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ScienceDaily: Top Environment News |
| The oxidation of volcanoes -- a magma opus Posted: 17 Mar 2022 09:03 AM PDT A new study unlocks the science behind a key ingredient -- namely oxygen -- in some of the world's most violent volcanoes. The research offers a new model for understanding the oxidation state of arc magmas, the lavas that form some volcanoes, such as the one that erupted dramatically in Tonga earlier this year. The plume from Tonga's underwater volcanic eruption on Jan. 15 rose 36 miles into the air. Ash from the volcano reached the mesosphere, Earth's third layer of atmosphere. |
| Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease treatment shows promising early results Posted: 17 Mar 2022 08:19 AM PDT A promising new treatment for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) has shown 'very encouraging' early results following its use in six patients. |
| A gene could prevent Parkinson's disease Posted: 17 Mar 2022 08:19 AM PDT Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the destruction of a specific population of neurons: the dopaminergic neurons. A team has investigated the destruction of these dopaminergic neurons using the fruit fly as study model. The scientists identified a key protein in flies, and also in mice, which plays a protective role against this disease and could be a new therapeutic target. |
| Black swifts descended rapidly during lunar eclipse Posted: 17 Mar 2022 08:19 AM PDT An international research team has studied the flight behavior of the mysterious black swift. They found, among other things, that the black swift rises to extreme heights during a full moon, seemingly catching insects in the moonlight. And, during a lunar eclipse, the birds simultaneously lost altitude. |
| Aspects of Asian elephants’ social life are related to their amount of stress hormones Posted: 17 Mar 2022 08:19 AM PDT An international team of scientists found that sociality is linked to stress in Asian elephants. For example, loneliness increased male elephants' level of stress, whereas having babies present reduced the stress level in female elephants. |
| Rare monkey adapts to fragmented habitat by dieting and reducing activity Posted: 17 Mar 2022 08:18 AM PDT A team of scientists found that a rare species of monkey in Bolivia has adapted to living in a fragmented forest by dieting and moving less during lean times. |
| Monkeys play to reduce group tension Posted: 17 Mar 2022 06:47 AM PDT New research has discovered that monkeys use play to avoid conflict and reduce group tension. The study found that adult howler monkeys spend more time playing with other adults, rather than juveniles. And rather than being associated with fun or education, play increases when howler monkeys are foraging for fruit, which is a highly prized resource that generates competition. |
| One bird's joy is another bird's sorrow Posted: 17 Mar 2022 06:47 AM PDT A genetic conflict between the sexes promotes intraspecific diversity in ruffs. Ruffs are characterized by three supergene variants that lead to different appearances and courtship behavior in males. Whether these variants affect females was previously unknown. Researchers now show that females of the so-called Faeder variant produce less offspring. However, this female handicap helps their males: Disguised as females, Faeder males benefit from their own rarity and obtain more matings. The contrasting effect of the variant in males and females thus contributes to its persistence over time. The study thereby provides important insights into the mechanisms that maintain biodiversity. |
| Trial testing cocoa flavanol supplement shows promise for reducing cardiovascular risk Posted: 16 Mar 2022 02:33 PM PDT The first large-scale trial to test the long-term effects of a cocoa flavanol supplement to prevent cardiovascular disease offers promising signals that cocoa flavanols could have protective cardiovascular effects. |
| Scientists identify neurons in the brain that drive competition and social behavior within groups Posted: 16 Mar 2022 02:32 PM PDT In mice, social ranking in a group was linked to the results of competition, and certain neurons in the brain stored this social ranking information to inform decisions. Manipulating the activity of these neurons could increase or decrease an animal's competitive effort and therefore control their ability to successfully compete against others. |
| Researchers find direct links between deforestation and reduced dietary quality Posted: 16 Mar 2022 02:32 PM PDT Current policies for guaranteeing food security emphasize the importance of farmland, but forests play critical roles as well. Forested areas can help communities that rely on wild foods to diversify their diets and meet their nutritional needs, according to researchers who found direct links between deforestation and reduced fruit and vegetable consumption in rural Tanzania. |
| Inhalable 'aerogel' triggers immunity to COVID-19 in mice, may block transmission Posted: 16 Mar 2022 11:58 AM PDT An inhalable 'aerogel' loaded with DNA that encodes for the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein successfully induces an immune response against COVID-19 in the lungs of mice, according to new research. The team said its aerogel could be used to create an inhalable vaccine that blocks SARS-CoV-2 transmission by preventing the virus from establishing an infection in the lungs. |
| Exposure to phthalates -- the 'everywhere chemical' -- may increase children's cancer risk Posted: 16 Mar 2022 11:58 AM PDT New research has linked phthalates, commonly called the 'everywhere chemical,' to higher incidence of specific childhood cancers. |
| A possible new COVID-19 vaccine could be accessible for more of the world Posted: 16 Mar 2022 11:57 AM PDT A new protein subunit vaccine may offer an inexpensive, easy-to-store, and effective alternative to RNA vaccines for COVID-19. |
| Increased tree cover in savannas provides limited benefit in climate fight Posted: 16 Mar 2022 09:08 AM PDT One proposed strategy in the fight against climate change is to increase tree cover in the world's savannas, either through the planting of new trees or fire suppression, to increase the uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide. However, a new study of African savannas suggests this approach is far less effective than previously estimated. "Increasing tree cover in savannas, whether via afforestation or fire suppression, is unlikely to yield the substantial gains in ecosystem carbon storage that have been advertised," said Carla Staver, associate professor of ecology and evolutionary biology in Yale's Faculty of Arts and Sciences, associate director of the Yale Institute for Biospheric Studies, and senior author of the new study. |
| Calculating terrestrial carbon’s role in river and stream emissions Posted: 15 Mar 2022 11:20 AM PDT The interplay between the terrestrial carbon cycle and emissions of carbon dioxide from streams and rivers into the atmosphere is at the center of a new study aimed at calculating the amount for the global carbon emissions budget. |
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