ScienceDaily: Plants & Animals News |
| Force transmission between cells orchestrates collective cellular motion Posted: 23 Apr 2021 10:02 AM PDT How do the billions of cells communicate in order to perform tasks? The cells exert force on their environment through movement - and in doing so, they communicate. They work as a group in order to infiltrate their environment, perform wound healing and the like. They sense the stiffness or softness of their surroundings and this helps them connect and organize their collective effort. But when the connection between cells is distrubeddisturbed, a situation just like when cancer is initiated, can appear. |
| Recreating the earliest stages of life Posted: 23 Apr 2021 06:26 AM PDT A group of scientists has now demonstrated the presence of precursors of the placenta and the amniotic sac in synthetic embryos they created from mouse stem cells. |
| Fossils of 'giant cloud rats' discovered in Philippine caves Posted: 23 Apr 2021 05:57 AM PDT Scientists have discovered the fossils of three new species of giant cloud rats that lived alongside ancient humans in the Philippines. These fluffy, squirrel-like creatures may have been a source of food for the ancient humans. |
| Hungry fruit flies are extreme ultramarathon fliers Posted: 22 Apr 2021 03:18 PM PDT New research indicates that the common fruit fly can travel tens of kilometers in a single flight when in search of food. |
| Finding new life for wine-grape residue Posted: 22 Apr 2021 03:18 PM PDT New research finds a wealth of potentially health-enhancing compounds and sugar molecules called oligosaccharides within chardonnay wine-grape pomace. |
| Scientists uncover structure of light-driven enzyme with potential biofuel applications Posted: 22 Apr 2021 12:04 PM PDT Although many organisms capture and respond to sunlight, enzymes - proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions - are rarely driven by light. A new study captures the full cycle of complex structural changes in an enzyme called FAP as it transforms a fatty acid into alkanes or alkenes. |
| Mars has right ingredients for present-day microbial life beneath its surface, study finds Posted: 22 Apr 2021 12:04 PM PDT New research suggests that rocks in the Martian crust could produce the same kind of chemical energy that supports microbial life deep beneath Earth's surface. |
| Anti-aging compound improves muscle glucose metabolism in people Posted: 22 Apr 2021 12:03 PM PDT In the first clinical trial of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), researchers have found that the compound previously demonstrated to counteract aspects of aging and improve metabolic health in mice also has clinically relevant effects in people. |
| Salad or cheeseburger? Your co-workers shape your food choices Posted: 22 Apr 2021 12:03 PM PDT Employees' cafeteria purchases -- both healthy and unhealthy foods -- were influenced by their co-workers' food choices, found a large, two-year study of hospital employees. The study made innovative use of cash register data to gain insights into how individuals' social networks shape their health behavior. The research suggests we might structure future efforts aimed at improving population health by capitalizing on how one person's behavior influences another. |
| MERS DNA vaccine induces immunity, protects from virus challenge in preclinical model Posted: 22 Apr 2021 09:36 AM PDT A synthetic DNA vaccine candidate for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) induced potent immune responses and afforded protective efficacy in non-human primate models when given intradermally in abbreviated, low-dose immunization regimen. |
| Stress test finds cracks in the resistance of harmful hospital bugs Posted: 22 Apr 2021 09:36 AM PDT Research has identified critical factors that enable dangerous bacteria to spread disease by surviving on surfaces in hospitals and kitchens. |
| Scientists provide new insights into the citric acid cycle Posted: 22 Apr 2021 07:28 AM PDT Researchers have new insights into the citric acid cycle: Certain bacteria can use this central metabolic pathway 'backwards', but to do so they must have very high concentrations of the enzyme citrate synthase and of carbon dioxide. This pathway may be a relic from the early development of life. |
| New therapy target for malignant melanomas in dogs Posted: 22 Apr 2021 07:28 AM PDT Scientists have shown that the biological molecule PD-L1 is a potential target for the treatment of metastasized oral malignant melanoma in dogs. |
| Plant provenance influences pollinators Posted: 22 Apr 2021 07:28 AM PDT Insect decline poses challenges for the pollination of wild and cultivated plants. Landscape ecologists have now discovered that the diversity of insects that interact with plant communities is influenced not only by plant species but also by the geographical provenance of seeds. |
| Unlocking Australia's biodiversity, one dataset at a time Posted: 22 Apr 2021 07:28 AM PDT The Atlas of Living Australia (ALA) - Australia's national biodiversity database - uses cutting-edge digital tools to let people share, access and analyze data about local plants, animals and fungi, as well as environmental data like rainfall and temperature. |
| How is a molecular machine assembled? Posted: 22 Apr 2021 06:39 AM PDT The conversion of light into chemical energy by plants and photosynthetic microorganisms is one of the most important processes in nature, removing climate-damaging CO2 from the atmosphere. Protein complexes, so-called photosystems, play the key role in this process. An international research team shed light for the first time on the structure and function of a transition state in the synthesis of photosystem II. |
| Freeze! Executioner protein caught in the act Posted: 22 Apr 2021 06:39 AM PDT A new molecular 'freeze frame' technique has allowed researchers to see key steps in how the protein MLKL kills cells. |
| Monkeys are less cuddly with each other when dealing with an infection, study finds Posted: 21 Apr 2021 01:00 PM PDT Researchers studied wild vervet monkey troops in South Africa, tracking both their social grooming behavior and their parasite load. The results showed evidence that monkeys carrying certain gastrointestinal parasites do not groom others as much as those without the parasite, and that routes of transmission may not be as clear cut as biologists think. |
| Dating in a jungle: Female praying mantises jut out weird pheromone gland to attract mates Posted: 21 Apr 2021 09:46 AM PDT Praying mantises are bizarre insects, yet many aspects of their biology remain unknown. Meanwhile, scientists have discovered that females of a South American species protrude a Y-shaped organ on their backs to release pheromones and attract males. |
| Microplastics affect global nutrient cycle and oxygen levels in the ocean Posted: 21 Apr 2021 09:45 AM PDT The effects of the steadily increasing amount of plastic in the ocean are complex and not yet fully understood. Scientists have now shown for the first time that the uptake of microplastics by zooplankton can have significant effects on the marine ecosystem even at low concentrations. The study indicates that the resulting changes may be responsible for a loss of oxygen in the ocean beyond that caused by global warming. |
| Gaps in genetic knowledge affect kiwi conservation efforts Posted: 21 Apr 2021 05:28 AM PDT Kiwi are iconic birds that have been severely impacted by deforestation and predation from invasive mammals since the arrival of humans in New Zealand. The remaining kiwi can be split into 14 clusters that are now treated as separate conservation management units. A review examines the latest information on kiwi genetics to investigate the legitimacy for maintaining these differences. |
| Certain gut microbes make mosquitoes more prone to carry malaria parasite Posted: 20 Apr 2021 09:15 AM PDT Dietary sugars and gut microbes play a key role in promoting malaria parasite infection in mosquitoes. Researchers have uncovered evidence that mosquitoes fed a sugar diet show an increased abundance of the bacterial species Asaia bogorensis, which enhances parasite infection by raising the gut pH level. |
| Ten ways to ensure bees benefit from the solar power boom Posted: 20 Apr 2021 09:14 AM PDT Researchers assessing the impact of solar energy development across Europe have come up with ten ways in which the expansion of solar can be shaped to ensure pollinators benefit. |
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