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ScienceDaily: Top Health News |
| Understanding learning by inference Posted: 16 Jun 2022 12:25 PM PDT Both humans and other animals are good at learning by inference, using information we do have to figure out things we cannot observe directly. New research shows how our brains achieve this by constructing cognitive maps. |
| A glucose meter could soon say whether you have SARS-CoV-2 antibodies Posted: 16 Jun 2022 12:24 PM PDT Over-the-counter COVID tests can quickly show whether you are infected with SARS-CoV-2. But if you have a positive result, there's no equivalent at-home test to assess how long you're protected against reinfection. Researchers now report a simple, accurate glucose-meter-based test incorporating a novel fusion protein. The researchers say that consumers could someday use this assay to monitor their own SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels. |
| Biochemistry researchers repair and regenerate heart muscle cells Posted: 16 Jun 2022 11:27 AM PDT Researchers are reporting new technology that not only repairs heart muscle cells in mice but also regenerates them following a heart attack, or myocardial infarction as its medically known. |
| Genetic screening algorithm could identify people with kidney disease risk Posted: 16 Jun 2022 11:27 AM PDT By analyzing thousands of genetic risk variants, a new algorithm may be able to predict your risk of developing chronic kidney disease decades before onset. |
| Researchers develop a comprehensive atlas of disease mortality Posted: 16 Jun 2022 11:27 AM PDT Researchers have published a detailed collection of mortality estimates for diseases, disorders and external factors. The study provides a resource to estimate reductions in life expectancy for a comprehensive range of disorders. The atlas will be a useful tool for clinicians, academics, and policymakers looking into links between disorders and mortality estimates, as well as for researchers studying specific diseases. |
| Computer tool can track stroke rehabilitation to boost recovery Posted: 16 Jun 2022 11:27 AM PDT A sensor-equipped computer program can accurately identify and count arm movements in people undergoing stroke rehabilitation, a new study shows. |
| Repeated hurricane exposure linked to adverse psychological symptoms Posted: 16 Jun 2022 10:52 AM PDT Repeated exposure to hurricanes, whether direct, indirect or media-based, is linked to adverse psychological symptoms and may be associated with increased mental health problems, according to a new study. |
| To treat or to tolerate (pathogens), that is the question Posted: 16 Jun 2022 10:52 AM PDT Scientists have used Xenopus laevis tadpoles to tease out the genetic and biological mechanisms that enhance disease tolerance, and have identified drugs that can keep the tadpoles alive even in the presence of lethal bacteria. Many of the same mechanisms are also found in mammals, suggesting that humans and other animals could one day be treated for disease by increasing their tolerance to pathogens rather than killing the pathogens themselves. |
| Posted: 16 Jun 2022 10:52 AM PDT Humans tend to form groups, which often find themselves in conflict with rival groups. But why do people show such a ready tendency to harm people in opposing groups? A new study led by researchers at Virginia Commonwealth University used functional brain imaging technology to reveal a potential answer: It increases activity in the brain's reward network. |
| Drilling for rare disease therapeutics Posted: 16 Jun 2022 10:52 AM PDT A drug discovery approach developed -- in part inspired by oil companies -- revealed why drugs for cystic fibrosis fall short. |
| Peanut allergy treatment safest when started for infants under 12 months, researchers find Posted: 16 Jun 2022 09:16 AM PDT Researchers demonstrated in 2019 that pre-schoolers can safely overcome peanut allergies with a treatment called oral immunotherapy. Now they have evidence that the earlier pre-schoolers start this treatment, the better. This real-world study focused on infants younger than 12 months old and reveals that not only is oral immunotherapy effective against peanut allergies, it's even safer for this age group than it is for toddlers and older pre-schoolers. |
| Shedding light on linguistic diversity and its evolution Posted: 16 Jun 2022 09:16 AM PDT Scholars have created a new global repository of linguistic data. The project is designed to facilitate new insights into the evolution of words and sounds of the languages spoken across the world today. The Lexibank database contains standardized lexical data for more than 2000 languages. It is the most extensive publicly available collection compiled so far. |
| Tight budgeters beware: Skip the coffee before shopping Posted: 16 Jun 2022 09:16 AM PDT The study found that shoppers who drank a cup of complimentary caffeinated coffee prior to roaming the stores spent about 50 percent more money and bought nearly 30 percent more items than shoppers who drank decaf or water. |
| Posted: 16 Jun 2022 09:16 AM PDT A common hormone disorder among women of reproductive age has been linked to an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events and pregnancy outcomes at the time of birth, according to a new study. |
| 30-year study links childhood obesity and fitness to midlife cognition Posted: 16 Jun 2022 09:15 AM PDT A new study of the impact of childhood fitness and obesity on cognition in middle age, followed over 1200 people who were children in 1985 for over 30 years, has found that better performance on physical tests is related to better cognition later in life and may protect against dementia in later years. Importantly these findings are not impacted by academic ability and socioeconomic status at childhood, or by smoking and alcohol consumption at midlife. |
| Who wants to be a billionaire? Most don't -- which is good news for the planet Posted: 16 Jun 2022 09:15 AM PDT A new study busts the long-held economic belief that humans are all motivated to want more and more, which could have important implications for sustainability policies. |
| Molecular 3D-maps unlock new ways of studying human reproduction Posted: 16 Jun 2022 09:15 AM PDT Scientists have identified the biochemical signals that control the emergence of the body pattern in the primate embryo. This will guide work to understand birth defects and pregnancy loss in humans. |
| How the cerebellum modulates our ability to socialize Posted: 16 Jun 2022 09:15 AM PDT The cerebellum is essential for sensorimotor control but also contributes to higher cognitive functions including social behaviors. Researchers uncovered how dopamine in the cerebellum modulates social behaviors via its action on D2 receptors (D2R). These new findings pave the way to determine whether socially related psychiatric disorders are also associated with altered dopamine receptors expression in specific cerebellar cell types. |
| Posted: 16 Jun 2022 09:15 AM PDT During recent decades, the rate of infertility among women in the United States has remained largely the same, according to researchers. Their new analysis of data collected from 1995 and 2019 found that infertility is more common among women who are older, who are non-Hispanic Black and who have less income or education, and women without access to sexual and reproductive health services. |
| Posted: 16 Jun 2022 07:19 AM PDT A new study shows targeting a protein in smooth muscle cells can block and decrease buildup of atherosclerotic plaque in mouse models, according to researchers. |
| New solution for stem cell manufacturing Posted: 16 Jun 2022 07:19 AM PDT Researchers have developed a unique 3D printed system for harvesting stem cells from bioreactors. |
| Global warming is threatening the health of people in Britain Posted: 16 Jun 2022 07:19 AM PDT Heatwaves are making more people in rural areas of England severely ill today than they were in the 1980s, according to new research. |
| Nanochannels light the way towards new medicine Posted: 16 Jun 2022 07:19 AM PDT To develop new drugs and vaccines, detailed knowledge about nature's smallest biological building blocks -- the biomolecules -- is required. Researchers are now presenting a groundbreaking microscopy technique that allows proteins, DNA and other tiny biological particles to be studied in their natural state in a completely new way. |
| Posted: 15 Jun 2022 06:13 PM PDT Researchers have found that more than a quarter of asthma patients are still over-using inhalers intended for rapid relief of symptoms. Overuse of these inhalers is linked to an increased risk of hospital admissions and severe asthma attacks. They also found that prescribing varies between GP practices, with some overprescribing rescue inhalers to 6% of their asthma patients and some to as many as 60%. |
| Polio outbreak risk increases in western Ukraine as war ensues Posted: 15 Jun 2022 06:13 PM PDT The reintroduction of the wild-type poliovirus or circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) is a sizeable threat in Ukraine, which is considered a high-risk country for vaccine-preventable infections, including poliomyelitis, an extremely dangerous disease that causes paralysis in children. The situation has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, the war in eastern Ukraine, and ongoing healthcare reforms, scientists say. |
| Biotechnology platforms enable fast, customizable vaccine production Posted: 15 Jun 2022 06:13 PM PDT An examination of the COVID-related transition to biotechnology platform-based techniques for vaccine development concludes that such smart manufacturing techniques could in the future be applied to other viruses, potentially allowing vaccine development to keep pace with constantly evolving pathogens. |
| Posted: 15 Jun 2022 04:21 PM PDT A new study finds that adult flu vaccination dropped in states with low rates of COVID-19 vaccination, suggesting that decades of successful public health vaccination efforts may be unraveling in the wake of the COVID-19 vaccine roll out. |
| Qatar Omicron-wave study shows slow decline of natural immunity, rapid decline of vaccine immunity Posted: 15 Jun 2022 04:21 PM PDT A recent Pfizer or Moderna mRNA-vaccine booster provided good but temporary protection against infection by the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, according to a new study. |
| New system that defines Huntington's Disease will 'revolutionize' drug trials Posted: 15 Jun 2022 04:21 PM PDT A novel staging framework that assesses the progression of Huntington's disease (HD), similar to the way cancer is staged 0 to 4, has been developed by scientists; this 'significant' step paves the way for clinical trials of drugs in the earliest phase of disease. |
| Trade the chair for fresh air: Sitting time and cardio health Posted: 15 Jun 2022 12:27 PM PDT New research is adding further weight to the argument that prolonged sitting may be hazardous to your health. An international study surveying more than 100,000 individuals in 21 countries found that people who sat for six to eight hours a day had a 12-13 per cent increased risk for early death and heart disease, while those who sat for more than eight hours daily increased that to a sobering 20 per cent. |
| Mechanism leading to drug resistance in prostate cancer Posted: 15 Jun 2022 11:57 AM PDT Researchers reveal a mechanism by which prostate cancer cells become resistant through molecular modification of the androgen receptor protein and identify a potential treatment approach that could overcome this resistance. |
| Dog-assisted interventions lead to lower stress levels in children Posted: 15 Jun 2022 11:21 AM PDT Dog-assisted interventions can lead to significantly lower stress in children both with and without special needs, according to a new study using salivary cortisol levels. |
| Helping middle school students achieve more Posted: 15 Jun 2022 10:47 AM PDT A new study of intermediate school students in urban California and New York shows promise for underachievers. Researchers found that early intervention with teachers, training students that achievement is malleable and achievable, caused struggling students to flourish and improve their grades. |
| No peers, no beers: Research shows youth substance use declined during the COVID-19 pandemic Posted: 15 Jun 2022 10:08 AM PDT With stay-at-home orders during the COVID-19 pandemic, youth spent more time at home with family and were more isolated from in-person interaction with peers. Largely due to this social isolation from peers, substance use among youth declined, according to researchers. |
| Posted: 15 Jun 2022 10:08 AM PDT Scientists gained new insights into RNA-mediated regulation of proteins (riboregulation) and its role in controlling cell growth, and most importantly how undifferentiated cells (embryonic stem cells) transform into specialised cells (e.g., liver cells). They discovered this while studying how mRNA molecules bind to and regulate ENO1, an enzyme involved in glucose metabolism. This contrasts to most previous studies, which focused on how proteins regulate RNA, this one shows that an RNA regulates a protein. This new perspective on riboregulation may represent a more widespread and meaningful principle of biological control. |
| COVID-19 on the brain: Neurological symptoms persist in majority of long-haulers Posted: 15 Jun 2022 10:08 AM PDT A new study describes the short- and long-term neurological symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and identifies a new group of COVID-19 long-haulers with advanced motor and cognitive symptoms. |
| Androgen receptor signaling contributes to targeted therapy resistance in melanoma Posted: 15 Jun 2022 08:32 AM PDT Androgen receptor (AR) signaling affects response to BRAF/MEK inhibitor therapy in both males and females with melanoma, researchers have shown. The findings provide a new target to combat therapeutic resistance and one possible answer to why men face a poorer prognosis than women when diagnosed with melanoma. |
| Sampling surfaces for COVID-19 virus at public health laboratories Posted: 15 Jun 2022 08:32 AM PDT A new study shows that the methodology used to detect the COVID-19 virus in nasal swabs at public health clinics can be used to detect the virus on surfaces in indoor settings such as schools. |
| Posted: 15 Jun 2022 08:32 AM PDT Higher exposure to air pollution is associated with higher functional brain connectivity among several brain regions in preadolescents, while exposure to traffic noise was not, according to a study. The findings also identify the first years of life as the most sensitive period of exposure to air pollution. |
| Losing a grandmother may trigger rise in depression for some of her survivors Posted: 15 Jun 2022 08:32 AM PDT New research found that for up to seven years after the death of their grandmother, adolescent boys had a 50% increase in depression symptoms compared to peers who were not grieving. Additionally, this loss also was associated with a higher chance of both adolescent boys' and girls' mothers also becoming depressed. |
| Opioid use disorder: Flexible treatment at home proves effective Posted: 15 Jun 2022 08:32 AM PDT Initial results of the Canadian OPTIMA study comparing the efficacy of two models of care for treating opioid use disorder have been completed. |
| Origins of the Black Death identified Posted: 15 Jun 2022 08:32 AM PDT The Black Death, the biggest pandemic of our history, was caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and lasted in Europe between the years 1346 and 1353. Despite the pandemic's immense demographic and societal impacts, its origins have long been elusive. Now, scientists have obtained and studied ancient Y. pestis genomes that trace the pandemic's origins to Central Asia. |
| The benefits of exercise in a pill? Science is closer to that goal Posted: 15 Jun 2022 08:32 AM PDT Researchers have identified a molecule in the blood that is produced during exercise and can effectively reduce food intake and obesity in mice. |
| Ageism and health: Study shows close links Posted: 15 Jun 2022 08:32 AM PDT Older adults who have worse physical health or mental health, and those with more chronic conditions, are more likely to have experienced many forms of ageism. |
| Mechanism of expanding bacteria revealed Posted: 15 Jun 2022 08:32 AM PDT The process that allows bacteria to expand and grow while maintaining the strength of the cell walls has been identified as offering a potential new target for antibiotics. |
| Tumor 'signatures' could provide key to more accurate treatment for deadliest cancers Posted: 15 Jun 2022 08:32 AM PDT Scientists have found a way to identify and interpret 'signatures' that reveal the complex genetic causes of some of the deadliest cancers -- which often have a survival rate of less than 10%. The results could allow them to develop more accurate treatments and significantly improve survival rates. |
| Blood fat levels predict diabetes remission following gastric bypass surgery Posted: 15 Jun 2022 08:28 AM PDT A newly developed test could help doctors more accurately predict whether individuals who undergo gastric bypass surgery will experience a remission of type 2 diabetes within two years of the procedure. |
| Lager beer, whether it contains alcohol or not, could help men's gut microbes Posted: 15 Jun 2022 07:29 AM PDT Like wine, beer can have health benefits when consumed in moderation. Non-alcoholic beers have become wildly popular recently, but are these drinks also healthful? In a pilot study, researchers report that compared to their pre-trial microbiome, men who drank either one alcoholic or non-alcoholic lager daily had a more diverse set of gut microbes, which can reduce the risk for some diseases. |
| New material paves the way for remote-controlled medication and electronic pills Posted: 15 Jun 2022 07:29 AM PDT Biomedicines are produced by living cells and are used to treat cancer and autoimmune diseases among other things. One challenge is that the medicines are very expensive to produce, something that limits global access. Now researchers have invented a material that uses electrical signals to capture and release biomolecules. The new and efficient method may have a major impact in the development of biomedicines and pave the way for the development of electronic pills and drug implants. |
| High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) can control prostate cancer with fewer side effects Posted: 15 Jun 2022 07:29 AM PDT High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) can help some men with prostate cancer avoid surgery or radiation. |
| Posted: 15 Jun 2022 07:29 AM PDT Data from two large cancer centres in the United States have shown that the COVID-19 pandemic caused substantial disruption to clinical trials for cancer treatment and care. After a 46% decrease in new patient accruals, and a 24% decrease in newly activated trials between March and May 2020, a bounceback was seen in 2021. The findings suggest ways of improving the running of clinical trials and improving patients access to them worldwide. |
| Nordic walking improves functional capacity in people with heart disease Posted: 15 Jun 2022 07:29 AM PDT Researchers identified a greater increase in functional capacity, the ability to perform activities of daily living, as a result of Nordic walking in patients with coronary heart disease compared to standard high-intensity interval training and moderate-to-vigorous intensity continuous training. |
| Cholesterol-lowering gene changes may increase the risk of cataracts Posted: 15 Jun 2022 07:29 AM PDT Researchers used large-scale genotyping and exome sequencing from the UK Biobank to gain insight into the expected effects of long-term statin use on cataract risk. The analysis found that common genetic variants in more than 402,000 people, who were not taking statins, that mimic the effects of LDL-cholesterol lowering statins are associated with a higher risk of cataracts and cataract surgery. They also found that rare genetic mutations in 169,172 people, mimicking statin treatment, increased the risk of developing cataracts by nearly five times. |
| Genetic discovery could spell mosquitoes' death knell Posted: 15 Jun 2022 07:28 AM PDT A genetic discovery could turn disease-carrying mosquitoes into insect Peter Pans, preventing them from ever maturing or multiplying. |
| Immunity boosting treatment enhances CAR-T cell therapy for blood cancers Posted: 14 Jun 2022 01:44 PM PDT A new study shows that treatment with an immunity boosting protein called interleukin 7 (IL-7) after an infusion of genetically modified T cells causes the cancer-fighting CAR-T cells to grow in number and become more effective at killing tumor cells. |
| Researchers develop pancreatic beta-cell restoring therapy for treating type 1 diabetes Posted: 14 Jun 2022 01:44 PM PDT Researchers have successfully treated type 1 diabetes in mice using pancreatic beta-cell, target-specific, chimeric antigen-receptor (CAR) regulatory T cells (Tregs), and demonstrated the feasibility of their approach to treat the human condition according to new data. |
| Prolonged, low-level radon exposure still a leading cause of lung cancer Posted: 14 Jun 2022 12:37 PM PDT A study shows a strong relationship between prolonged exposure to low levels of radon and lung cancer, indicating a need for enhanced protection measures. Radon gas in the air decays into tiny radioactive particles which can damage lung cells and lead to cancer. |
| A dynamic duo of cells identified in lung blood vessels Posted: 14 Jun 2022 12:37 PM PDT Scientists have identified two subtypes of lung blood vessel cells. One subtype expresses more genes involved in inflammation and the regulation of the immune response; the other expresses more genes involved in cell regeneration and proliferation. The findings could lead to better treatments for lung infections. |
| A biological super glue from mistletoe berries? Posted: 14 Jun 2022 11:16 AM PDT Researchers suggests that mistletoe viscin's ultra-stiff flexible fibers, which adhere to both skin and cartilage as well as to various synthetic materials, could have a range of applications -- both biomedical and beyond. |
| Opioid analgesic fentanyl may cause autism-like behavior in young mice, study finds Posted: 14 Jun 2022 11:15 AM PDT A new study reveals that opioid analgesic fentanyl may induce autism-like behaviors in young male and female mice. The findings indicate that reduced expression of the gene Grin2b in the anterior cingulate cortex of the brain following fentanyl treatment accounts for the autism-like behavior in the mice. However, there is no current evidence that fentanyl is associated with a similar effect in humans. The outcomes of the animal study are not an indication to avoid fentanyl in clinical use. |
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