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ScienceDaily: Plants & Animals News |
| New research documents domestic cattle genetics in modern bison herds Posted: 10 May 2022 01:34 PM PDT A new study has revealed the strongest evidence to date that all bison in North America carry multiple small, but clearly identifiable, regions of DNA that originated from domestic cattle. |
| Fossil discovery reveals that trilobites had clasper-like limbs used for mating Posted: 10 May 2022 12:15 PM PDT Thanks to their easily fossilized exoskeleton, trilobites largely dominate the fossil record of early complex animal life. However, trilobite appendages and the anatomy of the underside of their body are typically not well preserved, which makes it difficult to infer their mating and reproductive behaviors. |
| Cells take out the trash before they divide Posted: 10 May 2022 09:24 AM PDT Researchers have discovered that before cells start to divide, they toss waste products. Using a new method they developed for measuring the dry mass of cells, the researchers found cells suddenly lose mass as they enter cell division. |
| Photosynthesis unaffected by increasing carbon dioxide channels in plant membranes Posted: 10 May 2022 09:24 AM PDT In a recent study,botanists investigated the effects of increasing the amount of carbon dioxide channels in plant membranes, but could not detect any impact on photosynthesis in model tobacco plants. |
| Diets high in fiber associated with less antibiotic resistance in gut bacteria Posted: 10 May 2022 09:24 AM PDT Healthy adults who eat a diverse diet with at least 8-10 grams of soluble fiber a day have fewer antibiotic-resistant microbes in their guts, according to a new study. The results lead directly to the idea that modifying the diet has the potential to be a new weapon in the fight against antimicrobial resistance. And this does not require eating some exotic diet, but eating a diverse diet, adequate in fiber, a diet that some Americans already eat. |
| Rare discovery: How a gene mutation causes higher intelligence Posted: 10 May 2022 07:29 AM PDT When genes mutate, this can lead to severe diseases of the human nervous system. Researchers have now used fruit flies to demonstrate how, apart from the negative effect, the mutation of a neuronal gene can have a positive effect -- namely higher IQ in humans. |
| Marine sponge chemical and synthetic derivatives hijack human enzyme to kill cells Posted: 10 May 2022 07:29 AM PDT A human enzyme converts chemicals produced by marine sponges and related synthetic derivatives into cell-killing compounds, shows a new study. |
| Novel tool targeting unusual RNA structures for potential therapeutic applications Posted: 10 May 2022 07:29 AM PDT Ribonucleic acids (RNAs), which decode the genetic code stored in DNA and produce proteins, fold into diverse structures to govern fundamental biological processes in all life forms, including humans. Targeting disease-associated RNA structures with drug-like small molecules has been one of the gold standards for developing RNA-targeting drugs in the scientific field. Recently, a research team has developed a new type of RNA structure targeting tool to specifically recognize unusual four-strand RNA structures, which are associated with diseases such as cancer and neurological disorders. |
| Climate change is pushing pine defoliating moth northward 50 years ahead of earlier predictions Posted: 10 May 2022 07:29 AM PDT In Finland, climate change is causing the pine pest Panolis flammea, or pine beauty moth, to shift its range northward 50 years ahead of predictions. Changes in both the distribution and size of the pine beauty moth population are linked to higher temperatures, a new study shows. |
| Chagas disease: Hybrid strains make insidious parasite more dangerous Posted: 10 May 2022 07:29 AM PDT Researchers have mapped how the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi forms new variants that are more effective at evading the immune system and causing disease. Their findings can give rise to new methods for diagnosing, preventing and treating Chagas disease, which affects millions of people in Central and South America, causing thousands of deaths every year. |
| What benefits nutrition in Africa the most? Posted: 10 May 2022 07:29 AM PDT Malnutrition in developing countries is best addressed not by increasing the variety of crops grown on smallholder farms, but by improving access to markets. More variety in animal production, however, does show positive effects. |
| Soil microbes use different pathways to metabolize carbon Posted: 10 May 2022 07:29 AM PDT Much of what scientists think about soil metabolism may be wrong. New evidence suggests that microbes in different soils use different biochemical pathways to process nutrients, respire, and grow. The study upends long-held assumptions in the field of soil ecology and calls for more investigation and higher-resolution methods to be applied to what has been a black box for the field. |
| Assessment of metabolites in African savanna elephants Posted: 10 May 2022 07:28 AM PDT Researchers have conducted the first assessment of metabolites in African savanna elephants, an important step in understanding the relationship between metabolism and health in these endangered animals. |
| Animal research: Influence of experimenters on results less strong than expected Posted: 10 May 2022 07:28 AM PDT The Number One confounding factor in animal research is the person conducting the experiment. Behavioral biologists examined this factor in behavioral experiments involving mice at different locations. |
| Head, body, eye coordination conserved across animal kingdom Posted: 10 May 2022 07:28 AM PDT Fruit flies synchronize the movements of their heads and bodies to stabilize their vision and fly effectively, according to researchers who utilized virtual-reality flight simulators. The finding appears to hold true in primates and other animals, the researchers say, indicating that animals evolved to move their eyes and bodies independently to conserve energy and improve performance. This understanding could inform the design of advanced mobile robots. |
| Stress may be associated with fertility issues in women Posted: 10 May 2022 07:28 AM PDT Female rats exposed to a scream sound may have diminished ovarian reserve and reduced fertility, according to a small animal study. |
| Bali-like temperatures in Wyoming? Fossils reveal tropically hot North America 95 million years ago Posted: 10 May 2022 07:28 AM PDT A new study that used fossil oyster shells as paleothermometers found the shallow sea that covered much of western North America 95 million years ago was as warm as today's tropics. |
| New research pinpoints 'blue corridors' for highly migratory fish Posted: 09 May 2022 04:15 PM PDT New research has pinpointed four high-traffic areas in the Pacific Ocean that should be considered of high priority if conservation efforts focused on large pelagic fishes such as tuna, blue marlin and swordfish are to be successful. |
| Crystal study may resolve DNA mystery Posted: 09 May 2022 02:10 PM PDT Bioscientists have uncovered a tiny detail that could help us understand how DNA replicates with such astounding accuracy. |
| Are new carbon sinks appearing in the Arctic? Posted: 09 May 2022 01:28 PM PDT Global warming can result in the spread of peatland vegetation in the Arctic. An international research group has discovered signs of 'proto-peat', which may be the beginning of new peatlands. |
| How do water mold spores swim? Posted: 09 May 2022 01:28 PM PDT Oomycetes, also known as water moulds, are pathogenic microorganisms that resemble fungi and are responsible for a group of diseases affecting several plant species. To reach and infect plants, the spores swim to their target. Physicists and biologists have now precisely measured the movement of each flagellum while a zoospore follows a linear trajectory and when it is turning. |
| Nonlethal parasites reduce how much their wild hosts eat, leading to ecosystem effects Posted: 09 May 2022 01:23 PM PDT Pervasive parasitic infections reduce herbivory rates and can therefore trigger trophic cascades that impact plant communities, according to new research. This work helps fill a recognized knowledge gap regarding the ecological consequences of parasitic infections in natural ecosystems. |
| Quantifying cognitive decline in dogs could help humans with Alzheimer's disease Posted: 09 May 2022 12:07 PM PDT Researchers have found that a suite of complimentary tests can quantify changes in dogs suspected of suffering from cognitive decline. The approach could not only aid owners in managing their elderly canine's care, but could also serve as a model for evaluating cognitive decline progression in -- and treatments for -- humans with Alzheimer's disease. |
| Shipping poses significant threat to the endangered whale shark Posted: 09 May 2022 12:06 PM PDT New research indicates that lethal collisions of whale sharks with large ships are vastly underestimated, and could be the reason why populations are falling. |
| Spider can hide underwater for 30 minutes Posted: 09 May 2022 10:26 AM PDT A tropical spider species uses a 'film' of air to hide underwater from predators for as long as 30 minutes, according to new research. |
| Chronobiologists identify key circadian clock mechanism in cyanobacteria Posted: 09 May 2022 08:20 AM PDT The activation and inactivation mechanisms of a key protein involved in the circadian clock system of cyanobacteria -- an important organism in the evolution of such internal clocks -- have long eluded scientists. But researchers have now identified how the system is driven. |
| A better diet helps beat depression in young men Posted: 09 May 2022 08:20 AM PDT Young men with a poor diet saw a significant improvement in their symptoms of depression when they switched to a healthy Mediterranean diet, a new study shows. |
| Bolder marmoset monkeys learn faster than shy ones Posted: 09 May 2022 08:20 AM PDT Individual traits seem to drive our learning success: for instance, conscientious individuals often show higher academic performance. A group of cognitive and behavioral biologists conducted personality assessments and a battery of learning tests with common marmosets and found that such a link, intertwined with family group membership, exists in these monkeys, too. |
| These bats deter predators by buzzing like hornets Posted: 09 May 2022 08:20 AM PDT In Batesian mimicry, a harmless species imitates a more dangerous one in an evolutionary 'ruse' that affords the mimic protection from would-be predators. Now, researchers have discovered the first case of acoustic Batesian mimicry in mammals and one of very few documented in any species: greater mouse-eared bats imitate the buzzing sound of a stinging insect to discourage predatory owls from eating them. |
| 'New and improved' supermarkets trim childhood obesity in NYC Posted: 09 May 2022 08:20 AM PDT Access to newer supermarkets that offer fresh foods in some of New York City's poorest neighborhoods was linked to a 1% decline in obesity rates among public school students living nearby, a new study shows. The modernized markets were also tied to reductions of between 4% and 10% in the average student BMI-z score, a measure of body weight based on height for each age group by gender. |
| Getting sticky with it: Phospholipid found to play a key role in epithelial cell adhesion Posted: 09 May 2022 07:09 AM PDT Cells have certain proteins that help them adhere to each other while covering body surfaces and organs. Loss of these identifying proteins could result in cellular progression towards cancer and, subsequently, metastasis. However, lipids may play a role in maintaining cellular identity as well. Scientists have now identified the role of PIP2, a phospholipid, in maintaining epithelial cell-cell adhesion and cellular identity. Their findings will help develop strategies aimed at suppressing metastasis. |
| Food insecurity risk related to diabetes later in life Posted: 09 May 2022 07:09 AM PDT Young adults who were at risk of food insecurity had increased incidence of diabetes 10 years later, according to a new study. While previous research has associated food insecurity with a range of health issues including diabetes, obesity and hypertension, this study showed a connection over time, suggesting a causal relationship. Researchers analyzed data on nearly 4,000 people from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. They found that adults ages 24-32 who said they'd been worried about food running out in the last year showed greater incidence of diabetes, either through blood glucose tests or self-reports, at ages 32-42, compared to those who did not report food insecurity risk. |
| Why science doesn't help sell chocolate chip cookies Posted: 09 May 2022 07:09 AM PDT People don't want science anywhere near their delicious chocolate chip cookies. But they're happy to have science create body wash that fights odor-causing bacteria. |
| Researchers identify rare genetic markers of drug-resistant tuberculosis Posted: 09 May 2022 07:09 AM PDT Researchers have identified rare genetic markers in M. tuberculosis that could improve early detection of drug-resistant strains of the disease, helping prevent their spread. |
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