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ScienceDaily: Plants & Animals News |
| Soils in old-growth treetops can store more carbon than soils under our feet Posted: 16 Dec 2021 12:03 PM PST Canopy soils that form on tree branches contain three times more carbon than soils on the ground in Costa Rica, potentially serving as an important carbon sink around the world. |
| Theropod dinosaur jaws became stronger as they evolved Posted: 16 Dec 2021 11:59 AM PST Theropod dinosaurs evolved more robust jaws through time allowing them to consume tougher food, a new study reveals. |
| Breakthrough in using CRISPR-Cas9 to target fat cells Posted: 15 Dec 2021 05:41 PM PST Researchers describe a breakthrough using CRISPR-Cas9, a tool that has transformed molecular biological research, but whose use in the study of adipose tissue had been elusive. |
| Skin sensing made easier: Improved methods facilitate monitoring of body movement and health Posted: 15 Dec 2021 11:22 AM PST Scientists simplify fabrication methods and model human skin structure in designing wearable sensors. This methodology reduces costs, enhances scalability and modular fabrication, and provides effective, wide-ranging sensitivity in wearable pressure sensors. |
| Better identification of sesame in food packaging needed to avoid anaphylaxis Posted: 15 Dec 2021 10:27 AM PST A new study found that among those who self-reported an allergic reaction to sesame, more than 56% of products which contained sesame did not declare sesame on the label. |
| 'Drink your peas!' Benefits of supplementing cow milk with plant protein Posted: 15 Dec 2021 10:26 AM PST Scientists have developed a novel method of supplementing cow milk with vegetable protein using readily available current dairy processing equipment. A new report presents the study, which may open opportunities to create new functional, multisourced dairy products that could help bolster declining fluid milk sales in the United States. |
| Scientists find climate-driven tree mortality and fuel aridity increase wildfire fuel availability Posted: 15 Dec 2021 08:32 AM PST New research suggests climate-driven tree mortality and fuel aridity are increasing fuel availability in forests leading to record-breaking wildfires in size, spread and plume formation. |
| Gallic acid and stretching decrease osteoarthritis markers in cartilage cells Posted: 15 Dec 2021 08:32 AM PST Researchers used gallic acid, an antioxidant found in gallnuts, green tea and other plants, and applied a stretching mechanism to human cartilage cells taken from arthritic knees that mimics the stretching that occurs when walking. The combination not only decreased arthritis inflammation markers in the cells but improved the production of desired proteins normally found in healthy cartilage. While still at an early stage, the findings suggest a new procedure could be developed to treat cartilage cells extracted from a patient to grow a supply of cells or a tissue to be re-implanted. |
| Scientists find new details about how immune system builds long-term memory Posted: 15 Dec 2021 08:32 AM PST Experts in Japan have identified a fundamental part of the immune system's long-term memory, providing a useful new detail in the pursuit to design better vaccines for diseases, ranging from COVID-19 to malaria. |
| How a fly's brain calculates its position in space Posted: 15 Dec 2021 08:32 AM PST Neurons in the fly brain appear to literally perform vector math in order to signal the direction in which their bodies are traveling, regardless of which way their heads are pointing. |
| Making apple spirits taste better Posted: 15 Dec 2021 05:20 AM PST The holiday season is a time of celebrations and festive drinks, some of which are made with apple liquors. These classic spirits have a long history, and surprisingly, many decisions about their processing are still subjectively determined. Now, researchers report that measuring the liquor's conductivity could give a more objective assessment, and they also found a way to make the process more energy-efficient. |
| Researchers first to predict when bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics Posted: 15 Dec 2021 05:20 AM PST Scientists have spotted signs of 'pre-resistance' in bacteria for the first time -- signs that particular bacteria are likely to become resistant to antibiotics in the future -- in a new study. |
| Meltwater influences ecosystems in the Arctic Ocean Posted: 15 Dec 2021 05:20 AM PST In the summer months, sea ice from the Arctic drifts through Fram Strait into the Atlantic. Thanks to meltwater, a stable layer forms around the drifting ice atop the salty seawater, producing significant effects on biological processes and marine organisms. |
| Biodiversity loss in plants worldwide Posted: 15 Dec 2021 05:20 AM PST Naturalized alien plants are causing a worldwide decline in the uniqueness of regional floras, according to the results of a global research project. |
| New guidelines may help reduce tick-borne illness Posted: 14 Dec 2021 10:49 AM PST The number of cases of tick-borne illnesses (TBIs) reported annually to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has more than doubled over the past two decades in the United States. An expert panel has developed a set of clinical practice guidelines that recommends low-risk interventions, employable with minimal resources, to help reduce the number of TBIs. |
| Decade-old photographs shared on social media give away a new species of pygmy grasshopper Posted: 14 Dec 2021 07:42 AM PST While scrolling the social network iNaturalist, researchers spotted photographs of what turned out to be a Peruvian species of grasshopper currently unknown to science. Having described the new insect with no formal name, the team demonstrates that first, it's not an easy task to describe a species from photographs only, and, secondly, there's a wealth of digital data ready to reveal the Earth's unknown biodiversity. |
| Posted: 14 Dec 2021 07:42 AM PST A new approach by chemists could help to significantly improve diagnostic tests based on PCR. The enzymes used are triggered by light pulses. |
| An enemy within: Pathogens hide in tissue Posted: 13 Dec 2021 03:15 PM PST Antibiotics cure many bacterial infections. However, some patients suffer a relapse. A research group has now discovered why some bacteria can survive antibiotic therapy. The team uncovered where the bacteria hide in the body and how the body's own immune system also plays an important role. |
| Stress, by itself, can lead to excessive drinking in women but not men Posted: 13 Dec 2021 03:15 PM PST A new study that has important implications for the understanding of sex differences in alcohol consumption has shown that stress alone leads to excessive drinking in women but not men. The study used a simulated bar environment to test how stress affected whether participants drank more than intended. |
| Posted: 13 Dec 2021 01:01 PM PST Humans and fruit flies respond to many of the same tastes -- sweet, salty, bitter and so on. The receptors that identify these substances, however, are very different between us and insects. Except when it comes to sour. |
| River animals just go with the flow Posted: 10 Dec 2021 07:31 AM PST Interesting floodplain dynamics were observed during and after seasonal flooding in northern Japan. The combination of the natural flow patterns of rivers and the complex geomorphology of the floodplain supported diverse aquatic biota there. Intensive fieldwork and a 2019 flood-recession survey yielded data in flow dynamics, water chemistry, and animal responses in the floodplain.The team's findings reveal that seasonal changes cause extensive floods as well as the expansion and contraction of river channels. The observed spatial and temporal changes to aquatic habitats give rise to distinct responses and adaptations by a diverse range of animals. |
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