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ScienceDaily: Top Environment News |
| Widespread coral-algae symbioses endured historical climate changes Posted: 26 May 2021 03:58 PM PDT One of the most important and widespread reef-building corals, known as cauliflower coral, exhibits strong partnerships with certain species of symbiotic algae, and these relationships have persisted through periods of intense climate fluctuations over the last 1.5 million years, according to a new study. |
| Unveiling what governs crystal growth Posted: 26 May 2021 03:58 PM PDT Crystals are wonders of nature and science with important applications in electronics and optics. Scientists have new insights into how gallium nitride crystals grow. Gallium nitride crystals are in wide use in light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and may form transistors for high-power switching electronics to make electric grids more energy efficient and smarter. |
| People prefer 'natural' strategies to reduce atmospheric carbon Posted: 26 May 2021 03:58 PM PDT A cross-disciplinary collaboration found that a majority of the U.S. public is supportive of soil carbon storage as a climate change mitigation strategy, particularly when that and similar approaches are seen as 'natural' strategies. |
| Salmon virus originally from the Atlantic, spread to wild Pacific salmon from farms Posted: 26 May 2021 12:02 PM PDT A new study traces the origins of Piscine orthoreovirus to Atlantic salmon farms in Norway and finds that the virus is now almost ubiquitous in salmon farms in British Columbia, Canada. |
| Study of promising photovoltaic material leads to discovery of a new state of matter Posted: 26 May 2021 12:01 PM PDT Researchers have gained new insight into the workings of perovskites, a semiconductor material that shows great promise for making high-efficiency, low-cost solar cells and a range of other optical and electronic devices. |
| Study finds ongoing evolution in Tasmanian Devils' response to transmissible cancer Posted: 26 May 2021 12:00 PM PDT Researchers studied the evolution of Tasmanian devils in response to a unique transmissible cancer. The team found that historic and ongoing evolution are widespread across the devils' genome, but there is little overlap of genes between those two timescales. These findings suggest that if transmissible cancers occurred historically in devils, they imposed natural selection on different sets of genes. |
| Salmonella use intestinal epithelial cells to colonize the gut Posted: 26 May 2021 10:21 AM PDT The immune system's attempt to eliminate Salmonella bacteria from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract instead facilitates colonization of the intestinal tract and fecal shedding, according to scientists. |
| Scientists find solution to measure harmful plastic particles in human sewage Posted: 26 May 2021 10:21 AM PDT Scientists have got up close and personal with human sewage to determine how best to measure hidden and potentially dangerous plastics. |
| Stormwater could be a large source of microplastics and rubber fragments to waterways Posted: 26 May 2021 10:21 AM PDT In cities, heavy rains wash away the gunk collecting on sidewalks and roads, picking up all kinds of debris. However, the amount of microplastic pollution swept away by this runoff is currently unknown. Now, researchers report that stormwater can be a large source of microplastics and rubber fragments to water bodies and, with a proof-of-concept experiment, show that a rain garden could keep these microscopic pieces out of a storm drain. |
| Geological riddle solved: Roof of the World has gotten higher Posted: 26 May 2021 10:21 AM PDT There has long been controversy about whether the world's highest region, Tibet, has grown taller during the recent geological past. New results indicate that the 'Roof of the World' appears to have risen by up to 600 meters and the answer was found in underwater lava. The knowledge sheds new light on Earth's evolution. |
| Good bacteria can temper chemotherapy side effects Posted: 26 May 2021 10:21 AM PDT A new study found that specific types of gut bacteria can protect other good bacteria from cancer treatments -- mitigating harmful, drug-induced changes to the gut microbiome. By metabolizing chemotherapy drugs, the protective bacteria could temper short- and long-term side effects of treatment. |
| People who eat a plant-based dinner could reduce their risk of heart disease by ten percent Posted: 26 May 2021 10:21 AM PDT People who eat too many refined carbs and fatty meats for dinner have a higher risk of heart disease than those who eat a similar diet for breakfast, according to a nationwide study. |
| Scent trails could boost elephant conservation Posted: 26 May 2021 10:21 AM PDT Travelling elephants pay close attention to scent trails of dung and urine left by other elephants, new research shows. |
| Electric fish -- and humans -- pause before communicating key points Posted: 26 May 2021 10:21 AM PDT Electric fish pause before sharing something particularly meaningful. Pauses also prime the sensory systems to receive new and important information. The study reveals an underlying mechanism for how pauses allow neurons in the midbrain to recover from stimulation. |
| Universal travel pattern across four continents Posted: 26 May 2021 08:56 AM PDT New research confirms people visit places more frequently when they have to travel shorter distances to get there. The study establishes a 'visitation law' and could help in urban planning. |
| Journey of PFAS in wastewater facilities highlights regulation challenges Posted: 26 May 2021 08:55 AM PDT Researchers have conducted two of the first studies in New England to collectively show that toxic human-made chemicals called PFAS (per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances), found in everything from rugs to product packaging, end up in the environment differently after being processed through wastewater treatment facilities -- making it more challenging to set acceptable screening levels. |
| Aquaculture turns biodiversity into uniformity along the coast of China Posted: 26 May 2021 08:55 AM PDT Fishery and aquaculture have given rise to an enormous uniformity in the diversity of bivalves along the more than 18,000 kilometer long Chinese coast, biologists report. |
| The world's smallest fruit picker controlled by artificial intelligence Posted: 26 May 2021 08:55 AM PDT Inspired by insects that suck nutrients directly from plant veins, physicists have studied whether valuable chemical substances can be harvested directly from the cells of plants. Using a harvester measuring only a few microns, they have now achieved a technological breakthrough. |
| Warm ice may fracture differently than cold ice Posted: 26 May 2021 08:55 AM PDT Researchers have found strong evidence that warm ice - that is, ice very close in temperature to zero degrees Celsius - may fracture differently than the kinds of ice typically studied in laboratories or nature. A new study takes a closer look at the phenomenon. |
| What causes the deep Earth's most mysterious earthquakes? Posted: 26 May 2021 08:55 AM PDT The cause of Earth's deepest earthquakes has been a mystery to science for more than a century, but a team of scientists may have now cracked the case. New research provides evidence that fluids play a key role in deep-focus earthquakes -- which occur between 300 and 700 kilometers below the planet's surface. |
| Record-shattering 2020 trans-Atlantic dust storm Posted: 26 May 2021 08:55 AM PDT Researchers parsing the mechanism that in June 2020 transported a massive dust plume from Saharan Africa to the Caribbean and U.S. Gulf Coast. |
| Proteomics reveals how exercise increases the efficiency of muscle energy production Posted: 26 May 2021 08:54 AM PDT By applying mass spectrometry, scientists provide some of the most detailed data on how mitochondrial proteins cluster into supercomplexes - a process that makes mitochondria more efficient at producing energy. |
| How antibiotic-filled feces helps 'bessbug' beetles stay healthy Posted: 26 May 2021 08:54 AM PDT Researchers have discovered that the frass of the horned passalus beetle is teeming with antibiotic and antifungal chemicals similar to the ones that humans use to ward off bacterial and fungal infections. Understanding the symbiotic relationship between bessbug beetles, actinomycetes and their antimicrobial compounds could help speed the search for new antibiotic drugs, and help doctors create better strategies for preventing the rise of antibiotic-resistant infections. |
| A new 'gold standard' compound for generating electricity from heat Posted: 26 May 2021 08:54 AM PDT Researchers show in a new study that a single material, a layered crystal consisting of the elements rhenium and silicon, turns out to be the gold standard of transverse thermoelectric devices. |
| Hundreds of antibiotic resistant genes found in the gastrointestinal tracts of Danish infants Posted: 26 May 2021 06:31 AM PDT Danish one-year-olds carry several hundred antibiotic resistant genes in their bacterial gut flora according to a new study from the University of Copenhagen. The presence of these genes is partly attributable to antibiotic use among mothers during pregnancy. |
| Small modular reactors competitive in Washington's clean energy future Posted: 26 May 2021 06:31 AM PDT A new report finds small modular reactors could provide competitively priced electricity in Washington state's future electricity market. |
| Slope stability model can help prevent landslides to protect communities and save lives Posted: 26 May 2021 06:31 AM PDT Researchers hope industry and governments worldwide will use the SSSAFE model to help early warning systems mitigate landslide risks |
| Resetting the biological clock by flipping a switch Posted: 26 May 2021 05:50 AM PDT The biological clock is present in almost all cells of an organism. As more and more evidence emerges that clocks in certain organs could be out of sync, there is a need to investigate and reset these clocks locally. Scientists from the introduced a light-controlled on/off switch to a kinase inhibitor, which affects clock function. This gives them control of the biological clock in cultured cells and explanted tissue. |
| As water sources become scarce, understanding emerging subsurface contaminants is key Posted: 25 May 2021 07:16 AM PDT Researchers have developed a variety of models that can help assess how emerging contaminants disperse, dissolve and ultimately impact water quality and the resilience of aquifers. |
| Newly discovered enzymes are not heavy metal fans Posted: 25 May 2021 07:16 AM PDT Researchers have discovered a new group of carbonic anhydrase enzymes that do not require any metal ions for their activity, which improves our knowledge of the global carbon cycle and may be applicable to artificial photosynthesis. |
| Ancient fish bones reveal non-kosher diet of ancient Judeans, say researchers Posted: 25 May 2021 05:43 AM PDT Ancient Judeans commonly ate non-kosher fish surrounding the time that such food was prohibited in the Bible, suggests a new study. |
| Harnessing next generation sequencing to detect SARS-CoV-2 and prepare for the next pandemic Posted: 25 May 2021 05:43 AM PDT Researchers have designed a testing protocol for SARS-CoV-2 that can process tens of thousands of samples in less than 48 hours. The method, called SARSeq, could be adapted to many more pathogens. |
| New study shows nutrient exchanges between algae and bacteria Posted: 24 May 2021 01:17 PM PDT Researchers have used an advanced high-spatial resolution isotope mapping technique called 'SIMS' (secondary ion mass spectrometry) to chart for the first time how long it takes for labelled carbon produced by microalgae to be transferred to the bacteria they are growing with. |
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