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| Bringing 400-million-year-old fossilized armored worms to ‘virtual’ life Posted: 30 Nov 2021 02:39 PM PST Scientists have documented the discovery of two new species of fossilized armored worms in Australia -- Lepidocoleus caliburnus and Lepidocoleus shurikenus -- dating from about 400 million years ago. Then, using the micro-CT imaging capabilities of the MU X-ray Microanalysis Core facility, the researchers were able to develop first-of-its-kind digital 3D-models of the species' individual armor plates by virtually examining the armored skeletons of these ancient worms, called machaeridians. |
| Summer rains in American Southwest are not your typical monsoon Posted: 30 Nov 2021 12:04 PM PST Monsoons are continental weather events produced when intense summer sunlight heats land more than ocean. But new supercomputer simulations show that North America's only monsoon works differently. The North American monsoon, which drenches western Mexico and the American Southwest each summer, is generated when the jet stream collides with the Sierra Madre mountains, which diverts it southward and upward, condensing moisture laden air from the eastern Pacific into torrential rains. |
| Holistic framework can assess fisheries’ strengths and potential weaknesses Posted: 30 Nov 2021 10:02 AM PST A new decision-making framework designed by an international team of fisheries researchers can help fisheries bolster their ability to adapt to a warming world. The tool is meant to take a lot of the guesswork out of finding resilience in a time of climate change. |
| As LA traffic slowed amid the pandemic, researchers gained new insight into air pollution Posted: 30 Nov 2021 10:02 AM PST Car tailpipes spew out molecules of ammonia, a harmful air pollutant that can lead to thousands of premature deaths every year. New research shows that vehicles may produce a lot more of these emissions than federal and state regulators have believed. |
| Ubiquitous food additive alters human microbiota and intestinal environment Posted: 30 Nov 2021 10:02 AM PST New clinical research indicates that a widely used food additive, carboxymethylcellulose, alters the intestinal environment of healthy persons, perturbing levels of beneficial bacteria and nutrients. These findings demonstrate the need for further study of the long-term impacts of this food additive on health. |
| Extraordinary Roman mosaic and villa discovered beneath farmer's field in Rutland, UK Posted: 30 Nov 2021 09:16 AM PST Archaeologists have unearthed the first Roman mosaic of its kind in the UK. |
| Reshaping the plastic lifecycle into a circle Posted: 30 Nov 2021 08:25 AM PST New research gives a bird's-eye view of the scale of plastic creation globally, tracing where it's produced, where it ends up, and its environmental impact. |
| Global HIV viral suppression rates too low among children and adolescents Posted: 30 Nov 2021 07:15 AM PST An analysis in the lead up to World AIDS Day reveals that HIV is 'virally suppressed' in only 59 per cent of children and adolescents on treatment. |
| Reduced meat diet has many advantages Posted: 30 Nov 2021 07:14 AM PST Which diet is better: moderately reduce meat consumption and eat more fruit, vegetables and wholegrain products or eating more fish and seafood? Or even switch completely to a vegan diet? A new study shows that the answer to these questions is not as clear-cut as one might think -- depending on which impacts one closely looks. |
| Strong winds power electric fields in the upper atmosphere Posted: 29 Nov 2021 02:27 PM PST Using observations from NASA's ICON mission, scientists presented the first direct measurements of Earth's long-theorized dynamo on the edge of space: a wind-driven electrical generator that spans the globe 60-plus miles above our heads. The dynamo churns in the ionosphere, the electrically charged boundary between Earth and space. It's powered by tidal winds in the upper atmosphere that are faster than most hurricanes and rise from the lower atmosphere, creating an electrical environment that can affect satellites and technology on Earth. |
| Extinct swordfish-shaped marine reptile discovered Posted: 29 Nov 2021 12:50 PM PST Researchers have discovered a new marine reptile. The specimen, a stunningly preserved meter-long skull, is one of the last surviving ichthyosaurs -- ancient animals that look eerily like living swordfish. |
| Parallels in human, dog oral tumors could speed new therapies Posted: 29 Nov 2021 09:28 AM PST Recent research compared the genetic expression profiles of a nonlethal canine tumor and the rare, devastating human oral tumor it resembles, laying the groundwork for potential translational medicine down the road. |
| Climate change is making one of the world’s strongest currents flow faster Posted: 29 Nov 2021 09:28 AM PST The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), the only ocean current that circumnavigates the planet, is speeding up. For the first time, scientists are able to tell that this is happening by taking advantage of a decades-long set of observational records. |
| Research pushes auto industry closer to clean cars powered by direct ethanol fuel cells Posted: 29 Nov 2021 09:28 AM PST Alternative-energy research is charting a path toward the mass adoption of clean cars powered by direct-ethanol fuel cells. |
| Why we must avoid temperature overshoot Posted: 29 Nov 2021 09:28 AM PST A new international study shows how near-term mitigation can help to prevent an overshoot in global temperatures, thereby reducing climate risks and bringing long-term economic gains. |
| Potential new therapeutic pathway to clear chronic viral infections Posted: 29 Nov 2021 09:28 AM PST A recent study in mice has uncovered that during chronic viral infection, a protein called BMI-1 gets turned on too early in B cells and messes up the delicate balance of gene expression, resulting in antibodies that are unsuccessful in their endeavor to clear the virus from the body. |
| Sun is likely an unaccounted source of the Earth’s water Posted: 29 Nov 2021 09:27 AM PST Curtin University researchers have helped unravel the enduring mystery of the origins of the Earth's water, finding the Sun to be a surprising likely source. |
| Recycling of tectonic plates a key driver of Earth’s oxygen budget Posted: 29 Nov 2021 09:27 AM PST A new study has identified serpentinite -- a green rock that looks a bit like snakeskin and holds fluids in its mineral structures -- as a key driver of the oxygen recycling process, which helped create and maintain the sustaining atmosphere for life on Earth. |
| Tracking down microplastics in Antarctica Posted: 29 Nov 2021 09:27 AM PST Microplastics are everywhere, even in the most remote places. Where do these tiny pieces of plastic come from? Researchers have shown that it takes precise analysis to answer this question. |
| Snow monkeys go fishing to survive harsh Japanese winters Posted: 29 Nov 2021 09:27 AM PST Snow monkeys living in one of the world's coldest regions survive by 'going fishing' -- scooping live animals, including brown trout, out of Japanese rivers and eating them to stay alive, a new study reveals. |
| Waterfall sounds used as a telltale sign of water loss Posted: 29 Nov 2021 09:27 AM PST Waterfalls have a specific threshold of water flow that must be maintained to preserve their characteristic sound and appearance, according to research that used audio recordings and images to monitor waterfalls in Europe. With this new method, scientists can use a waterfall's sound and appearance to track changes in its flow as human interventions and climate change impact water levels, according to the new study. |
| Eight worst wildfire weather years on record happened in the last decade Posted: 29 Nov 2021 09:27 AM PST The world's eight most extreme wildfire weather years on record have occurred in the last decade, according to a new study that suggests extreme weather is being driven by a decrease in atmospheric humidity coupled with rising temperatures. |
| Farmers spread Transeurasian languages Posted: 29 Nov 2021 09:27 AM PST New research provides interdisciplinary support for the 'Farming Hypothesis' of language dispersal, tracing Transeurasian languages back to the first farmers moving across Northeast Asia beginning in the Early Neolithic -- roughly between 8-10 thousand years ago. |
| Arctic krill respond to visual changes during Arctic night Posted: 29 Nov 2021 09:23 AM PST New research finds that Arctic krill have a biological response to changes in light. When it is lightest in the Arctic polar night, usually around the middle of the day known as midday twilight, the krill know to swim down to the bottom in order to hide from predators. When it is darkest in the Arctic polar night, that's when they swim to the surface in search of bioluminescent food. |
| Sizing up the challenges in extracting lithium from geothermal brine Posted: 29 Nov 2021 07:57 AM PST For geothermal fields around the world, produced geothermal brine has been simply injected back underground, but now it's become clear that the brines produced at the Salton Sea geothermal field contain an immense amount of lithium, a critical resource need for low-carbon transportation and energy storage. Demand for lithium is skyrocketing, as it is an essential ingredient in lithium-ion batteries. Researchers have recently published a comprehensive review of past and current technologies for extracting minerals from geothermal brine. |
| Posted: 29 Nov 2021 07:56 AM PST Scientists describe how Antarctic fishes with and without hemoglobin react to acute thermal stress. The responses may help the fish withstand the impacts of climate change. |
| Efficient organic solar cells processed from green solvents Posted: 29 Nov 2021 07:56 AM PST A small guest molecule in the right place makes it possible to produce energy-efficient organic solar cells using eco-friendly solvents. A record efficiency over 17% is demonstrated. In addition, solar cells with larger areas can be produced. |
| Posted: 29 Nov 2021 07:56 AM PST A new species of parasitoid wasp that constructs remarkable star-shaped cocoon masses is reported from the biodiversity hot spot Ryukyu Islands. Researchers observed how the wasps construct 'stars' after making their way out of the moth larvae they inhabit during their own larval stage. |
| Nibbling prehistoric herbivore sheds new light on Triassic diversity Posted: 29 Nov 2021 07:56 AM PST A Triassic herbivore, known for its supposed similarities to a modern-day ostrich, has been revealed to have entirely different approach to feeding from previously thought. |
| A rocky fate for greenhouse gases Posted: 29 Nov 2021 07:56 AM PST Researchers use synchrotron X-ray total scattering and quantum computer simulations to model the crystal structure of amorphous magnesium carbonate as a function of temperature. As a precursor to crystalline magnesium carbonate hydrate materials, which can trap atmospheric carbon dioxide, understanding its properties can help lead to effective carbon sequestration methods to fight global warming. |
| Method to reveal undesired biological effects of chemicals Posted: 29 Nov 2021 07:56 AM PST How do pollutants and other chemicals that we are exposed to affect our health? Researchers have applied a method to identify the proteins in the body affected by chemicals. The method can be used to discover at an early stage whether a substance has biological effects in an organism. |
| This is how the superbug Pseudomonas aeruginosa reacts to antibiotics Posted: 29 Nov 2021 07:55 AM PST The bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa is resistant to all antibiotics on the market. Therefore, there is a great need for new therapeutic approaches. In order to find them, it helps to understand how the germ reacts to active substances. |
| Scientists produce new antibiotics by gene editing Posted: 29 Nov 2021 07:55 AM PST Scientists have discovered a new route to produce complex antibiotics exploiting gene editing to re-program pathways to future medicines urgently required to combat antimicrobial resistance, treat neglected diseases and prevent future pandemics. |
| Study links increasing air pollution to the rise of a type of lung cancer Posted: 29 Nov 2021 07:55 AM PST An international team of scientists has linked increased air pollution to an uptick in cases of lung adenocarcinoma (LADC) worldwide. The same study also concluded an overall lower consumption of tobacco worldwide is statistically linked to less people contracting lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). |
| Posted: 29 Nov 2021 07:36 AM PST By understanding the epidemiology and population biology of a significant and high-priority pathogen, Enteroccocus faecium (E. faecium) in Irish hospitals, researchers are providing the evidence base for more effective surveillance, and infection and prevention control strategies aimed at minimizing the spread of the antibiotic resistant bacteria. |
| Jaws of defeat: Anglers’ emotions toward shark depredation is key to conservation Posted: 26 Nov 2021 10:08 AM PST In a broad-scale study researchers quantified the emotional and behavioral responses to shark depredation in recreational fisheries. The study found that anglers, and especially recreational fishing guides, who experienced depredation were more likely to have a negative response towards sharks and were thus more likely to target sharks for additional harvesting. |
| Loss of ancient grazers triggered a global rise in fires Posted: 25 Nov 2021 12:48 PM PST From 50,000 years to 6,000 years ago, many of the world's largest animals, including such iconic grassland grazers as the woolly mammoth, giant bison, and ancient horses, went extinct. The loss of these grazing species triggered a dramatic increase in fire activity in the world's grasslands, according to a new study. |
| From ambition to biodiversity action: Time to hold actors accountable Posted: 25 Nov 2021 12:48 PM PST To achieve global goals for biodiversity conservation, national level implementation must be significantly improved. National policy instruments need to precisely define effective actions and the actors responsible for implementation. Accountability needs to be ensured through systematic monitoring of progress. These recommendations are at the core of a 3-step framework proposed by an international team of scientists. |
| Scientists discover gut bacteria that improve memory in bees Posted: 25 Nov 2021 12:48 PM PST An international research team have discovered a specific type of gut bacteria in bees that can improve memory. |
| Accelerated renewables-based electrification paves the way for a post-fossil future Posted: 25 Nov 2021 12:48 PM PST Cost-slashing innovations are underway in the electric power sector and could give electricity the lead over fossil-based combustion fuels in the world's energy supply by mid-century. When combined with a global carbon price, these developments can catalyse emission reductions to reach the Paris climate targets, while reducing the need for controversial negative emissions, a new study finds. |
| Role of disordered protein interactions in gene expression Posted: 25 Nov 2021 12:48 PM PST Researchers reveal a novel mechanism that coordinates the assembly of components inside cells that control gene expression. |
| How molecular clusters in the nucleus interact with chromosomes Posted: 24 Nov 2021 12:41 PM PST Using computer simulations, chemists have discovered how nuclear bodies called nucleoli interact with chromosomes in the nucleus, and how those interactions help the nucleoli exist as stable droplets within the nucleus. |
| New findings on bacteria that increase risk of pancreatic cancer Posted: 24 Nov 2021 12:41 PM PST Bacteria from the digestive system seem to have the potential to cause damage to pancreatic cells, increasing the risk of malignant tumors. Now for the first time, live bacteria from cystic pancreatic lesions that are precursors to pancreatic cancer, have been analyzed by researchers. The study can lead to prophylactic interventions using local antibiotics. |
| Posted: 24 Nov 2021 12:40 PM PST Million years of evolution have produced a dazzling variety of species, each uniquely adapted to its environment. A straightforward way to measuring biodiversity is by the number of species (taxonomic diversity). Recently, there is growing emphasis to quantify diversity also in other ways: a) functional diversity, which is the diversity of phenotypic traits that allow organisms to perform their ecological functions and b) phylogenetic diversity, meaning the variation in the branches in the tree of life. A team of scientists now compares these approaches: They found that species richness and functional diversity of Himalayan bat communities decline at high elevation without the loss of phylogenetic diversity. Their findings provide insights on the diversity of bats in the Himalayas and serve as an important baseline in assessing this diversity in the context of environmental changes. |
| Endangered deer's prion gene could protect it from chronic wasting disease Posted: 24 Nov 2021 12:40 PM PST China's Père David's deer was nearly gone in the late 1800s. Just 18 deer -- the very last of their kind -- were brought into captivity after the rest had been hunted to extinction. When 11 of the deer reproduced, the species had a chance. Today, after centuries of reintroductions and breeding under human care, the population sits at around 3,000. It's a success story. But that success could come crashing down if chronic wasting disease (CWD) were to infect the population. |
| Unsung gene is key to how antibodies develop, study finds Posted: 24 Nov 2021 12:39 PM PST Researchers have discovered that an overlooked gene plays a major role in the development of antibodies, which help the immune system recognize and fight viruses including SARS-CoV-2, bacteria and other causes of infectious disease. |
| We might not know half of what’s in our cells, new AI technique reveals Posted: 24 Nov 2021 12:39 PM PST Artificial intelligence-based technique reveals previously unknown cell components that may provide new clues to human development and disease. |
| Butterfly migration: Sun compass on demand Posted: 24 Nov 2021 12:39 PM PST Monarch butterflies employ a sun compass on their long-distance migration. Surprisingly, a new study shows that the compass is only established during flight. |
| New study shows electric fields can improve the efficiency of wastewater purification Posted: 24 Nov 2021 12:38 PM PST A new technological advancement uses an electric field to achieve efficient and low-cost ammonia removal from wastewater. |
| Potential of demand response in reducing CO2 emissions Posted: 24 Nov 2021 12:38 PM PST Demand response (DR) programs incentivize electric grid users to consume less power during peak hours, relieving grid load and reducing CO2 emissions. However, its potential as a practical approach remains unverified. Now, scientists propose an AI-based approach to estimate the DR potential per household based on real-world user behavior, demonstrating that DR programs are beneficial for customers, suppliers, and the environment. |
| Tectonic shift in Southern Ocean caused dramatic ancient cooling event Posted: 23 Nov 2021 01:27 PM PST New research has shed light on a sudden cooling event 34 million years ago, which contributed to formation of the Antarctic ice sheets. |
| New formula provides key to predicting microbial growth Posted: 23 Nov 2021 01:27 PM PST We know combustion engines, such as in cars or power plants, lose efficiency when they run faster -- similarly, a new publication reveals that microbes lose efficiency as their metabolic rates increase. Microorganisms' ability to use energy efficiently in various environmental conditions has consequences for the global climate and carbon cycle, and for biotechnological applications that could address global warming. |
| Scientists find SARS-CoV-2-related coronaviruses in Cambodian bats from 2010 Posted: 23 Nov 2021 01:26 PM PST Scientists have identified coronaviruses closely related to SARS-CoV-2 from two bats sampled in Cambodia more than a decade ago. |
| Research sheds new light on effects of dietary restriction Posted: 23 Nov 2021 01:26 PM PST New research in the tiny nematode worm, C. elegans, has revealed that muscle may be a protected tissue under conditions of dietary restriction. |
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