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ScienceDaily: Top Environment News |
| European fishing communities face their own specific climate risks Posted: 29 Sep 2021 01:38 PM PDT Of all European fisheries and coastal communities, the ones in the UK and the Eastern Mediterranean have the highest risk of being affected by climate change. To reduce climate risks, researchers are advising regional policy makers to focus on sustainable and diverse fisheries management. |
| Wiggling worms suggest link between vitamin B12 and Alzheimer's Posted: 29 Sep 2021 01:38 PM PDT Worms lose their wiggle when they get Alzheimer's disease, but researchers found that worms fed a diet of E. coli with higher levels of vitamin B12 were given a layer of protection from the dreaded degenerative brain disease. |
| Expanding the genetic code with quadruplet codons Posted: 29 Sep 2021 01:37 PM PDT Cells working with an expanded genetic code could make more diverse medicines. A new study shows scientists are within striking distance. |
| Team rewires a behavioral circuit in the worm using hydra parts Posted: 29 Sep 2021 11:28 AM PDT New research highlights the development of HySyn, a system designed to synthetically reconnect neural circuits using neuropeptides from Hydra, a small, freshwater organism, into the model organism C. elegans. |
| Clover growth in Mars-like soils boosted by bacterial symbiosis Posted: 29 Sep 2021 11:28 AM PDT Clover plants grown in Mars-like soils experience significantly more growth when inoculated with symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria than when left uninoculated, researchers report. |
| Strikingly simple means of diagnosing ecosystem health uncovered Posted: 29 Sep 2021 11:27 AM PDT Scientists say the health of a terrestrial ecosystem can be largely determined by three variables: vegetations' ability to uptake carbon, its efficiency in using carbon and its efficiency in using water. |
| Posted: 29 Sep 2021 09:43 AM PDT Mercury released into the atmosphere by industry enters the sea and from there makes its way into the food chain. Now, an analysis by the University of Basel has revealed how the harmful substance enters seawater in the first place. This is not primarily via rainfall, as previously assumed, but rather also involves gas exchange. Measures to reduce mercury emissions could therefore take effect faster than previously thought. |
| 'Is that a bacon sandwich?' Fruit flies react to smells while asleep Posted: 29 Sep 2021 08:28 AM PDT Researchers have tracked flies' ability to interpret information while asleep, showing which parts of the brain remain 'awake'. |
| Human behavior sabotages CO2-reducing strategies Posted: 29 Sep 2021 08:28 AM PDT To slow down climate change, societies tend to focus on two solutions for reducing greenhouse gas emissions: improving energy efficiency and developing and using renewable energy sources. A new study compared every U.S. state's CO2 emissions with their investment in the two solutions from 2009 to 2016. The authors found no statistically significant difference between energy efficiency improvement and renewable energy development -- both resulted in some reductions in CO2 emissions when considering all societal sectors, although renewable energy investment was slightly more impactful. |
| Researchers use classical music to make protein songs more pleasant to listen to Posted: 29 Sep 2021 08:28 AM PDT In recent years, scientists have created music based on the structure of proteins as a creative way to better popularize science to the general public, but the resulting songs haven't always been pleasant to the ear. In a new study, researchers use the style of existing music genres to guide the structure of protein song to make it more musical. |
| Researchers identify and clear efficiency hurdle for organic solar cells Posted: 29 Sep 2021 08:28 AM PDT Researchers have identified a key mechanism responsible for the lower efficiencies of organic solar cells and shown a way that this hurdle might be overcome. |
| Entire genome of Eurasian spruce bark beetle now revealed Posted: 29 Sep 2021 07:18 AM PDT Researchers have successfully mapped the entire genome of the Eurasian spruce bark beetle. The breakthrough paves the way for new research into bark beetles and better prospects for effective pest control of a species that can destroy more than 100 million cubic meters of spruce forest during a single year in Europe and Asia. |
| Robust gene networks from the depths of our evolutionary history Posted: 29 Sep 2021 07:18 AM PDT A sophisticated system guides the development of our limbs. Researchers have shed new light on the genetic toolkit used during evolution to create a range of different extremities such as fins, wings, hooves, toes and fingers. |
| From recycling to upcycling: A smarter way of dealing with plastic Posted: 29 Sep 2021 06:42 AM PDT Researchers have developed a clean and cost-effective way to upcycle used plastic, transforming it into valuable nanomaterials and high-quality fuel. |
| Science backs nature as key to children’s health Posted: 29 Sep 2021 06:26 AM PDT The presence of greenspaces near homes and schools is strongly associated with improved physical activity and mental health outcomes in kids, according to a massive review of data from nearly 300 studies. |
| Two new species of large predatory dinosaur discovered on Isle of Wight, UK Posted: 29 Sep 2021 05:03 AM PDT Bones found on the Isle of Wight likely belong to two new species of spinosaurid, a group of predatory theropod dinosaurs closely related to the giant Spinosaurus. Their unusual, crocodile-like skulls helped the group expand their diets, allowing them hunt prey on both land and in the water. |
| Zebrafish anticipate the future to avoid virtual danger Posted: 29 Sep 2021 05:03 AM PDT Scientists have discovered particular neurons in the brain that monitor whether predictions made by fish actually come true. By making use of a new virtual reality-outfitted aquarium where brain imaging of zebrafish can be done as they learn and navigate through virtual reality cues, researchers found neurons that allow efficient risk avoidance. |
| Great apes' consonant and vowel-like sounds travel over distance without losing meaning Posted: 28 Sep 2021 04:38 PM PDT Scientists have shown that orangutan call signals believed to be closest to the precursors to human language, travel through forest over long distances without losing their meaning. This throws into question the accepted mathematical model on the evolution of human speech. |
| Zeroing in on the origins of Earth’s 'single most important evolutionary innovation' Posted: 28 Sep 2021 04:38 PM PDT Scientists estimate that oxygenic photosynthesis -- the ability to turn light and water into energy, releasing oxygen -- first evolved on Earth between 3.4 and 2.9 billion years ago. |
| How high-fat diets allow cancer cells to go unnoticed Posted: 28 Sep 2021 04:38 PM PDT The immune system relies on cell surface tags to recognize cancer cells. Researchers discovered mice who ate high-fat diets produced less of these tags on their intestinal cells, suppressing the ability of immune cells to identify and eliminate intestinal tumors. The high-fat diet also reduced the presence of certain bacteria in the mice's gut, which normally helps maintain the production of these tags. |
| Cruise ships must be effectively regulated to minimize serious environment and health impact Posted: 28 Sep 2021 04:38 PM PDT The cruise ship industry should be subject to global monitoring and effective legislation because of its continuous increasing impact on both the environment and human health and wellbeing, according to new research. The review finds that cruising is a major source of environmental pollution and degradation, with air, water, soil, fragile habitats and areas and wildlife affected. |
| Birds' eye size offers clues to coevolutionary arms race between brood parasites, hosts Posted: 28 Sep 2021 04:38 PM PDT Eye size likely plays a role in the contest between avian brood parasites -- birds that lay their eggs in the nests of other species -- and their hosts, who sometimes detect the foreign eggs and eject or abandon them, scientists report. |
| Signs of ecosystem collapse in significant PNG wetland Posted: 28 Sep 2021 12:51 PM PDT A new study has identified warning signs of ecosystem collapse at a wetland of international significance in Papua New Guinea. |
| Study links air pollution to nearly 6 million preterm births around the world Posted: 28 Sep 2021 11:18 AM PDT Air pollution likely contributed to almost 6 million premature births and almost 3 million underweight babies in 2019, according to a global burden of disease study and meta-analysis that quantifies the effects of indoor and outdoor pollution around the world. |
| Plant compound may protect bees from deadly virus that makes them lose their way home Posted: 28 Sep 2021 08:02 AM PDT Around the world, honeybees are dying in large numbers. This die-off is in part because of a deadly virus that can kill bees or impair their ability to return to the hives after foraging. But researchers now show that a cheap and naturally occurring chemical compound could prevent or reverse the effects of the virus in bees. Bees that were fed the compound before becoming infected were nine times more likely to survive the virus after five days; by monitoring hives in real time, the researchers also showed that bees that were fed the compound were more likely to return to the hive at the end of a foraging day. |
| Major ocean current could warm greatly Posted: 28 Sep 2021 07:22 AM PDT A new study found that the Kuroshio Current Extension is sensitive to global climate change and has the potential to warm greatly with increased carbon dioxide levels. |
| Impact of human settlement on island ecosystems Posted: 28 Sep 2021 06:40 AM PDT Research has shed new light on the impact of humans on islands' biodiversity. The findings show how human colonization altered forest across the islands of Macaronesia including the loss of landscape authenticity. |
| In Guatemala, archaeologist helps to uncover hidden neighborhood in ancient Maya city Posted: 28 Sep 2021 04:50 AM PDT The newly discovered structures provide game-changing evidence that the imperial power of Teotihuacan exerted considerable influence on Tikal, an ancient Maya capital, as part of a campaign of conquest. |
| Bird feces reveals that when birds migrate, their gut bacteria change Posted: 28 Sep 2021 04:49 AM PDT Researchers used tiny radio trackers to follow the movements of birds that migrated between The Bahamas and Michigan, and they found that the same individual birds' gut bacteria were different in the two locations. And to figure that out, the scientists had to get up close and personal with a lot of bird feces. |
| Dynamic twists and loops can enable DNA to modulate its function Posted: 28 Sep 2021 04:49 AM PDT Supercoiling and looping can transmit mechanical stress along the DNA backbone that can promote the separation of the strands of the double helix at specific distant sites, exposing the DNA bases, which may facilitate repair, replication, transcription or other aspects of DNA function. |
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