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ScienceDaily: Top Health News |
Increased risk for breast cancer after childbirth may last more than 20 years Posted: 10 Dec 2018 02:18 PM PST The increased risk for breast cancer that occurs after childbirth can last more than 20 years. The risk may be enhanced when a woman is older at first birth or has a family history of breast cancer, and is not mitigated by breastfeeding. |
Lifespan extension at low temperatures is genetically controlled Posted: 10 Dec 2018 02:18 PM PST A new study indicates that lifespan extension at lower temperatures is not just a matter of turning down the thermostat: it's under active genetic control. |
Reducing variations in feeding practices and fortifying breast milk helps micro-preemies grow Posted: 10 Dec 2018 01:51 PM PST Standardizing feeding practices, including the timing for fortifying breast milk and formula with essential elements like zinc and protein, improves growth trends for the tiniest preterm infants, according to new research. |
New study finds bias against women and girls when intellectual ability is sought Posted: 10 Dec 2018 01:51 PM PST A new study finds bias against both women and girls for jobs or activities requiring intellectual ability. The research underscores the pervasiveness of gender bias, held even among females, in both adults and young children. |
Rapid genetic evolution linked to lighter skin pigmentation Posted: 10 Dec 2018 01:51 PM PST The gene that causes lighter skin pigmentation, SLC24A5, was introduced from eastern African to southern African populations just 2,000 years ago. Strong positive selection caused this gene to rise in frequency among some KhoeSan populations. |
Addressing research gaps could help with development of disability-inclusive workplaces Posted: 10 Dec 2018 01:49 PM PST Filling key gaps in the research and understanding of the treatment of people with disabilities in the workplace could help improve employee success on the job and develop more disability-inclusive workplaces. |
Regrowing damaged nerves hinges on shutting down key genes Posted: 10 Dec 2018 12:06 PM PST Neurons in the brain and spinal cord don't grow back after injury, unlike those in the rest of the body. Now, researchers have identified some of the key steps taken by nerves in the legs as they regenerate. The findings lay out a path that spinal cord neurons might be able to follow -- potentially leading to improved recovery for people paralyzed by spinal cord injuries. |
'Dropout' rate for academic scientists has risen sharply in past 50 years, study finds Posted: 10 Dec 2018 12:06 PM PST An analysis has found that half the people pursuing scientific careers at institutions of higher education will depart the field after five years -- a sharp contrast compared to 50 years ago. |
Key cellular mechanism that triggers pneumonia in humans Posted: 10 Dec 2018 11:49 AM PST Researchers have demonstrated that influenza virus impairs the immune response to pneumococcus, especially monocyte activity. |
Millions of low-risk people with diabetes may be testing their blood sugar too often Posted: 10 Dec 2018 11:49 AM PST For people with Type 2 diabetes, testing blood sugar levels becomes part of everyday life. But a new study suggests that some of them test more often than they need to. Fourteen percent of people with Type 2 diabetes who don't require insulin are buying enough test strips to test their blood sugar two or more times a day -- when they don't need to test nearly that frequently according to medical guidelines. |
Your brain on imagination: It's a lot like reality, study shows Posted: 10 Dec 2018 11:49 AM PST New brain imaging research shows that imagining a threat lights up similar regions as experiencing it does. It suggests imagination can be a powerful tool in overcoming phobias or post traumatic stress. |
Optimal blood pressure treatment for stroke patients Posted: 10 Dec 2018 11:20 AM PST Aggressive treatment of hypertension in stroke patients could do more harm than good in the long term, according to a new study. |
Sprayable gel could help the body fight off cancer after surgery Posted: 10 Dec 2018 11:20 AM PST A research team has developed a spray gel embedded with immune-boosting drugs that could help lower the risk of cancer recurrence after surgery. |
Some brain tumors may respond to immunotherapy Posted: 10 Dec 2018 11:20 AM PST A new study suggests that a slow-growing brain tumor arising in patients affected by neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) may be vulnerable to immunotherapy, which gives the immune system a boost in fighting cancer. |
Dopamine's yin-yang personality: It's an upper and a downer Posted: 10 Dec 2018 10:49 AM PST Dopamine has a reputation as the key player in the brain's reward circuits, making us seek out pleasurable experiences, but growing evidence points to a multipronged role for the neurotransmitter. In particular, dopamine may also reinforce avoidance of painful experiences. Researchers have now mapped dopamine neurons in the brain with fiber photometry and discovered two parallel dopamine circuits driving attractive and aversive reinforcement learning and motivation. |
Editing consciousness: How bereaved people control their thoughts without knowing it Posted: 10 Dec 2018 09:29 AM PST A new study shows that avoidant grievers unconsciously monitor and block the contents of their mind-wandering, a discovery that could lead to more effective psychiatric treatment for bereaved people. The researchers, who studied 29 bereaved subjects, are the first to show how this unconscious thought suppression occurs. |
Physicist creates tiny sensors to assist in cancer detection Posted: 10 Dec 2018 09:29 AM PST A physicist hopes to improve cancer detection with a new and novel class of nanomaterials. |
Personalized medicine tool for inherited colorectal cancer syndrome Posted: 10 Dec 2018 09:29 AM PST An international team of researchers has developed, calibrated, and validated a novel tool for identifying the genetic changes in Lynch syndrome genes that are likely to be responsible for causing symptoms of the disease. |
Providers show interest in prescribing therapeutic cannabinoids Posted: 10 Dec 2018 09:28 AM PST Researchers have found many dermatologists are interested in learning more about and recommending therapeutic cannabinoids to their patients. |
Imaging atomic structure of important immune regulator Posted: 10 Dec 2018 09:28 AM PST A new study provides a biophysical and structural assessment of a critical immune regulating protein called human T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain containing protein-3 (hTIM-3). Understanding the atomic structure of hTIM-3 provides new insights for targeting this protein for numerous cancer and autoimmune therapeutics currently under clinical development. |
Two compounds in coffee may team up to fight Parkinson's Posted: 10 Dec 2018 09:28 AM PST Scientists have found a compound in coffee that may team up with caffeine to fight Parkinson's disease and Lewy body dementia -- two progressive and currently incurable diseases associated with brain degeneration. |
Early career choices appear to influence personality Posted: 10 Dec 2018 08:58 AM PST In the state of Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany, 16-year-old students in middle-track schools decide whether to stay in school to pursue an academic career or enroll in a vocational training program. A new study offers evidence that the path they choose influences their personality years later. |
Predicting leaky heart valves with 3D printing Posted: 10 Dec 2018 08:57 AM PST Researchers have created a novel 3D printing workflow that allows cardiologists to evaluate how different valve sizes will interact with each patient's unique anatomy, before the medical procedure is actually performed. This protocol uses CT scan data to produce physical models of individual patients' aortic valves, in addition to a 'sizer' device to determine the perfect replacement valve size. |
Genetic study of epilepsy points to potential new therapies Posted: 10 Dec 2018 07:54 AM PST The largest study of its kind, led by international researchers has discovered 11 new genes associated with epilepsy. It greatly advances knowledge of the underlying biological causes of epilepsy and may inform the development of new treatments for the condition. |
New light on blocking Shiga and ricin toxins -- And on an iconic biological process Posted: 10 Dec 2018 07:54 AM PST Researchers, setting their sights on Shiga toxin (player in the current E. coli outbreak from romaine lettuce) and ricin (a bioterrorism agent), have now identified potential protective strategies. Their study also sheds new light on glycosylation, the attachment of sugars to large molecules, key to cells' ability to create more diverse molecules beyond what's encoded in the genome. |
How glial cells develop in the brain from neural precursor cells Posted: 10 Dec 2018 07:53 AM PST A research team studied how glial cells develop in the brain from neural precursor cells. They discovered that differentiation involves three stages and that three proteins in the cell nucleus, so-called transcription factors, play a key role in organizing glia-specific transcription of the genes in the cell nucleus. |
New look at Puerto Rico post-Hurricane Maria Posted: 10 Dec 2018 07:53 AM PST Two new research efforts delve into Hurricane Maria's far-reaching effects on the island's forests and on its residents' energy and electricity access. |
Cancer cells distinguished by artificial intelligence-based system Posted: 10 Dec 2018 07:19 AM PST A research team has created a system that uses a convolutional neural network to learn the features distinguishing different cancer cells, based on images from a phase-contrast microscope. This system accurately differentiated human and mouse cancer cells, as well as their radioresistant clones. This novel approach can improve the speed and accuracy of cancer diagnosis by avoiding the laboriousness and potential errors associated with equivalent analyses by humans. |
Memory tests predict brain atrophy and Alzheimer's disease Posted: 10 Dec 2018 07:19 AM PST Use of two episodic memory tests help in predicting brain atrophy and Alzheimer's disease, as indicated by a study. Researchers suggest that comprehensive use of memory tests could improve the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease. |
Hair color gene study sheds new light on roots of redheads' locks Posted: 10 Dec 2018 07:19 AM PST Scientists have discovered eight additional genes linked to red hair, helping to solve a mystery of how redheads inherit their flaming locks. |
Plants as antifungal factories Posted: 10 Dec 2018 07:19 AM PST Researchers have developed a biotechnological tool to produce, in a very efficient manner, antifungal proteins in the leaves of the plant Nicotiana benthamiana. These proteins are promising biomolecules that could be used to develop new antifungals whose properties and mechanisms of action represent improvements on the existing ones, and which can be applied in diverse fields, including crop and postharvest protection and animal and human health. |
New insights into childhood cancer Posted: 10 Dec 2018 07:19 AM PST Peripheral nervous system tumors, known as neuroblastoma, are one of the most common types of childhood tumors. Researchers have now studied the genetic factors behind different tumor subtypes and their prognoses. Their findings enable clinicians to predict the precise clinical course of the disease, and to adapt their treatment regimens accordingly. |
Undiplomatic immunity: Mutation causing arterial autoimmune disease revealed Posted: 10 Dec 2018 06:20 AM PST Takayasu arteritis is an autoimmune disease resulting in chronic aortic inflammation leading to aneurysm or aortic regurgitation. Researchers showed that it is caused by MLX gene mutation. This mutation increased oxidative stress and inflammasome formation and activity, specifically in the aortic valves, explaining the inflammatory state and associated symptoms. This insight suggests the potential value of treating this disease with medicines effective against other conditions involving excessive inflammasome activation. |
Posted: 10 Dec 2018 06:10 AM PST How does cancer spread? While studying human brain tumour cells, a team of scientists found some answers to this crucial, yet so far unanswered question. They looked at a gene called EGFRvIII, which is present in patients with glioblastoma -- a highly aggressive form of brain cancer that spreads quickly and that is difficult to treat. |
Obesity, risk of cognitive dysfunction? Consider high-intensity interval exercise Posted: 10 Dec 2018 06:10 AM PST Researchers have discovered what might be an effective strategy to prevent and combat cognitive dysfunction in obese individuals. They are the first to examine the modulatory role of an exercise-induced protein in the brain that promotes neuron survival and used high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) in obese and normal-weight subjects. Obesity reduces the expression of this protein and lower levels are associated with Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and obesity. HIIE upregulated this protein in the obese subjects compared to normal-weight subjects. |
Promising diagnostic tool for Alzheimer's disease Posted: 10 Dec 2018 06:10 AM PST Researchers have identified in live human brains new radioactive 'tracer' molecules that bind to and 'light up' tau tangles, a protein associated with a number of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease and other related dementias. |
When scientists push people to their tipping point Posted: 10 Dec 2018 05:20 AM PST You probably overestimate just how far someone can push you before you reach your tipping point, new research suggests. A new study tilted people backwards in a device and asked them at what point they thought they would fall if they weren't supported. Most people would have fallen long before they thought they would. |
Diabetes remission predictors in bariatric surgery Posted: 10 Dec 2018 04:25 AM PST Researchers have improved a standard bariatric surgery clinical scoring system (DiaRem) to extend the prediction time for diabetic remission following bariatric (weight-loss) surgery. |
Activating parts of the brain could help alleviate opioid-related social isolation Posted: 10 Dec 2018 04:25 AM PST One of the many painful and challenging aspects of the US opioid crisis is that people abusing opioids often isolate themselves from family and friends, making it difficult for loved ones to help people on a path towards recovery. |
Why feeling empathy could lead former drug users to relapse Posted: 10 Dec 2018 04:25 AM PST Empathy, the awareness of another's feelings and emotions, is a key feature in normal social interactions. But new research suggests that empathy can have detrimental effects on an individual -- and can push former drug users to relapse. |
Genetic changes associated with physical activity reported Posted: 10 Dec 2018 04:25 AM PST Time spent sitting, sleeping and moving appears to be determined, in part, by our genes, researchers have shown. |
Regular flu shots may save heart failure patients' lives Posted: 10 Dec 2018 04:25 AM PST Compared with skipping a flu shot, getting a flu shot was associated with an 18 percent reduced risk of premature death among newly-diagnosed heart failure patients. Moreover, regular annual flu shots were associated with a 19 percent reduction in both all-cause and cardiovascular death when compared with no vaccination. |
Statins have low risk of side effects Posted: 10 Dec 2018 04:25 AM PST Cholesterol-lowering statin drugs are associated with a low risk of side effects. The benefits of statin therapy for most people outweigh the risks. |
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