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| COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy could protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection in infants Posted: 08 Jun 2022 10:36 AM PDT New research offers evidence that getting a second or third dose of the COVID-19 vaccine in the final stages of pregnancy offers protection for infants against SARS-CoV-2 infection (the virus that causes COVID-19 illness). |
| Protein discovery reinvigorates promising new therapeutic Posted: 08 Jun 2022 10:36 AM PDT Engineers have developed a therapeutic that they say avoids major allergic reactions that plagued previous versions while maintaining its therapeutic activity. The keys to the discovery were the use of a similar, membrane-bound version of stem cell factor delivered in engineered lipid nanocarriers. |
| New delivery method allows slow-release of broader array of peptide drugs in the body Posted: 08 Jun 2022 10:36 AM PDT A new study describes one of the first entirely new drug delivery microencapsulation approaches in decades. |
| Pregnant women's drinking correlates with their partner's drinking Posted: 08 Jun 2022 08:26 AM PDT Pregnant women's use of alcohol correlates with that of their partner, a new study shows. Paying attention to both parents' use of alcohol may help to prevent drinking during pregnancy, as well as fetal exposure to the adverse effects of alcohol. |
| Posted: 08 Jun 2022 08:26 AM PDT Scientists elucidate, for the first time, the structure of the GABA transporter 1 (GAT-1) protein using cryogenic electron microscopy. The findings could lead to new, better treatments for neurological disorders such as anxiety, autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease. |
| Rapid Ebola diagnosis may be possible with new technology Posted: 08 Jun 2022 08:25 AM PDT A new tool can quickly and reliably identify the presence of Ebola virus in blood samples, according to a new study. The technology, which uses so-called optical microring resonators, potentially could be developed into a rapid diagnostic test for the deadly Ebola virus disease, which kills up to 89% of infected people. |
| Three distinct brain circuits in the thalamus contribute to Parkinson's symptoms Posted: 08 Jun 2022 08:25 AM PDT Neuroscientists identified three circuits in the thalamus that influence the development of motor and nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. And by manipulating these circuits, they could reverse Parkinson's symptoms in mice. |
| Most 'silent' genetic mutations are harmful, not neutral, a finding with broad implications Posted: 08 Jun 2022 08:25 AM PDT In the early 1960s scientists deciphered the genetic code of life, determining the rules by which information in DNA molecules is translated into proteins, the working parts of living cells. They identified three-letter units in DNA sequences, known as codons, that specify each of the 20 amino acids that make up proteins. Occasionally, single-letter misspellings in the genetic code, known as point mutations, occur. Point mutations that alter the resulting protein sequences are called nonsynonymous mutations, while those that do not alter protein sequences are called silent or synonymous mutations. Between one-quarter and one-third of point mutations in protein-coding DNA sequences are synonymous. Ever since the genetic code was cracked, those mutations have generally been assumed to be neutral, or nearly so. |
| Pregnant women produce super antibodies to protect newborns, now scientists know how Posted: 08 Jun 2022 08:24 AM PDT During pregnancy, a subtle molecular change allows immunoglobulin G -- the body's most common type of antibody -- to take on an expanded protective role. Now scientists say this natural process can be replicated to improve vaccines and other antibody-based treatments. |
| Unique insight into the inner workings of our cellular powerplants Posted: 08 Jun 2022 08:24 AM PDT Using advanced microscopy techniques, researchers have visualized in unprecedented detail the machinery that the cells' powerhouses, the mitochondria, use to form their proteins. The results raise hopes of more specific antibiotics and new cancer drugs in the future. |
| Lessons on how to sleep: What we can learn from worms Posted: 08 Jun 2022 08:24 AM PDT Caenorhabditis elegans is a worm that has been used for decades as a model organism. Researchers have found that a specific neuron, called ALA, and the amount of calcium it contains are essential for the homeostatic regulation of sleep in C. elegans. ALA was found to contain more calcium ions when the worms were awake for a long time, and less when they slept. Considering that the molecules involved in sleep regulation are widely conserved, these results may translate to other animals, including humans. |
| New study shows how having had COVID-19 may negatively impact your performance at work Posted: 08 Jun 2022 06:14 AM PDT A new study shows that individuals who had contracted CCOVID-19 reported significantly more cognitive failures at work. |
| Whole-body learning can boost children's letter sound recognition -- the first step toward reading Posted: 08 Jun 2022 06:14 AM PDT Children who move while learning sounds of letters significantly improve their ability to recognize individual letter sounds. |
| Bad dreams could be early warning of Parkinson's disease Posted: 07 Jun 2022 04:44 PM PDT Older adults who start to experience bad dreams or nightmares could be exhibiting the earliest signs of Parkinson's disease, say researchers. |
| Immune protein may drive alcoholism relapse Posted: 07 Jun 2022 04:44 PM PDT Scientists find evidence that the immune protein CSF1 may contribute to feelings of anxiety during alcohol withdrawal. |
| Sponge-like solar cells could be basis for better pacemakers Posted: 07 Jun 2022 01:10 PM PDT Scientists find that holes can also improve technology, including medical devices. The article describes an entirely new way to make a solar cell: by etching holes in the top layer to make it porous. |
| Rapamycin increases Alzheimer's-associated plaques in mice, study finds Posted: 07 Jun 2022 10:09 AM PDT Researchers found that administration of the drug rapamycin in mice was associated with increased beta-amyloid plaques. This is one of the hallmark pathologies of Alzheimer's disease. The study authors caution that rapamycin's effects in beta-amyloid-associated Alzheimer's must be studied more carefully. |
| New theory of decision-making seeks to explain why humans don't make optimal choices Posted: 07 Jun 2022 09:10 AM PDT A new theory of economic decision-making offers an explanation as to why humans, in general, make decisions that are simply adequate, not optimal. |
| Pressures within supply chains paved the way to an oversupply of prescription opioids, experts say Posted: 07 Jun 2022 09:10 AM PDT New research shows pressure from manufacturers and suppliers of opioids, particularly national corporations, influenced how pharmacies bought and distributed those prescriptions. |
| Nanotechnology used to destroy and prevent relapse of solid tumor cancers Posted: 07 Jun 2022 09:10 AM PDT As people across the globe look forward to longer life expectancies, malignant cancers continue to pose threats to human health. The exploration and development of immunotherapy aims to seek new breakthroughs for the treatment of solid tumors. Although immune checkpoint-based immunotherapy has been shown to have great potential, only a small proportion of patients fully respond to this therapy, and the relevant molecular mechanisms need to be further explored. This delivery method is however complex and inefficient. In a breakthrough development, a team of scientists has formulated a novel vaccine which showed high efficacy in the treatment of solid tumors, achieving complete clearance of solid tumors and inducing long-lasting immune memory. This prevents the relapse of tumor growth that the patient originally presented with and provides immunity against similar tumour types. This was shown through the application of this vaccine on melanoma tumor models. |
| New model offers physics-inspired rankings evaluation Posted: 07 Jun 2022 09:10 AM PDT Researchers describe a new way to evaluate rankings. Their goal is not to find one true hierarchy, but to calculate the spread of all possible hierarchies, with each one weighted by its probability. |
| Targeted micronutrition ameliorates allergy symptoms Posted: 07 Jun 2022 09:10 AM PDT Micronutrient deficiencies can promote inflammation and render the immune system particularly sensitive to allergenic substances. In particular, iron deficiency signals danger to immune cells and leads to a more pronounced, exaggerated immune response. For the first time, scientists have conducted a placebo-controlled trial and showed that targeted dietary measures can reduce the symptom burden in allergic reactions. The researchers are therefore treading a completely new path in the care of allergy sufferers. |
| Changing the channel: Study sheds new light on a promising antidepressant Posted: 07 Jun 2022 09:10 AM PDT A study reveals new details about how ketamine works, paving the way toward the development of safe, effective treatments for depression. |
| Creating mRNA with an all-chemical process may allow for customized mRNA vaccines Posted: 07 Jun 2022 09:09 AM PDT A new synthesis method offers hope for creation of advance mRNA vaccines to fight viruses and even cancers. |
| Intriguing connection between diet, eye health and lifespan uncovered Posted: 07 Jun 2022 09:09 AM PDT Researchers have demonstrated a link between diet, circadian rhythms, eye health and lifespan in Drosophila. They additionally and unexpectedly found that processes in the fly eye are actually driving the aging process. |
| Large study reveals stark changes in brain structure for people with anorexia Posted: 07 Jun 2022 09:09 AM PDT New findings highlight clear differences in grey matter for people with anorexia nervosa and point to the importance of early treatment interventions. |
| How genetics influence immunity in patients with type 1 diabetes Posted: 07 Jun 2022 09:09 AM PDT Scientists have characterized the genetic factors that affect the immune response in type 1 diabetes patients, with potential implications for developing new treatments. |
| How fast-growing bacteria can resist antibiotics Posted: 07 Jun 2022 09:09 AM PDT New insights into how some bacteria survive antibiotics could lead to the development of novel treatment strategies. |
| New study unravels why COVID-19 antibody treatments aren't as effective for new variants Posted: 07 Jun 2022 09:09 AM PDT A new study explores the effects of multiple mutations in the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants. The findings can help scientists better understand the properties of current and new variants. The results can also be used to better inform the development of vaccines and therapeutics to counter the threats posed by variants. |
| Low levels of high-risk salmonella evade traditional methods of detection Posted: 07 Jun 2022 09:09 AM PDT Poultry is responsible for more than one out of every five cases of salmonella infection in the U.S. But traditional methods of testing the chicken you grab off the grocery shelf may not be enough to detect all strains of the bacteria, according to new research. |
| Are ultra-processed foods harmful? Experts weigh the evidence Posted: 07 Jun 2022 09:09 AM PDT In new papers and a live debate, leading scientists present arguments for and against incorporating the concept of ultra-processed foods into dietary guidelines. |
| Cigarette smoking doubled risk of developing heart failure, long-term study finds Posted: 07 Jun 2022 09:09 AM PDT A new study has found that people who smoked tobacco cigarettes developed heart failure at twice the rate of those who never smoked. This higher rate occurred in two major heart failure subtypes and confirms that cigarette smoking presents a significant risk factor for both. |
| How mothers calm their distressed infants with soothing signals Posted: 07 Jun 2022 09:09 AM PDT This study demonstrates empirically, for the first time, that synchronized physiology between mothers and babies plays a role in soothing distressed infants, and that treating postpartum depression with cognitive behavioral therapy can improve the synchronicity patterns and thereby augment mothers' ability to soothe their distressed babies. |
| Study explains molecular basis of long COVID symptoms Posted: 07 Jun 2022 09:09 AM PDT A new study in hamsters and human tissue samples provides a better understanding of how the pandemic virus causes depression, anxiety, and the loss of concentration known as 'brain fog' in patients that develop long COVID. |
| Posted: 07 Jun 2022 09:09 AM PDT The most effective intervention to prevent preterm birth is the administration of a natural hormone, progesterone, in patients at risk for premature delivery. Two categories of patients have been eligible for this treatment: those with a short cervix and those with a previous preterm birth. But new research indicates that progesterone is not effective in reducing the rate of preterm birth in women with a prior history of preterm birth. |
| Risk of breakthrough COVID-19 infection after vaccination is higher among people with HIV Posted: 07 Jun 2022 09:09 AM PDT A new study finds that people with HIV have a higher rate of breakthrough COVID-19 infections after vaccination, compared to people without HIV. |
| Common drug-resistant superbug develops fast resistance to 'last resort' antibiotic Posted: 07 Jun 2022 09:08 AM PDT New research has found that Pseudomonas bacterium develops resistance much faster than usual to a common 'last-resort' antibiotic. |
| Neuroscientists identify role of basolateral amygdala neurons Posted: 07 Jun 2022 09:08 AM PDT The basolateral amygdala (BLA) is a region of the brain that has been almost exclusively studied in the context of fear and emotion. Only recently have researchers begun to question whether the BLA may play a larger, overarching role in memory and behavior. Yet almost nothing is known about the neuronal activity of the BLA during naturalistic behavior. To address these questions, neuroscientists at the Sainsbury Wellcome Centre at UCL observed the neuronal activity in this brain region while rats freely engaged with a variety of different ethological stimuli. Interactions with ethological stimuli are relevant to the animal's survival and to the propagation of its genes, and include food, prey and conspecifics. In a new study, published today in Cell Reports, the researchers demonstrate strong responses to these classes of events in the BLA. |
| Deep nerve stimulation consistently reduces blood pressure Posted: 07 Jun 2022 09:05 AM PDT Biomedical engineers are expanding the study of wireless electrodes to treat hypertension and are reporting that blood pressure can be consistently controlled by bioelectronic treatment. |
| Mouse study shows gene therapy may correct creatine deficiency disorder Posted: 06 Jun 2022 06:34 PM PDT A new study in mice finds that a gene therapy appears to correct a rare creatine deficiency disorder that commonly results in intellectual disabilities, problems with speech, involuntary movements and recurrent seizures. |
| Characteristics of stable Vitiligo skin disease Posted: 06 Jun 2022 03:12 PM PDT A new study reveals the unique cell-to-cell communication networks that can perpetuate inflammation and prevent repigmentation in patients with vitiligo disease. |
| Sign languages change, too: The evolution of SELF in ASL Posted: 06 Jun 2022 03:12 PM PDT A new study shows that American Sign Language (ASL) is more linguistically complex than previously understood. In particular, new research documents the emergence of the copula --- a word meaning to be (e.g. is, was, are, were) --- in ASL, something that has been overlooked in previous linguistic analyses. |
| Warning labels could help customers identify hidden sugar in restaurant menus Posted: 06 Jun 2022 03:12 PM PDT Seeing a warning icon on a restaurant menu may help consumers identify the high amounts of added sugar hidden in menu items -- and it may even convince them to reach for healthier items like water, say researchers. |
| COVID-19 accounted for 62% of duty-related law enforcement deaths in 2020, study finds Posted: 06 Jun 2022 10:44 AM PDT While the study looked specifically at COVID-19 deaths among members of law enforcement in 2020, there are important lessons for police and other first responder organizations going forward. |
| New nanoparticles aid sepsis treatment in mice Posted: 06 Jun 2022 08:14 AM PDT Sepsis, the body's overreaction to an infection, affects more than 1.5 million people and kills at least 270,000 every year in the U.S. alone. The standard treatment of antibiotics and fluids is not effective for many patients, and those who survive face a higher risk of death. Researchers have reported a new nanoparticle-based treatment that delivers anti-inflammatory molecules and antibiotics. |
| Screen time, alcohol, and poor sleep for girls: How the pandemic has impacted teens in Australia Posted: 06 Jun 2022 07:56 AM PDT A new study finds that Australian teens had overall improvements in sleep over the two years and some improvements in dietary choices during lockdown, but these were offset by increases in already concerning levels of screen time and worrying trends of alcohol use and poor sleep among girls. |
| Posted: 05 Jun 2022 10:04 AM PDT Patients with multiple myeloma who have been treated with a three-drug combination therapy have a growing number of choices for subsequent treatment. Results of a new study can help patients and their physicians weigh benefits and risks of each option. |
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