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ScienceDaily: Top Environment News |
| High school junior's consumer seismometer delivers low-cost earthquake early warning Posted: 23 Apr 2021 10:02 AM PDT A Southern California high school junior has built a low-cost seismometer device that delivers earthquake early warnings for homes and businesses. Costing less than $100 for her to make today, the seismometer could someday be a regular household safety device akin to a smart smoke detector. |
| Fiber optic cable monitors microseismicity in Antarctica Posted: 23 Apr 2021 10:02 AM PDT Researchers shared how they are using fiber optic cable to detect the small earthquakes that occur in ice in Antarctica. |
| DeepShake uses machine learning to rapidly estimate earthquake shaking intensity Posted: 23 Apr 2021 10:02 AM PDT A deep spatiotemporal neural network trained on more than 36,000 earthquakes offers a new way of quickly predicting ground shaking intensity once an earthquake is underway, researchers report. |
| Force transmission between cells orchestrates collective cellular motion Posted: 23 Apr 2021 10:02 AM PDT How do the billions of cells communicate in order to perform tasks? The cells exert force on their environment through movement - and in doing so, they communicate. They work as a group in order to infiltrate their environment, perform wound healing and the like. They sense the stiffness or softness of their surroundings and this helps them connect and organize their collective effort. But when the connection between cells is distrubeddisturbed, a situation just like when cancer is initiated, can appear. |
| Recreating the earliest stages of life Posted: 23 Apr 2021 06:26 AM PDT A group of scientists has now demonstrated the presence of precursors of the placenta and the amniotic sac in synthetic embryos they created from mouse stem cells. |
| Fossils of 'giant cloud rats' discovered in Philippine caves Posted: 23 Apr 2021 05:57 AM PDT Scientists have discovered the fossils of three new species of giant cloud rats that lived alongside ancient humans in the Philippines. These fluffy, squirrel-like creatures may have been a source of food for the ancient humans. |
| Radar satellites can better protect against bushfires and floods Posted: 23 Apr 2021 05:57 AM PDT New research has revealed how radar satellites can improve the ability to detect, monitor, prepare for and withstand natural disasters in Australia including bushfires, floods and earthquakes. |
| Hungry fruit flies are extreme ultramarathon fliers Posted: 22 Apr 2021 03:18 PM PDT New research indicates that the common fruit fly can travel tens of kilometers in a single flight when in search of food. |
| Machine learning model generates realistic seismic waveforms Posted: 22 Apr 2021 03:18 PM PDT A new machine-learning model that generates realistic seismic waveforms will reduce manual labor and improve earthquake detection, according to a new study. |
| Finding new life for wine-grape residue Posted: 22 Apr 2021 03:18 PM PDT New research finds a wealth of potentially health-enhancing compounds and sugar molecules called oligosaccharides within chardonnay wine-grape pomace. |
| Genetic effects of Chernobyl radiation Posted: 22 Apr 2021 12:04 PM PDT Researchers utilized genomic tools to investigate potential health effects of exposure to ionizing radiation, a known carcinogen, as a result of the 1986 Chernobyl accident. One study found no evidence that genetic changes associated with radiation exposure are passed to children, while the second study documented the genetic changes in the tumors of people who developed thyroid cancer after being exposed as children or fetuses to the radiation released by the accident. Findings are being published close to the 35th anniversary of the Chernobyl disaster. |
| Scientists uncover structure of light-driven enzyme with potential biofuel applications Posted: 22 Apr 2021 12:04 PM PDT Although many organisms capture and respond to sunlight, enzymes - proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions - are rarely driven by light. A new study captures the full cycle of complex structural changes in an enzyme called FAP as it transforms a fatty acid into alkanes or alkenes. |
| Mars has right ingredients for present-day microbial life beneath its surface, study finds Posted: 22 Apr 2021 12:04 PM PDT New research suggests that rocks in the Martian crust could produce the same kind of chemical energy that supports microbial life deep beneath Earth's surface. |
| Anti-aging compound improves muscle glucose metabolism in people Posted: 22 Apr 2021 12:03 PM PDT In the first clinical trial of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), researchers have found that the compound previously demonstrated to counteract aspects of aging and improve metabolic health in mice also has clinically relevant effects in people. |
| Salad or cheeseburger? Your co-workers shape your food choices Posted: 22 Apr 2021 12:03 PM PDT Employees' cafeteria purchases -- both healthy and unhealthy foods -- were influenced by their co-workers' food choices, found a large, two-year study of hospital employees. The study made innovative use of cash register data to gain insights into how individuals' social networks shape their health behavior. The research suggests we might structure future efforts aimed at improving population health by capitalizing on how one person's behavior influences another. |
| MERS DNA vaccine induces immunity, protects from virus challenge in preclinical model Posted: 22 Apr 2021 09:36 AM PDT A synthetic DNA vaccine candidate for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) induced potent immune responses and afforded protective efficacy in non-human primate models when given intradermally in abbreviated, low-dose immunization regimen. |
| Stress test finds cracks in the resistance of harmful hospital bugs Posted: 22 Apr 2021 09:36 AM PDT Research has identified critical factors that enable dangerous bacteria to spread disease by surviving on surfaces in hospitals and kitchens. |
| 3D printed models provide clearer understanding of ground motion Posted: 22 Apr 2021 09:36 AM PDT It seems like a smooth slab of stainless steel, but look a little closer, and you'll see a simplified cross-section of the Los Angeles sedimentary basin. Researchers are printing 3D models like the metal Los Angeles proxy to provide a novel platform for seismic experiments. |
| Scientists provide new insights into the citric acid cycle Posted: 22 Apr 2021 07:28 AM PDT Researchers have new insights into the citric acid cycle: Certain bacteria can use this central metabolic pathway 'backwards', but to do so they must have very high concentrations of the enzyme citrate synthase and of carbon dioxide. This pathway may be a relic from the early development of life. |
| New therapy target for malignant melanomas in dogs Posted: 22 Apr 2021 07:28 AM PDT Scientists have shown that the biological molecule PD-L1 is a potential target for the treatment of metastasized oral malignant melanoma in dogs. |
| Plant provenance influences pollinators Posted: 22 Apr 2021 07:28 AM PDT Insect decline poses challenges for the pollination of wild and cultivated plants. Landscape ecologists have now discovered that the diversity of insects that interact with plant communities is influenced not only by plant species but also by the geographical provenance of seeds. |
| Unlocking Australia's biodiversity, one dataset at a time Posted: 22 Apr 2021 07:28 AM PDT The Atlas of Living Australia (ALA) - Australia's national biodiversity database - uses cutting-edge digital tools to let people share, access and analyze data about local plants, animals and fungi, as well as environmental data like rainfall and temperature. |
| How is a molecular machine assembled? Posted: 22 Apr 2021 06:39 AM PDT The conversion of light into chemical energy by plants and photosynthetic microorganisms is one of the most important processes in nature, removing climate-damaging CO2 from the atmosphere. Protein complexes, so-called photosystems, play the key role in this process. An international research team shed light for the first time on the structure and function of a transition state in the synthesis of photosystem II. |
| Freeze! Executioner protein caught in the act Posted: 22 Apr 2021 06:39 AM PDT A new molecular 'freeze frame' technique has allowed researchers to see key steps in how the protein MLKL kills cells. |
| Monkeys are less cuddly with each other when dealing with an infection, study finds Posted: 21 Apr 2021 01:00 PM PDT Researchers studied wild vervet monkey troops in South Africa, tracking both their social grooming behavior and their parasite load. The results showed evidence that monkeys carrying certain gastrointestinal parasites do not groom others as much as those without the parasite, and that routes of transmission may not be as clear cut as biologists think. |
| Cracking the code of the Dead Sea Scrolls Posted: 21 Apr 2021 12:12 PM PDT The Dead Sea Scrolls, discovered some seventy years ago, are famous for containing the oldest manuscripts of the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament) and many hitherto unknown ancient Jewish texts. But the individual people behind the scrolls have eluded scientists, because the scribes are anonymous. Now, by combining the sciences and the humanities, researchers have cracked the code, which enables them to discover the scribes behind the scrolls. |
| Dating in a jungle: Female praying mantises jut out weird pheromone gland to attract mates Posted: 21 Apr 2021 09:46 AM PDT Praying mantises are bizarre insects, yet many aspects of their biology remain unknown. Meanwhile, scientists have discovered that females of a South American species protrude a Y-shaped organ on their backs to release pheromones and attract males. |
| Microplastics affect global nutrient cycle and oxygen levels in the ocean Posted: 21 Apr 2021 09:45 AM PDT The effects of the steadily increasing amount of plastic in the ocean are complex and not yet fully understood. Scientists have now shown for the first time that the uptake of microplastics by zooplankton can have significant effects on the marine ecosystem even at low concentrations. The study indicates that the resulting changes may be responsible for a loss of oxygen in the ocean beyond that caused by global warming. |
| Research team argues for combining organic farming and genetic engineering Posted: 21 Apr 2021 09:45 AM PDT For more sustainability on a global level, EU legislation should be changed to allow the use of gene editing in organic farming, experts urge. |
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