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ScienceDaily: Top News |
| Antarctica remains the wild card for sea-level rise estimates through 2100 Posted: 05 May 2021 02:49 PM PDT A massive collaborative research project offers projections to the year 2100 of future sea-level rise from all sources of land ice, offering the most complete projections created to date. |
| The last battle of Anne of Brittany: isotopic study of the soldiers of 1491 Posted: 05 May 2021 02:49 PM PDT A multidisciplinary team of researchers has recognized the soldiers of the last battles of the siege of Rennes in 1491. These are the only witnesses of the forces involved in the conflict between the armies of Duchess Anne of Brittany and the King of France. |
| Supersymmetry-inspired microlaser arrays pave way for powering chip-sized optical systems Posted: 05 May 2021 11:55 AM PDT Ring microlasers are eyed as potential light sources for photonic applications, but they first must be made more powerful. Combining multiple microlasers into an array solves only half of the problem, as this adds noisy 'modes' to the resulting laser light. Now, thanks to the math behind supersymmetry theory, engineers have achieved single-mode lasing from such an array. By calculating the necessary properties for 'superpartner' arrays, they can cancel out the unwanted extra modes. |
| Repurposing tabletop sensors to search for dark matter Posted: 05 May 2021 11:55 AM PDT Researchers across the dark matter community that have begun to wonder if they are looking for the right type of dark matter. They have proposed a new way to look for the particles that might make up dark matter by repurposing existing tabletop sensor technology. |
| Crohn's disease patients have specific IgG antibodies to human bacterial flagellins Posted: 05 May 2021 10:05 AM PDT Last year, researchers used a mouse model that included immune-reactive T cells from patients with Crohn's disease in a proof-of-principle demonstration that a flagellin-directed immunotherapy might provide similar benefits in patients. Now they have moved a step closer to possible clinical testing of this treatment, with a study that describes IgG antibodies in Crohn's disease specific for human-derived flagellins of bacteria in the Lachnospiraceae family. |
| Our immune systems blanket the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with antibodies Posted: 05 May 2021 10:05 AM PDT A previously underappreciated part of the body's natural defense against SARS-CoV-2, called non-RBD-directed antibodies, actually plays a major role in combating the virus, according to a new study. That's good news for scientists designing the next generation of vaccines to protect against variants of the virus or future emerging coronaviruses. |
| Scientists model Saturn's interior, explain planet's unique magnetic field Posted: 05 May 2021 10:05 AM PDT New simulations offer an intriguing look into Saturn's interior, suggesting that a thick layer of helium rain influences the planet's magnetic field. |
| Stabilization of the borafluorene anion with carbenes Posted: 05 May 2021 10:05 AM PDT The incorporation of boron into polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon systems leads to interesting chromophoric and fluorescing materials for optoelectronics, including organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDS) and field-effect transistors, as well as polymer-based sensors. A research team has now introduced a new anionic organoborane compound. Synthesis of the borafluorene succeeded through the use of carbenes. |
| Process for eliminating unneeded cells may also protect against cancer Posted: 05 May 2021 08:37 AM PDT Biologists find cell extrusion, a process that helps organisms eliminated unneeded cells, is triggered when cells can't replicate their DNA during cell division. In humans, extrusion may serve as a way for the body to eliminate cancerous or precancerous cells. |
| Stem cells create early human embryo structure in advance for fertility research Posted: 05 May 2021 08:37 AM PDT Stem cells have the ability to turn into different types of cell. Now scientists have developed a method to organize lab-grown stem cells into an accurate model of the first stage of human embryo development. |
| Leather-like material created from silk proteins Posted: 05 May 2021 08:37 AM PDT Engineers have created an environmentally friendly leather alternative made from silk. The material can be printed into different patterns and textures, has similar physical properties to real leather, and can withstand the folding, piercing, and stretching typically used to create leather goods. |
| International study links brain thinning to psychosis Posted: 05 May 2021 08:37 AM PDT Subtle differences in the shape of the brain that are present in adolescence are associated with the development of psychosis, according to an international team. The 'sobering' results were made using the largest study to date of brain scans in adolescents at risk for psychosis. |
| Targeted methods to control SARS-CoV-2 spread Posted: 05 May 2021 08:37 AM PDT Researchers analyze more palatable alternatives to the kind of social distancing mandates that threw a wrench at how businesses, schools and even family gatherings work. |
| Personalized sweat sensor reliably monitors blood glucose without finger pricks Posted: 05 May 2021 08:37 AM PDT Many people with diabetes endure multiple, painful finger pricks each day to measure their blood glucose. Now, researchers have developed a device that can measure glucose in sweat with the touch of a fingertip, and then a personalized algorithm provides an accurate estimate of blood glucose levels. |
| Fast changing smells can teach mice about space Posted: 05 May 2021 08:37 AM PDT Researchers have found that mice can sense extremely fast and subtle changes in the structure of odors and use this to guide their behavior. The findings alter the current view on how odors are detected and processed in the mammalian brain. |
| New bonobo genome fine tunes great ape evolution studies Posted: 05 May 2021 08:36 AM PDT A new, high-quality bonobo genome assembly has been constructed. It is allowing scientists to more accurately compare the bonobo genome to that of other great apes - the gorilla, orangutan, chimpanzee - and to the modern human. This analysis is revealing new information about hominid evolution, distinctions between chimps and bonobos and genetic relations among present-day hominids, and predicts a greater fraction of the human genome is genetically closer to chimps and bonobos. |
| Catastrophic sea-level rise from Antarctic melting possible with severe global warming Posted: 05 May 2021 08:13 AM PDT The Antarctic ice sheet is much less likely to become unstable and cause dramatic sea-level rise in upcoming centuries if the world follows policies that keep global warming below a key 2015 Paris climate agreement target, according to a new study. |
| The oldest human burial in Africa Posted: 05 May 2021 08:13 AM PDT A new study details the earliest modern human burial in Africa. The remains of a 2.5 to 3 year-old child were found in a flexed position, deliberately buried in a shallow grave directly under the sheltered overhang of the cave. The interment at Panga ya Saidi joins increasing evidence of early complex social behaviors in Homo sapiens. |
| Novel CBD analog shows promising pain-halting effects in mice Posted: 05 May 2021 08:13 AM PDT Studies have shown that while CBD reduces pain sensation in animals, its ability to do so in humans is limited by low bioavailability, the extent to which the drug successfully reaches its site of action. Now, new research suggests this obstacle may be overcome by a novel CBD analog known as KLS-13019. |
| Large bumblebees start work earlier Posted: 05 May 2021 07:20 AM PDT Larger bumblebees are more likely to go out foraging in the low light of dawn, new research shows. |
| New Monarch butterfly breeding pattern inspires hope Posted: 05 May 2021 07:20 AM PDT A count of the Western Monarch butterfly population last winter saw a staggering drop in numbers, but there are hopeful signs the beautiful pollinators are adapting to a changing climate and ecology. |
| 'Oddball supernova' appears strangely cool before exploding Posted: 05 May 2021 06:44 AM PDT Astronomers examined a massive star two-and-a-half years before it exploded into a supernova. At the end of their lives, cool, yellow stars are typically shrouded in hydrogen, which conceals the star's hot, blue interior. But this yellow star, located 35 million light-years from Earth in the Virgo galaxy cluster, was mysteriously lacking this crucial hydrogen layer at the time of its explosion. |
| Focused ultrasound enables precise noninvasive therapy Posted: 05 May 2021 06:44 AM PDT New research demonstrates that noninvasive neuromodulation via low-intensity ultrasound can have cell-type selectivity in manipulating neurons. |
| Detailed look at how charge transfer distorts a molecule's structure Posted: 05 May 2021 06:44 AM PDT When light hits certain molecules, it dislodges electrons that then move from one location to another, creating areas of positive and negative charge. This 'charge transfer' is highly important in many areas of chemistry, photosynthesis and semiconductor devices and solar cells. A new study reveals how a molecule's structure changes as charge is redistributed, with some chemical bonds getting longer and some shorter, before finally relaxing back into its original state. |
| Restricting growth, spread of head and neck cancers Posted: 05 May 2021 06:44 AM PDT Researchers have discovered a key molecule that allows cancer stem cells to bypass the body's natural immune defenses, spurring the growth and spread of head and neck squamous cell cancers. Their study, conducted in mice, also demonstrates that inhibiting this molecule derails cancer progression and helps eliminate these stem cells. |
| Thin, large-area device converts infrared light into images Posted: 05 May 2021 06:44 AM PDT An infrared imager developed by engineers could be used to see through smog and fog; easily locate blood vessels on a patient; and see through silicon wafers to inspect the quality of electronic boards. It is also slim, compact and less costly to fabricate than similar technologies. |
| Coral fights back against crown of thorns starfish Posted: 05 May 2021 06:02 AM PDT Coral can fight back against attacking juvenile crown of thorns starfish - using stinging cells to injure and even kill, showing that coral are not as passive as people may think. |
| New algorithm uses a hologram to control trapped ions Posted: 05 May 2021 04:50 AM PDT Researchers have discovered the most precise way to control individual ions using holographic optical engineering technology. |
| Small things can have a major effect on the prevention of biodiversity loss Posted: 05 May 2021 04:50 AM PDT The population growth of an endangered butterfly species is greatest in habitats with microclimatic variability, demonstrates a new study. |
| When algorithms go bad: How consumers respond Posted: 05 May 2021 04:50 AM PDT Consumers are less forgiving of brand failures when algorithms are anthropomorphized, use machine learning, or are used for subjective or interactive tasks. |
| How accurate are virtual assessments of cognitive function? Posted: 05 May 2021 04:48 AM PDT A new analysis examines the accuracy and reliability of virtual compared with in-person cognitive assessments for diagnosing dementia or mild cognitive impairment. |
| New study deconstructs Dunbar's number (number of friends) Posted: 04 May 2021 06:10 PM PDT An individual human can maintain stable social relationships with about 150 people, not more. This is the proposition known as 'Dunbar's number' - that the architecture of the human brain sets an upper limit on our social lives. A new study indicates that a cognitive limit on human group sizes cannot be derived in this manner. |
| Loan applications processed around midday more likely to be rejected Posted: 04 May 2021 04:16 PM PDT Bank credit officers are more likely to approve loan applications earlier and later in the day, while 'decision fatigue' around midday is associated with defaulting to the safer option of saying no, according to a new study. |
| Gene therapy in Alzheimer's disease mouse model preserves learning and memory Posted: 04 May 2021 04:16 PM PDT Researchers have used gene therapy to prevent learning and memory loss in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, a key step toward eventually testing the approach in humans with the neurodegenerative disease. |
| Long-term monitoring shows successful restoration of mining-polluted streams Posted: 04 May 2021 04:16 PM PDT Many miles of streams and rivers are polluted by toxic metals in acidic runoff draining from abandoned mining sites, and major investments have been made to clean up acid mine drainage at some sites. A new study based on long-term monitoring data from four sites in the western United States shows that cleanup efforts can allow affected streams to recover to near natural conditions within 10 to 15 years after the start of abatement work. |
| Swarm of photons can somersault in lockstep Posted: 04 May 2021 04:15 PM PDT Scientists demonstrate the surprising result that photons in vacuum can have orbital angular momentum (OAM) vectors pointing sideways, at 90 degrees to the direction of propagation - a result literally orthogonal to the decades-long expectation that OAM vectors could only point forward or backward. |
| Neighborhood disadvantage may be an environmental risk factor for brain development Posted: 04 May 2021 04:14 PM PDT A new study suggests that certain neighborhoods - particularly those characterized by poverty and unemployment - may pose an environmental risk to the developing brains of children, impacting neurocognitive performance and even brain size. |
| Citrus derivative makes transparent wood 100 percent renewable Posted: 04 May 2021 12:45 PM PDT Five years after introducing see-through wood building material, researchers have taken it to another level. They found a way to make their composite 100 percent renewable - and more translucent - by infusing wood with a clear bio-plastic made from citrus fruit. |
| Posted: 04 May 2021 10:57 AM PDT A pair of studies shed light on something that is typically difficult to see with the eye: respiratory aerosols. Such aerosol particles of varying sizes are a common component of breath, and they are a typical mode of transmission for respiratory viruses like COVID-19 to spread to other people and surfaces. |
| New graphite-based sensor technology for wearable medical devices Posted: 04 May 2021 10:57 AM PDT Researchers have developed next-generation, graphene-based sensing technology using their innovative G-Putty material. The team's printed sensors are 50 times more sensitive than the industry standard and outperform other comparable nano-enabled sensors in an important metric seen as a game-changer in the industry: flexibility. |
| Testing tool can quickly distinguish between viral and bacterial infections Posted: 04 May 2021 08:26 AM PDT In a study proving feasibility, researchers showed that their testing technology can accurately distinguish between a viral and a bacterial infection for respiratory illness - a critical difference that determines whether antibiotics are warranted. And, importantly, the test provided results in under an hour. |
| Chronic exposure to low levels of blast may be associated with neurotrauma Posted: 04 May 2021 08:26 AM PDT Scientists demonstrated that TBI biomarkers were elevated among law enforcement and military personnel, including those without a diagnosed brain injury or concussion, repeatedly exposed to low level blast. Repeated exposure have been linked to a series of reported symptoms such as headaches, fatigue, dizziness, memory difficulties, and tinnitus. Researchers hope these data are the first step to identifying objective biomarkers as clinically relevant diagnostic tools. |
| Pyrosomes: Enigmatic marine inhabitants with an important role in the Cabo Verde ecosystem Posted: 04 May 2021 08:26 AM PDT Pyrosomes spend their entire lives in the open ocean and therefore easily go unnoticed. Nevertheless, they are key components of deep-sea ecosystems. This is shown by a novel study conducted off the Cabo Verde Islands. |
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