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ScienceDaily: Top Environment News |
| Genetic diversity of C. difficile, a particularly problematic pathogen Posted: 27 Apr 2022 02:14 PM PDT Researchers have used a systems biology approach to parse the genetic diversity of Clostridioides difficile, a particularly problematic pathogen, particularly in health care settings. |
| A refined microbiome 'fingerprint' method tracks sub-strain variants of a single gut microbe strain Posted: 27 Apr 2022 12:41 PM PDT A previously developed a microbiome 'fingerprint' method that identifies single strains of particular gut bacteria through analysis of metagenomics data from fecal samples, has been refined to include looking for single-nucleotide variants in the KEGG metabolic pathways of a particular strain. This magnified analysis shows a short-term difference in sub-strain dynamics of two Bacteroides species between healthy individuals and hospitalized COVID-19 patients. |
| Before Stonehenge monuments, hunter-gatherers made use of open habitats Posted: 27 Apr 2022 11:06 AM PDT Hunter-gatherers made use of open woodland conditions in the millennia before Stonehenge monuments were built, according to a new study. |
| Remote Ireland community survived a millennium of environmental change Posted: 27 Apr 2022 11:06 AM PDT A remote community in Ireland was adaptable enough to persist through a millennium of environmental change, according to a new study. |
| Nanoplastic particles love company: Researchers analyze polyethylene degradation in environment Posted: 27 Apr 2022 09:42 AM PDT Polyethylene accounts for nearly one-third of the world's plastic waste. An interdisciplinary team has now investigated the progressive degradation of polyethylene in the environment for the first time. Although the degradation process leads to fragmentation into ever smaller particles, isolated nanoplastic particles are rarely found in the environment. The reason is that such decay products do not like to remain on their own, but rather attach rapidly to larger colloidal systems that occur naturally in the environment. |
| How one inflammatory disorder exacerbates another Posted: 27 Apr 2022 08:58 AM PDT People with severe gum disease are at a higher risk of other inflammatory conditions, such as heart disease and arthritis, and the reverse is true as well. New research unpacks the mechanism underlying this association, demonstrating in mice that a susceptibility to arthritis can be transmitted by a bone marrow transplant if the donor has gum inflammation. |
| RNA binding proteins help T cells pick their weapons before battle Posted: 27 Apr 2022 08:58 AM PDT Researchers have identified key drivers of T cell development which promote resilience to influenza virus infection. |
| E. coli bacteria exploits Crohn's disease inflammation Posted: 27 Apr 2022 08:57 AM PDT A multi-year study of the role of E. coli gut bacteria in Crohn's disease finds that intestinal inflammation liberates chemicals that nourish the bacteria's growth and promotes their ability to cause inflammation. |
| Monitoring and evaluation of climate adaptation conservation initiatives Posted: 27 Apr 2022 08:57 AM PDT A new study offers pathways to improve monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of climate-informed conservation while revealing how practitioners are currently monitoring conservation adaptation projects. |
| Bat box design, placement matter for energy balance in endangered bats Posted: 27 Apr 2022 08:57 AM PDT New research looks at the effect of bat box design and placement on the energetic balance of endangered Indiana bats. |
| Plastic-eating enzyme could eliminate billions of tons of landfill waste Posted: 27 Apr 2022 08:57 AM PDT An enzyme variant created by engineers and scientists can break down environment-throttling plastics that typically take centuries to degrade in just a matter of hours to days. |
| 'Keto' molecule may be useful in preventing and treating colorectal cancer, study suggests Posted: 27 Apr 2022 08:57 AM PDT Beta-hydroxybutyrate, an alternative-energy molecule produced by the body in response to starvation or low-carb diets, strongly suppresses the growth of colorectal tumors in lab experiments, according to a new study. |
| New cocoa processing method produces fruitier, more 'flowery' dark chocolate Posted: 27 Apr 2022 07:05 AM PDT Producing chocolate, one of the world's most beloved sweets, is a multistep process beginning with freshly harvested cocoa beans. People have been experimenting with chocolate-making for millennia, and even today, new methods are still being introduced. Now, researchers have found that an alternative processing step called 'moist incubation' results in a fruitier, more flowery-tasting dark chocolate than the conventional fermentation process. |
| UK wildlife watchers welcome 'ecological refugees' Posted: 27 Apr 2022 07:05 AM PDT Wildlife watchers generally welcome species that have arrived in the UK due to climate change, new research suggests. |
| Posted: 27 Apr 2022 07:05 AM PDT Hydrogen production using sunlight energy (solar-water splitting) has gained much attention in the quest to move towards carbon-neutral technologies. If chemical products with applications in the health and food industries could be produced at the same time as hydrogen, this would help reduce the cost of solar-water splitting, as well as increasing the technology's range of applications. |
| Threatened South American coati found roaming in a large city Posted: 27 Apr 2022 07:05 AM PDT The South American coati is a medium-sized mammal with a wide distribution in South America. Despite this, it is endangered in southern Brazil, primarily because of the loss of forest habitats. Researchers recorded an individual at the Canoas Airbase, one of the last remaining green spaces in a densely urbanized area of a large city in southern Brazil. |
| New mechanism to transfer chirality between molecules in the nanoscale field Posted: 27 Apr 2022 07:04 AM PDT New research describes how the modulation of the geometry of a helical reactor at a macroscopic level enables controlling the sign of chirality of a process at a nanometric scale, an unprecedented discovery to date in the scientific literature. |
| News from the climate history of the Dead Sea Posted: 27 Apr 2022 07:04 AM PDT The lake level of the Dead Sea is currently dropping by more than one meter every year -- mainly because of the heavy water consumption in the catchment area. However, very strong lake level drops due to climate changes are also known from earlier times. At the end of the last ice age, for example, the water level dropped by almost 250 meters within a few millennia. |
| Preventing infection with an improved silver coating for medical devices Posted: 27 Apr 2022 07:04 AM PDT According to folklore, silver bullets kill werewolves, but in the real world, researchers want to harness this metal to fight another deadly foe: bacteria. Recently, scientists have tried to develop a silver coating for implantable medical devices to protect against infection, but they've had limited success. Scientists now describe a new, long-acting silver-ion releasing coating that, in rats, prevents bacteria from adhering to implants and then kills them. |
| Lignin-based jet fuel packs more power for less pollution Posted: 27 Apr 2022 07:04 AM PDT An experimental plant-based jet fuel could increase engine performance and efficiency, while dispensing with aromatics, the pollution-causing compounds added to conventional fuels, according to new research. |
| Posted: 26 Apr 2022 01:25 PM PDT Novel system could lead to catalysts based on cheaper, more abundant nickel rather than more expensive precious metals. |
| Meat substitutes: Environment does not motivate consumption Posted: 26 Apr 2022 12:37 PM PDT People who have a critical attitude toward factory farming or who pay attention to their health in everyday life are more likely to turn to meat substitutes. Concern for the environment, on the other hand, appears to play no role in this decision. |
| COVID-19 lockdown measures affect air pollution from cities differently Posted: 26 Apr 2022 12:37 PM PDT Seizing on a natural experiment created by restricted travel, researchers combine a network model with air pollution data before and during outbreaks. |
| Complex networks help explain extreme rainfall events Posted: 26 Apr 2022 12:37 PM PDT Researchers propose using a complex-network-based clustering workflow to search for synchronized structures of extreme rainfall events within the context of atmospheric chaos. By doing this, they were able to reconstruct a functional climate network to encode the underlying interaction of the climate system. Clusters on the network revealed regions of similar climatological behaviors. This means extreme rainfalls within different locations are not independent of each other but have a certain degree of similarity. |
| Cellular regeneration therapy restores damaged liver tissue faster than ever Posted: 26 Apr 2022 12:36 PM PDT Mammals can't typically regenerate organs as efficiently as other vertebrates, such as fish and lizards. Now, scientists have found a way to partially reset liver cells to more youthful states -- allowing them to heal damaged tissue at a faster rate than previously observed. The results reveal that the use of reprogramming molecules can improve cell growth, leading to better liver tissue regeneration in mice. |
| New climate modeling predicts increasing occurrences of flash flooding across most of the U.S. Posted: 26 Apr 2022 12:36 PM PDT A research team has created simulations from coupled climate and hydrologic models that demonstrate widespread increases in the occurrences of flash flooding events across most of the United States. |
| Crossing barriers: How the rabbit virus myxoma leapt into a new species Posted: 26 Apr 2022 12:36 PM PDT New research explores the spillover of myxoma virus from European rabbits to Iberian hares. In addition to shedding new light on species-jumping viruses, the study shows that the protein permitting the species jump from rabbits to hares may help improve myxoma as a cancer-fighting agent. |
| Six new species of tiny frog discovered in Mexico Posted: 26 Apr 2022 07:18 AM PDT Scientists have discovered six new species of frog the size of a thumbnail in the forests of Mexico, with one earning the distinction of Mexico's smallest frog. |
| Immersive VR: Empowering kids to survive in fire, flood, and war Posted: 26 Apr 2022 07:17 AM PDT When you live in the driest State in the driest country in the world, bushfires are an unfortunate, and all-too-regular part of life. Learning how to survive such emergencies is important for all people, but especially for our youngest citizens. |
| Protecting species for the good of global climate Posted: 26 Apr 2022 07:17 AM PDT Until now, measures to protect climate and biodiversity have often been developed in parallel. However, this is now considered outdated because many approaches can protect both climate and biodiversity. Scientists have now assessed the role of the potential future global biodiversity targets (Post-2020 Action Targets for 2030) for climate protection and found that about two thirds of these targets can also help to slow climate change. |
| Speed thrills but kills: Major highway in India of particular concern to reptiles and amphibians Posted: 26 Apr 2022 07:17 AM PDT The National Highway 715, which passes through the Kaziranga National Park in Northeast India, is notorious for its roadkill. With protected habitats on both sides of the road, many animals cross it on a daily basis to feed and breed. |
| Pathogens can hitch a ride on plastic to reach the sea Posted: 26 Apr 2022 07:17 AM PDT Microplastics are a pathway for pathogens on land to reach the ocean, with likely consequences for human and wildlife health, according to a new study. This study connects microplastic pollution in the ocean with land-based, diseases-carrying pathogens. The study, published April 26 in the journal Scientific Reports, is the first to connect microplastics in the ocean with land-based pathogens |
| Posted: 26 Apr 2022 07:17 AM PDT Homeowners in Baltimore area neighborhoods where stream restoration would do the most for water quality are far less willing to pay for such projects, than those in other areas, according to a new study. |
| Posted: 26 Apr 2022 07:16 AM PDT A multidisciplinary research team has investigated whether Neanderthals were well adapted to life in the cold or preferred more temperate environmental conditions. Based on investigations in Lichtenberg in the Wendland region (Lower Saxony, Germany), the researchers showed that during the last Ice Age, Neanderthals visited their northernmost settlement areas even during cold phases -- albeit more frequently in the summer months. |
| Death in darkness: A new type of cell death discovered in fly guts Posted: 25 Apr 2022 11:15 AM PDT A research group has discovered a completely unknown type of cell death that takes place in the guts of the common fruit fly. The new process, coined 'erebosis' by the researchers is thought to play a role in gut metabolism. The findings necessitate a revision of the conventional concept of cell death, and at the same time, overturn the previously established theory of tissue homeostasis in the gut. |
| Study identifies gaps in monitoring of streams Posted: 25 Apr 2022 09:10 AM PDT 'We find that gauges are located disproportionally in large, perennial rivers draining more human-occupied watersheds,' the authors write in their paper, which will be published on April 25 in Nature Sustainability. 'Gauges are sparsely distributed in protected areas and rivers characterized by non-perennial flow regimes, both of which are critical to freshwater conservation and water security concerns.' |
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