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| Did Earth's early rise in oxygen help multicellular life evolve? Posted: 18 May 2021 05:54 PM PDT Researchers find that oxygenation of Earth's surface is key to the evolution of large, complex multicellular organisms. If cells can access oxygen, they get a big metabolic benefit. However, when oxygen is scarce, it can't diffuse very far into organisms, so there is an evolutionary incentive for multicellular organisms to be small to ensure most of their cells can still access oxygen. |
| Ancient horse DNA reveals gene flow between Eurasian and North American horses Posted: 18 May 2021 10:08 AM PDT A new study of ancient DNA from horse fossils found in North America and Eurasia shows that horse populations on the two continents remained connected through the Bering Land Bridge, moving back and forth and interbreeding multiple times over hundreds of thousands of years. |
| Colorectal cancer screening to begin at age 45, lowered from 50 Posted: 18 May 2021 08:49 AM PDT Prompted by a recent alarming rise in cases of colorectal cancer in people younger than 50, an independent expert panel has recommended that individuals of average risk for the disease begin screening exams at 45 years of age instead of the traditional 50. |
| Evidence suggests bubonic plague had long-term effect on human immunity genes Posted: 18 May 2021 08:48 AM PDT Scientists examining the remains of 36 bubonic plague victims from a 16th century mass grave in Germany have found the first evidence that evolutionary adaptive processes, driven by the disease, may have conferred immunity on later generations of people from the region. |
| Discovery increases likelihood of growing food despite drought Posted: 18 May 2021 08:48 AM PDT Scientists have discovered genetic data that will help food crops like tomatoes and rice survive longer, more intense periods of drought on our warming planet. |
| Posted: 18 May 2021 08:47 AM PDT In the insect world, there are rare instances of ants shrugging off their societal duties to become free-loading parasites amongst their free-living relatives. Now, in a new study, an international collaboration of researchers teamed up to discover and collect these rare ant social parasites. Together, they have obtained and analyzed the full DNA genome sequences of three rare 'social parasite' leaf-cutting ant species (called Acromyrmex inquilines) to better understand the differences between them and their respective host species. |
| Western diet may increase risk of gut inflammation, infection Posted: 18 May 2021 08:42 AM PDT Eating a Western diet impairs the immune system in the gut in ways that could increase risk of infection and inflammatory bowel disease, according to a new study. |
| Study confirms origin of vervet monkeys living near an urban airport for decades Posted: 18 May 2021 08:42 AM PDT Scientists have confirmed the species and origin of a colony of wild African vervet monkeys that landed in Dania Beach more than 70 years ago. They escaped from the Dania Chimpanzee Farm in 1948 and settled in a thick mangrove forest near the Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport in South Florida. The facility acted as a zoo and also provided primates imported from Africa as research subjects in the development of the polio vaccine and other medical research. |
| Alien radioactive element prompts creation rethink Posted: 18 May 2021 08:42 AM PDT The first-ever discovery of an extraterrestrial radioactive isotope on Earth has scientists rethinking the origins of the elements on our planet. |
| Icing muscle injuries may delay recovery Posted: 18 May 2021 08:42 AM PDT In sports, it is common practice to apply ice to sore muscles in order to reduce inflammation. However, a new study on mice has revealed that icing severe muscle injuries may actually prolong the healing process. The results indicate that cooling the injury makes it difficult for macrophages to enter the damaged cells in order to repair them. |
| Spintronics: Improving electronics with finer spin control Posted: 18 May 2021 08:42 AM PDT Scientists have found a new way to control the alignment state of magnetic atoms in an antiferromagnetic material, showing promise for the development of tiny sensors and memory devices. Researchers now describe their new approach featuring a controllable exchange bias effect, which enables the asymmetric magnetic actions of devices comprised of complex combination structure of different types of magnetic materials. |
| Colonization of the Antilles by South American fauna: Giant sunken islands as a passageway Posted: 18 May 2021 08:42 AM PDT Fossils of land animals from South America have been found in the Antilles, but how did these animals get there? According to scientists from the CNRS, l'Université des Antilles, l'Université de Montpellier and d'Université Côte d'Azur, land emerged in this region and then disappeared beneath the waves for millions of years, explaining how some species were able to migrate to the Antilles. This study will be published in June 2021 issue in Earth-Science Reviews. |
| Novel methods to improve the range and safety of e-vehicles Posted: 18 May 2021 08:41 AM PDT A recent project has revealed innovative methods that could dramatically improve the performance of future electrical vehicles (e-vehicles). |
| New species formed when the Mediterranean dried up Posted: 18 May 2021 08:41 AM PDT A new study may have uncovered why wall lizards have become the most successful reptile in the Mediterranean region. The results reveal how drastic changes in sea levels and climate 6 million years ago affected species formation in the area. The researchers believe they can now explain why the lizards became so diverse and widespread, something that has puzzled biologists since the 19th century. |
| Engineers harvest WiFi signals to power small electronics Posted: 18 May 2021 08:41 AM PDT A research team has developed new technology that uses tiny smart devices known as spin-torque oscillators to harvest and convert wireless radio frequencies into energy to power small electronics. |
| New material could create 'neurons' and 'synapses' for new computers Posted: 18 May 2021 08:41 AM PDT Classic computers use binary values (0/1) to perform. By contrast, our brain cells can use more values to operate, making them more energy-efficient than computers. This is why scientists are interested in neuromorphic (brain-like) computing. Physicists have used a complex oxide to create elements comparable to the neurons and synapses in the brain using spins, a magnetic property of electrons. |
| Stunning simulation of stars being born is most realistic ever Posted: 18 May 2021 08:38 AM PDT Astrophysicists has developed the most realistic, highest-resolution 3D simulation of star formation to date. Called STARFORGE (Star Formation in Gaseous Environments), the computational framework is the first to simulate an entire gas cloud -- 100 times more massive than previously possible and full of vibrant colors -- where stars are born. |
| African rainforests still slowed climate change despite record heat and drought Posted: 17 May 2021 04:47 PM PDT Intact rainforests across tropical Africa continued to remove carbon from the atmosphere before and during the 2015-2016 El Niño, despite the extreme heat and drought. Theyl removed 1.1 billion tons of carbon dioxide per year from the atmosphere during the El Niño monitoring period. This rate is equivalent to three times the carbon dioxide emissions of the UK in 2019. Scientists were surprised by this discovery. |
| Machine learning (AI) accurately predicts cardiac arrest risk Posted: 17 May 2021 04:46 PM PDT A branch of artificial intelligence (AI), called machine learning, can accurately predict the risk of an out of hospital cardiac arrest -- when the heart suddenly stops beating -- using a combination of timing and weather data. |
| Diamonds engage both optical microscopy and MRI for better imaging Posted: 17 May 2021 04:46 PM PDT Microdiamonds with nitrogen vacancy centers are increasingly used as biological tracers thanks to the optical fluorescence of NV centers. But the NV centers also can be spin-polarized by low-power lasers, and the polarized centers then polarize nearby carbon-13 atoms occurring naturally in the diamonds. These hyperpolarized C-13 atoms can be detected by NMR imaging. Chemists now demonstrate dual-mode imaging with NV-center diamonds, potentially allowing high-quality imaging 10 times deeper than with optics alone. |
| Educational intervention enhances student learning Posted: 17 May 2021 11:47 AM PDT In a study of low-income, urban youth in the U.S., researchers found that students exposed to Photovoice, an educational intervention, experienced greater improvements in STEM-capacity scores and environmental awareness scores compared to a group of youth who were not exposed to the activity. The results suggest that the Photovoice activities may be associated with improved learning outcomes. |
| How novel therapeutics provide insight into bacteria membranes Posted: 17 May 2021 11:47 AM PDT Whether bacteria are resistant to antibiotics is often decided at the cell membrane. This is where antibiotics can be blocked on their way into the cell interior or catapulted from the inside to the outside. Macrocyclic peptides, a novel class of antibiotics, bioactive cytotoxins and inhibitors, shed light on how this transport process occurs at the membrane, how it is influenced and how it can be used to circumvent the resistance of a malignantly transformed cell. |
| Newly published data provides clearer picture of volcano collapse Posted: 17 May 2021 11:47 AM PDT A recent article reveals new data on the Anak Krakatau volcano flank collapse, which was triggered by an eruption on Detcember 22, 2018. |
| Bird data from Ethiopia fills in baseline data gaps Posted: 17 May 2021 11:47 AM PDT The study establishes baseline observations for tropical birds in East Africa, filling in an important data gap for monitoring biodiversity and tropical ecosystem health in a warming world. |
| Algorithm to see inside materials with subatomic particles Posted: 17 May 2021 09:49 AM PDT Scientists have developed an algorithm to train computers to analyze signals from subatomic particles embedded in advanced electronic materials. |
| Mammals in the time of dinosaurs held each other back Posted: 17 May 2021 09:49 AM PDT Scientists discover that dinosaurs were not the main competition for mammals during the time of the dinosaurs, challenging previously held ideas about evolution. |
| Scientists explore Tesla roads not taken -- and find new potential present-day utility Posted: 17 May 2021 05:36 AM PDT A valve invented by engineer Nikola Tesla a century ago is not only more functional than previously realized, but also has other potential applications today, a team of researchers has found after conducting a series of experiments on replications of the early 20th-century design. |
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