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ScienceDaily: Top Health News |
| New technique shows in detail where drug molecules hit their targets in the body Posted: 29 Apr 2022 01:36 PM PDT Scientists have invented a way to image, across different tissues and with higher precision than ever before, where drugs bind to their targets in the body. The new method could become a routine tool in drug development. |
| Better residents' health after switch to electric buses Posted: 29 Apr 2022 11:56 AM PDT The health of residents living alongside a bus route in Gothenburg, Sweden, became considerably better when hybrid buses were replaced by buses fully powered by electricity. Along with the noise levels there was a reduction of fatigue, day time sleepiness and low mood, a new study shows. |
| Molecular basis of deep sleep pinpointed, suggests avenues for novel treatments Posted: 29 Apr 2022 11:50 AM PDT Scientists pinpoint the molecular epicenter of deep-sleep regulation. The findings, based on research in mice, identify a gene that makes a protein that regulates delta waves -- electrical signals between neurons that occur during the deepest phases of relaxation and are a hallmark of restorative sleep. |
| A single course of antibiotics affects the gut microbiota of infants Posted: 29 Apr 2022 11:50 AM PDT A study indicates that antibiotics, which kill bacteria, boost the abundance of gut fungal microbiota. The phenomenon can be a contributing factor in the long-term adverse effects of antibiotics, such as inflammatory bowel diseases. |
| How genome organization influences cell fate Posted: 29 Apr 2022 11:50 AM PDT Research shows how a protein complex, called chromatin assembly factor-1, controls genome organization to maintain lineage fidelity. |
| New sleep molecule discovered: 'It shows just how complex the machinery of sleep is' Posted: 29 Apr 2022 11:49 AM PDT Researchers presents a new study demonstrating that a small molecule in brain cells affects the level of hypocretin, which is responsible for making us feel awake during the day and tired at night. People with a genetic variation of this molecule have a higher risk of suffering from daytime sleepiness. |
| Future wearable health tech could measure gases released from skin Posted: 29 Apr 2022 11:49 AM PDT Scientists have taken the first step to creating the next generation of wearable health monitors. |
| Stress, anxiety and depression during pregnancy may hinder toddler's cognitive development Posted: 29 Apr 2022 11:49 AM PDT Women's elevated anxiety, depression and stress during pregnancy altered key features of the fetal brain, which subsequently decreased their offspring's cognitive development at 18 months. These changes also increased internalizing and dysregulation behaviors, according to a new study. Researchers followed a cohort of 97 pregnant women and their babies. The findings further suggest that persistent psychological distress after the baby is born may influence the parent-child interaction and infant self-regulation. |
| New studies show special mental health risks for certain groups of new doctors Posted: 29 Apr 2022 11:49 AM PDT First-year surgery residents, and first-year medical residents in all fields who are members of sexual minorities such as LGBTQ, are more likely than others to develop depression during the stressful training period. |
| New research helps explain how Ritalin sharpens attention Posted: 29 Apr 2022 11:49 AM PDT Researchers found animals that had taken methylphenidate performed better on a visual task of attention, and that the improvement happened exactly when that same metric of neuron activity shifted. |
| Unlocking a cure for carbon monoxide poisoning Posted: 29 Apr 2022 11:49 AM PDT Treatment options are limited for those suffering from carbon monoxide poisoning. Researchers have designed a small molecule that shows promise as a potential treatment that could rapidly clear carbon monoxide from the blood. |
| 'Eye-catching' smartphone app could make it easy to screen for neurological disease at home Posted: 29 Apr 2022 11:49 AM PDT Researchers have developed a smartphone app that could allow people to screen for Alzheimer's disease, ADHD and other neurological diseases and disorders -- by recording closeups of their eye. The app uses a smartphone's built-in near-infrared camera and selfie camera to track how a person's pupil changes in size. These pupil measurements could be used to assess a person's cognitive condition. |
| A novel therapy ameliorates obesity and Type 2 diabetes in mice fed a high-fat diet Posted: 29 Apr 2022 11:48 AM PDT A novel therapy ameliorates obesity and Type 2 diabetes in mice fed a high-fat diet. The therapy acts through sustained release of nitric oxide, a gaseous signaling chemical whose most important function in the body is relaxing the inner muscles of blood vessels. |
| New model for antibacterial mechanism Posted: 29 Apr 2022 11:48 AM PDT Biologists have discovered an aberrant protein that's deadly to bacteria. This erroneously built protein mimics the action of aminoglycosides, a class of antibiotics. The newly discovered protein could serve as a model to help scientists unravel details of those drugs' lethal effects on bacteria -- and potentially point the way to future antibiotics. |
| Scientists detail brain dynamics implicated in neurological conditions Posted: 29 Apr 2022 11:48 AM PDT Researchers used fMRI and a genetic mouse model to study the effects of a neurotransmitter on brain network functional connectivity, a dynamic process crucial for human health and behavior. |
| A new mutation behind synucleinopathies Posted: 29 Apr 2022 11:48 AM PDT Scientists have carried out an extensive study of a newly discovered mutation that can uncover new insights into the molecular basis of pathology formation in a family of disorders that includes Lewy body dementia and Parkinson's disease. |
| High-frequency spinal cord stimulation shows improved longer lasting pain relief Posted: 28 Apr 2022 01:16 PM PDT Researchers at UC San Diego School of Medicine report that high-frequency spinal cord stimulation proved more effective at improving perceived pain reduction than low-frequency SCS in patients studied, and that there was some variation in PPR between male and female patients. |
| Unlocked enzyme structure shows how strigolactone hormone controls plant growth Posted: 28 Apr 2022 01:14 PM PDT As sessile organisms, plants have to continually adapt their growth and architecture to the ever-changing environment. To do so, plants have evolved distinct molecular mechanisms to sense and respond to the environment and integrate the signals from outside with endogenous developmental programs. New research unravels the underlying mechanism of protein targeting and destruction in a specific plant hormone signaling pathway. |
| Neural pathway key to sensation of pleasant touch identified Posted: 28 Apr 2022 11:28 AM PDT Researchers have identified a specific neuropeptide and a neural circuit that transmit pleasant touch from the skin to the brain. The findings eventually may help scientists better understand and treat disorders characterized by touch avoidance and impaired social development. |
| Atherosclerosis: How diseased blood vessels communicate with the brain Posted: 28 Apr 2022 11:28 AM PDT Scientists have been able to demonstrate that nerve signals are exchanged between arteries and the brain in atherosclerosis. |
| Genetic links revealed between severe COVID-19 and other diseases Posted: 28 Apr 2022 11:27 AM PDT A new analysis of data from the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program has uncovered genetic links between COVID-19 severity and certain medical conditions that are known risk factors for severe COVID-19. |
| Higher COVID-19 death rates in the southern U.S. due to behavior differences, study finds Posted: 28 Apr 2022 11:27 AM PDT During the pre-Omicron phases of the COVID-19 pandemic, regions of the U.S. had markedly different mortality rates, primarily due to differences in mask use, school attendance, social distancing, and other behaviors. Had the entire country reacted to the pandemic as the Northeast region, more than 316,000 deaths might have been avoided, 62 percent of those avoidable deaths being in the South, according to a new study. |
| Humans run at the most energy-efficient speed, regardless of distance Posted: 28 Apr 2022 09:54 AM PDT As race season approaches, many runners have the same goal: go faster. But researchers now show that speeding up might require defying our natural biology. By combining data from runners monitored in a lab along with 37,000 runs recorded on wearable fitness trackers, scientists have found that humans' natural tendency is to run at a speed that conserves caloric loss -- something that racers seeking to shave time off their miles will have to overcome. |
| Study tracks COVID-19 infection dynamics in adults Posted: 28 Apr 2022 09:54 AM PDT Scientists tracked the rise and fall of SARS-CoV-2 in the saliva and nasal cavities of people newly infected with the virus. The study was the first to follow acute COVID-19 infections over time through repeated sampling and to compare results from different testing methodologies. |
| Seven hours of sleep is optimal in middle and old age, say researchers Posted: 28 Apr 2022 09:54 AM PDT Seven hours is the ideal amount of sleep for people in their middle age and upwards, with too little or too much little sleep associated with poorer cognitive performance and mental health, say researchers. |
| Gut microbiome may alter response to cancer therapy Posted: 28 Apr 2022 09:54 AM PDT A new study captures the current understanding of the connection between the gut microbiome and therapeutic response to immunotherapy, chemotherapy, cancer surgery and more, pointing to ways that the microbiome could be targeted to improve treatment. |
| A molecular glue for turning on human cell pluripotency Posted: 28 Apr 2022 09:54 AM PDT Researchers report insights into the mechanism of how human NANOG facilitates the activation of cell pluripotency. |
| CAR T drives acute myeloid leukemia into submission in pre-clinical studies Posted: 28 Apr 2022 09:53 AM PDT Investigators have devised a novel method for improving CAR T therapy through a drug combination and cellular engineering that improves the strength and durability of the tumor-killing effect of a CAR T directed against acute myeloid leukemia. |
| CAR-T therapy effective in Black and Hispanic patients Posted: 28 Apr 2022 07:40 AM PDT CAR-T therapy, a form of immunotherapy that revs up T-cells to recognize and destroy cancer cells, has revolutionized the treatment of blood cancers, including certain leukemias, lymphomas, and most recently, multiple myeloma. However, Black and Hispanic people were largely absent from the major clinical trials that led to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval of CAR-T cell therapies. |
| Selection bias may lead to underestimation of risk of CTE in former football players Posted: 28 Apr 2022 07:39 AM PDT Researchers have been studying chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) and while much has been learned, diagnosing the disease still needs to be done post-mortem on autopsied brains donated to a brain bank. One criticism of the research is that brain bank study results have a selection bias because they are based on a subset of players most affected by CTE, and therefore not representative of the population of football players. Now a novel study by researchers from BUSM and Boston University School of Public Health (BUSPH) provides further evidence suggesting a dose-response relationship between football and CTE even after adjusting for selection bias. |
| From blurry to bright: AI tech helps researchers peer into the brains of mice Posted: 28 Apr 2022 07:39 AM PDT Biomedical engineers have developed an artificial intelligence (AI) training strategy to capture images of mouse brain cells in action. The researchers say the AI system, in concert with specialized ultra-small microscopes, make it possible to find precisely where and when cells are activated during movement, learning and memory. |
| Aspirin does not cut risk in non-obstructive coronary artery disease, study finds Posted: 28 Apr 2022 07:39 AM PDT Aspirin therapy, as opposed to statin use, for non-obstructive coronary artery disease does not reduce major cardiovascular events, according to a new study. |
| New study identifies genetic changes in patients who progress to esophageal cancer Posted: 28 Apr 2022 07:39 AM PDT A scientific team who studies a precancerous condition of the esophagus (called Barrett's esophagus or BE) are working to answer how to see genetic changes in cells before they turn cancerous. The team revealed that DNA changes in BE cells that presage esophageal cancer can be spotted years before cancer develops. |
| Unravelling the origins of the human spine Posted: 28 Apr 2022 05:58 AM PDT Scientists have recapitulated in the laboratory how the cellular structures that give rise to our spinal column form sequentially. They have created a 3D in vitro model that mimics how the precursor structures that give rise to the spinal column form during human embryonic development. |
| Gene mutations that contribute to head and neck cancer also provide 'precision' treatment targets Posted: 28 Apr 2022 05:58 AM PDT About one-fifth of often deadly head and neck cancers harbor genetic mutations in a pathway that is key to normal cell growth, and scientists report those mutations, which enable abnormal cancer cell growth, can also make the cancer vulnerable. |
| All cells are important: A roadmap to characterize lymphoma stroma Posted: 28 Apr 2022 05:58 AM PDT Researchers identify gene expression signatures in different types of lymph nodes cells that play an active role in the development of lymphomas. |
| Posted: 28 Apr 2022 05:56 AM PDT In studies using mice grafted with human Ewing sarcoma tissue, researchers have identified a biological pathway that is activated when tissue is starved of oxygen due to rapid growth of a tumor, thereby allowing cancer cells to make genetic changes so they can metastasize to the bone and thrive even when exposed to chemotherapy. |
| Loneliness leads to higher risk of future unemployment Posted: 27 Apr 2022 06:12 PM PDT A new study found that people who reported 'feeling lonely often' were significantly more likely to encounter unemployment later. The analysis also confirmed previous findings that the reverse is true -- people who were unemployed were more likely to experience loneliness later. |
| New details behind the body's response to tuberculosis could lead to a more effective vaccine Posted: 27 Apr 2022 02:14 PM PDT In a person with active tuberculosis, immune activity can promote bacterial clearance, but in some situations, bacteria persist and grow. New research in an animal model of tuberculosis reveals which cellular and molecular features are associated with these different scenarios. Developing a vaccine that targets one or more of these features may effectively combat tuberculosis, which remains a major global health threat. |
| Scientists illuminate mechanism of common drug target Posted: 27 Apr 2022 02:14 PM PDT Using advanced imaging methods, researchers have gained insight into how a common target of drugs sends cellular signals, a finding that may lead to better and more precise therapeutics. |
| An epigenetic cause of miscarriages is identified and cured in mice Posted: 27 Apr 2022 02:14 PM PDT Researchers have discovered a gene responsible for prenatal death when critical epigenetic instructions are missing from egg cells. The study shows that in mice, failed epigenetic suppression of an X-chromosome gene called Xist leads to miscarriage and developmental abnormalities. Forced suppression of maternal Xist rescued the failed miscarriages. |
| Findings open way for personalized MS treatment Posted: 27 Apr 2022 11:06 AM PDT Currently available therapies to treat multiple sclerosis (MS) lack precision and can lead to serious side effects. Researchers have now developed a method for identifying the immune cells involved in autoimmune diseases, and have identified four new target molecules of potential significance for future personalized treatment of MS. |
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