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ScienceDaily: Plants & Animals News |
| Free-flight training applied to parrot conservation Posted: 03 Sep 2021 07:01 PM PDT A training technique that has been practiced by parrot owners for decades is now being applied to establishing new bird flocks in the wild. While many parrot owners clip their birds' wings to reduce their flight abilities, free-flight involves training an intact parrot to come when called, follow basic commands, recognize natural dangers, and otherwise safely fly in open areas. |
| Gut bacteria influence brain development Posted: 03 Sep 2021 10:26 AM PDT Extremely premature infants are at a high risk for brain damage. Researchers have now found possible targets for the early treatment of such damage outside the brain: Bacteria in the gut of premature infants may play a key role. The research team found that the overgrowth of the gastrointestinal tract with the bacterium Klebsiella is associated with an increased presence of certain immune cells and the development of neurological damage in premature babies. |
| Linking humans with blue carbon ecosystems Posted: 03 Sep 2021 10:26 AM PDT Social vulnerabilities of coastal communities and their reliance on blue carbon ecosystem services may be improved by addressing three major factors, according to a new study. |
| Identification of plant-parasitic nematode attractant Posted: 03 Sep 2021 10:26 AM PDT Scientists have purified and identified an attractant for crop-infecting root-knot nematodes from flaxseeds. Their experiments revealed that rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I), a flaxseed cell wall component, can attract root-knot nematodes. The linkages between rhamnose and L-galactose are essential for the attraction. |
| Tiger sharks have social preferences for one another Posted: 03 Sep 2021 10:26 AM PDT Scientists have found that tiger sharks, often considered a solitary nomadic species, are social creatures, having preferences for one another. |
| Researchers identify the biosynthesis of carthamin, the historic red colorant in safflowers Posted: 03 Sep 2021 10:26 AM PDT Carthamin's usage as dye dates back to ancient Egypt. But scientists only discovered its chemical structure in 2019. Now, a group of researchers has identified the genes required for the biosynthesis of carthamin. |
| The first cells might have used temperature to divide Posted: 03 Sep 2021 10:25 AM PDT A simple mechanism could underlie the growth and self-replication of protocells -- putative ancestors of modern living cells -- suggests a new study. Protocells are vesicles bounded by a membrane bilayer and are potentially similar to the first unicellular common ancestor (FUCA). On the basis of relatively simple mathematical principles, the proposed model suggests that the main force driving protocell growth and reproduction is the temperature difference that occurs between the inside and outside of the cylindrical protocell as a result of inner chemical activity. |
| Engineered ‘mini’ CRISPR genome editing system developed Posted: 03 Sep 2021 10:25 AM PDT Bioengineers have repurposed a 'non-working' CRISPR system to make a smaller version of the genome engineering tool. Its diminutive size should make it easier to deliver into human cells, tissues and the body for gene therapy. |
| Secret garden: Drug-resistant pathogen strains meet and evolve on plant bulbs Posted: 03 Sep 2021 06:53 AM PDT Researchers have found that drug-resistant strains of a potentially deadly fungus isolated from a tulip bulb showed evidence of genetic recombination and fungicide resistance. The team revealed that plant bulbs provide a place for strains of the human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus, which can cause highly lethal fungal infections, to evolve drug resistance. |
| Wired for efficiency: How methanogenic microbes manage electrons Posted: 03 Sep 2021 06:53 AM PDT A specialized enzyme machinery enables methanogenic microorganisms to thrive under extreme energy limitation. |
| Why are only some cells ‘competent’ to form cancer? Posted: 02 Sep 2021 02:47 PM PDT Medical researchers report that melanoma formation depends on something called 'oncogenic competence,' which is the result of a collaboration between the DNA mutations in a cell and the particular set of genes that are turned on in that cell. Cells that are competent to form melanoma are able to access a set of genes that normally are closed off to mature melanocytes (the cells that make melanin and give skin its color). In order to access these locked-up genes, the cells require specific proteins that act as keys. Without them, the cells do not form melanoma, even when they have cancer-associated DNA mutations. |
| Wing shape determines how far birds disperse Posted: 02 Sep 2021 02:46 PM PDT Bird dispersal movements are thought to depend on complex demographic and genetic factors. Researchers show that there may be a simpler explanation: bird dispersal distances depend on the morphology and flight efficiency of the wings. Bird populations and the capacity of species to move across the landscape can determine which species will thrive and which may become endangered. |
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