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ScienceDaily: Plants & Animals News |
| Plants struggle to keep pace with climate change in human-dominated landscapes Posted: 07 Dec 2021 12:26 PM PST Researchers found that changes in plant phenology are lagging behind rising temperatures across a majority of the Northern Hemisphere, particularly in the most human-dominated landscapes, like crop lands. |
| Melting glaciers may produce thousands of kilometers of new Pacific salmon habitat Posted: 07 Dec 2021 12:26 PM PST Retreating glaciers in the Pacific mountains of western North America could produce around 6,150 kilometers of new Pacific salmon habitat by the year 2100, according to a new study. |
| A daily dose of yogurt could be the go-to food to manage high blood pressure Posted: 07 Dec 2021 12:25 PM PST Whether it's a dollop on your morning cereal or a simple snack on the go, a daily dose of yogurt could be the next go-to food for people with high blood pressure, according to new research. |
| Gas bubbles in rock pores – a nursery for life on Early Earth Posted: 07 Dec 2021 12:25 PM PST Researchers create compelling scenario for the evolution of membraneless microdroplets as the origin of life. |
| Unprecedented three-dimensional X-ray microscope methodology to image plants at cellular resolution Posted: 07 Dec 2021 07:20 AM PST Measuring plant phenotypes, a term used to describe the observable characteristics of an organism, is a critical aspect of studying and improving economically important crops. Phenotypes central to the breeding process include traits like kernel number in corn, seed size in wheat, or fruit color in grape. These features are visible to the naked human eye but are in fact driven by microscopic molecular and cellular processes in the plant. Using three-dimensional (3D) imaging is a recent innovation in the plant biology sector to capture phenotypes on the 'whole-plant' scale: from miniscule cells and organelles in the roots, up to the leaves and flowers. However, current 3D imaging processes are limited by time-consuming sample preparation and by imaging depth, usually reaching only a few layers of cells within a plant tissue. |
| Stem cell study paves way for manufacturing cultured meat Posted: 07 Dec 2021 06:24 AM PST Scientists have for the first time obtained stem cells from livestock that grow under chemically defined conditions, paving the way for manufacturing cell cultured meat and breeding enhanced livestock. |
| Engineers discover what makes a tree-killing fungus so hard to put down Posted: 07 Dec 2021 06:24 AM PST Armillaria ostoyae is a gnarly parasitic fungus with long black tentacles that spread out and attack vegetation. Not much was known about what makes fungus so hard to kill -- until now. A team of researchers has been studying the defense mechanism of the tree fungus to better understand what makes it so hearty. |
| Researchers develop an antibody-drug delivery system Posted: 07 Dec 2021 06:24 AM PST Researchers have developed the first metal-organic framework (MOFs) antibody-drug delivery system that has the potential to fast-track potent new therapies for cancer, cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases. |
| Primates vs cobras: How our last common ancestor built venom resistance Posted: 07 Dec 2021 06:24 AM PST The last common ancestor of chimps, gorillas and humans developed an increased resistance toward cobra venom, according to new research. |
| Neurotoxin from a black widow spider examined Posted: 06 Dec 2021 07:00 PM PST Although many people lose their nerve and panic when they see a spider, only very few of the creatures are actually dangerous. The black widow, however, is a force to be reckoned with: it catches its prey by means of nerve poison -- to be precise, latrotoxins (LaTXs). Researchers have now investigated the substance -- also with a view to medical applications. |
| Terrain, weather can predict wild pig movements Posted: 06 Dec 2021 07:00 PM PST Managing the United States' growing wild pig population has become a significant challenge over the past few decades, but new research may help landowners and government agencies fine-tune their strategies for limiting crop and property damage caused by the animals. |
| Wildfire smoke poses neurological hazards Posted: 06 Dec 2021 07:00 PM PST Wildfire smoke contains microparticles that cross the blood-brain barrier, triggering neurotoxic effects. |
| CRISPRing the microbiome is just around the corner Posted: 06 Dec 2021 07:00 PM PST CRISPR is widely used to target specific cell types, but only one at a time. Researchers have now developed methods to edit genes in multiple organisms within a diverse community of microbes simultaneously, a first step toward editing microbiomes such as those in the gut or on plants. One method assesses which microbes are editable; a second adds genes with a barcode that allows scientists to insert, track and assess insertion efficiency and specificity. |
| Iron integral to the development of life on Earth – and the possibility of life on other planets Posted: 06 Dec 2021 06:59 PM PST Iron is an essential nutrient that almost all life requires to grow and thrive. Iron's importance goes all the way back to the formation of the planet Earth, where the amount of iron in the Earth's rocky mantle was 'set' by the conditions under which the planet formed and went on to have major ramifications for how life developed. Now, scientists have uncovered the likely mechanisms by which iron influenced the development of complex life forms, which can also be used to understand how likely (or unlikely) advanced life forms might be on other planets. |
| Burrowing critters increase risk of levee failure Posted: 06 Dec 2021 08:31 AM PST When burrowing animals dig into earthen levees to make their homes, they can weaken the infrastructure to the point of collapse and localized flooding -- but most flood risk models don't take that into account. Researchers have developed a new method to estimate the risk of levee failure and flooding from burrowing animals like badgers and porcupines. |
| Factors that prevent mangroves from spreading in South America Posted: 06 Dec 2021 08:31 AM PST Due to their pronounced carbon storage capacity, mangroves are an important player in climate change. But they sometimes just don't extend beyond certain latitudes, even when the sites seem suitable. Researchers have now cracked this question for the eastern coast of South America. They could show that seasonal atmospheric and oceanographic factors determine mangrove expansion and this independently of other factors such as soil, and landscape form. |
| Powerful new tool makes coral reef monitoring faster, easier, cheaper Posted: 06 Dec 2021 08:31 AM PST As coral reefs face increasing threats around the world, a team of researchers has developed a genetic analysis tool that can determine many different types of coral on a reef with just a sample of seawater. |
| Important role of prokaryotic viruses in sewage treatment uncovered Posted: 06 Dec 2021 08:31 AM PST Prokaryotic viruses (phages) existing in activated sludge (AS), a biological treatment process widely used in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), act to regulate the composition of microbial community in the activated sludge. Phages are major bacterial predators, through virus-host interactions with key bacterial populations in AS systems, they can influence the removal efficiency of pollutants. Phages of high specificity could be used to curb undesired bacteria, e.g., the undesired foaming-associated filamentous bacteria that could disrupt the removal efficiency of AS system. |
| Posted: 06 Dec 2021 08:29 AM PST Researchers compile a dataset of over 200,000 plant species worldwide to demonstrate the extent to which species extinctions and non-native invasive plants reorganize plant communities in the Anthropocene revealing biotic homogenization results from human activity whether intentional or unintentional. |
| Common Arctic finches are all the same species Posted: 06 Dec 2021 06:17 AM PST New research could ruffle some feathers in the birding world. It finds that Redpolls, a bird found in the Arctic that will sometimes come to the Southern latitudes during the winter and can be hard to differentiate, aren't actually multiple species, genetically speaking. Instead, the three recognized species are all just one with a 'supergene' that controls differences in plumage color and morphology, making them look different. |
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