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ScienceDaily: Top News |
| Time crystal in a quantum computer Posted: 30 Nov 2021 10:02 AM PST Researchers have created and observed a new phase of matter, popularly known as a time crystal. |
| As LA traffic slowed amid the pandemic, researchers gained new insight into air pollution Posted: 30 Nov 2021 10:02 AM PST Car tailpipes spew out molecules of ammonia, a harmful air pollutant that can lead to thousands of premature deaths every year. New research shows that vehicles may produce a lot more of these emissions than federal and state regulators have believed. |
| Ubiquitous food additive alters human microbiota and intestinal environment Posted: 30 Nov 2021 10:02 AM PST New clinical research indicates that a widely used food additive, carboxymethylcellulose, alters the intestinal environment of healthy persons, perturbing levels of beneficial bacteria and nutrients. These findings demonstrate the need for further study of the long-term impacts of this food additive on health. |
| Extraordinary Roman mosaic and villa discovered beneath farmer's field in Rutland, UK Posted: 30 Nov 2021 09:16 AM PST Archaeologists have unearthed the first Roman mosaic of its kind in the UK. |
| Reshaping the plastic lifecycle into a circle Posted: 30 Nov 2021 08:25 AM PST New research gives a bird's-eye view of the scale of plastic creation globally, tracing where it's produced, where it ends up, and its environmental impact. |
| Scientists can control brain circuits, behavior, and emotion using light Posted: 30 Nov 2021 08:25 AM PST Scientists can control brain circuits, behavior, and emotion using light. Researchers developed a new optogenetic tool, 'Opto-vTrap', which is expected to contribute to treatment for epilepsy, muscle spasms, and skin wrinkles. |
| Reduced meat diet has many advantages Posted: 30 Nov 2021 07:14 AM PST Which diet is better: moderately reduce meat consumption and eat more fruit, vegetables and wholegrain products or eating more fish and seafood? Or even switch completely to a vegan diet? A new study shows that the answer to these questions is not as clear-cut as one might think -- depending on which impacts one closely looks. |
| Nonverbal social interactions – even with unfriendly avatars – boost cooperation Posted: 30 Nov 2021 07:14 AM PST Scientists used animated humanoid avatars to study how nonverbal cues influence people's behavior. The research offers insight into the brain mechanisms that drive social and economic decision-making. |
| Courting success: Why the 'head' outsmarts the body in basketball Posted: 30 Nov 2021 07:14 AM PST A new study reveals why coaches believe 'game intelligence,' work ethic and competitiveness are far more important than physical fitness in determining success on the basketball court. |
| Closest pair of supermassive black holes yet Posted: 30 Nov 2021 05:43 AM PST Astronomers have revealed the closest pair of supermassive black holes to Earth ever observed. The two objects also have a much smaller separation than any other previously spotted pair of supermassive black holes and will eventually merge into one giant black hole. |
| Largest comet ever observed was active at near-record distance Posted: 29 Nov 2021 02:28 PM PST Astronomers show that comet Bernardinelli-Bernstein (BB), the largest comet ever discovered, was active long before previously thought, meaning the ice within it is vaporizing and forming an envelope of dust and vapor known as a coma. Only one active comet has been observed farther from the sun, and it was much smaller than comet BB. |
| Strong winds power electric fields in the upper atmosphere Posted: 29 Nov 2021 02:27 PM PST Using observations from NASA's ICON mission, scientists presented the first direct measurements of Earth's long-theorized dynamo on the edge of space: a wind-driven electrical generator that spans the globe 60-plus miles above our heads. The dynamo churns in the ionosphere, the electrically charged boundary between Earth and space. It's powered by tidal winds in the upper atmosphere that are faster than most hurricanes and rise from the lower atmosphere, creating an electrical environment that can affect satellites and technology on Earth. |
| Extinct swordfish-shaped marine reptile discovered Posted: 29 Nov 2021 12:50 PM PST Researchers have discovered a new marine reptile. The specimen, a stunningly preserved meter-long skull, is one of the last surviving ichthyosaurs -- ancient animals that look eerily like living swordfish. |
| Team builds first living robots that can reproduce Posted: 29 Nov 2021 12:50 PM PST Scientists have discovered a new form of biological reproduction -- and created self-replicating living robots. Made from frog cells, these computer-designed organisms gather single cells inside a Pac-Man-shaped 'mouth' -- and release Xenobot 'babies' that look and move like themselves. Then the offspring go and do the same -- over and over. |
| Parallels in human, dog oral tumors could speed new therapies Posted: 29 Nov 2021 09:28 AM PST Recent research compared the genetic expression profiles of a nonlethal canine tumor and the rare, devastating human oral tumor it resembles, laying the groundwork for potential translational medicine down the road. |
| Climate change is making one of the world’s strongest currents flow faster Posted: 29 Nov 2021 09:28 AM PST The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), the only ocean current that circumnavigates the planet, is speeding up. For the first time, scientists are able to tell that this is happening by taking advantage of a decades-long set of observational records. |
| Research pushes auto industry closer to clean cars powered by direct ethanol fuel cells Posted: 29 Nov 2021 09:28 AM PST Alternative-energy research is charting a path toward the mass adoption of clean cars powered by direct-ethanol fuel cells. |
| Why we must avoid temperature overshoot Posted: 29 Nov 2021 09:28 AM PST A new international study shows how near-term mitigation can help to prevent an overshoot in global temperatures, thereby reducing climate risks and bringing long-term economic gains. |
| Researchers light the way for organic glow-in-the-dark materials Posted: 29 Nov 2021 09:28 AM PST Organic materials could soon be utilized for glow-in-the-dark products, which has the potential to diversify and expand the already US$400 million industry, thanks to new research. |
| Potential new therapeutic pathway to clear chronic viral infections Posted: 29 Nov 2021 09:28 AM PST A recent study in mice has uncovered that during chronic viral infection, a protein called BMI-1 gets turned on too early in B cells and messes up the delicate balance of gene expression, resulting in antibodies that are unsuccessful in their endeavor to clear the virus from the body. |
| New discovery opens the way for brain-like computers Posted: 29 Nov 2021 09:27 AM PST Research has long strived to develop computers to work as energy efficiently as our brains. A study has now succeeded in combining a memory function with a calculation function in the same component. The discovery opens the way for more efficient technologies, everything from mobile phones to self-driving cars. |
| Sun is likely an unaccounted source of the Earth’s water Posted: 29 Nov 2021 09:27 AM PST Curtin University researchers have helped unravel the enduring mystery of the origins of the Earth's water, finding the Sun to be a surprising likely source. |
| Eight worst wildfire weather years on record happened in the last decade Posted: 29 Nov 2021 09:27 AM PST The world's eight most extreme wildfire weather years on record have occurred in the last decade, according to a new study that suggests extreme weather is being driven by a decrease in atmospheric humidity coupled with rising temperatures. |
| Researchers shrink camera to the size of a salt grain Posted: 29 Nov 2021 09:27 AM PST Researchers have developed an ultracompact camera the size of a coarse grain of salt. The new system can produce crisp, full-color images on par with a conventional compound camera lens 500,000 times larger in volume. |
| Farmers spread Transeurasian languages Posted: 29 Nov 2021 09:27 AM PST New research provides interdisciplinary support for the 'Farming Hypothesis' of language dispersal, tracing Transeurasian languages back to the first farmers moving across Northeast Asia beginning in the Early Neolithic -- roughly between 8-10 thousand years ago. |
| Posted: 29 Nov 2021 07:56 AM PST Scientists describe how Antarctic fishes with and without hemoglobin react to acute thermal stress. The responses may help the fish withstand the impacts of climate change. |
| Nibbling prehistoric herbivore sheds new light on Triassic diversity Posted: 29 Nov 2021 07:56 AM PST A Triassic herbivore, known for its supposed similarities to a modern-day ostrich, has been revealed to have entirely different approach to feeding from previously thought. |
| Programmable interaction between quantum magnets Posted: 29 Nov 2021 07:56 AM PST Researchers have succeeded in their aim of not only changing the strength but also the nature of the interaction between microscopic quantum magnets, known as spins. Instead of falling into a state of complete disorder, the especially prepared magnets can maintain their original orientation for a long period. With these findings, the physicists have successfully demonstrated a programmable control of spin interactions in isolated quantum systems. |
| Development of an artificial vision device capable of mimicking human optical illusions Posted: 29 Nov 2021 07:56 AM PST Researchers have developed an ionic artificial vision device capable of increasing the edge contrast between the darker and lighter areas of an mage in a manner similar to that of human vision. This first-ever synthetic mimicry of human optical illusions was achieved using ionic migration and interaction within solids. It may be possible to use the device to develop compact, energy-efficient visual sensing and image processing hardware systems capable of processing analog signals. |
| Posted: 29 Nov 2021 07:55 AM PST In part of a recent human study led by the Technical University of Munich (TUM), it was found that after eating a curry dish containing pepper, piperine - an alkaloid responsible for the pungency of pepper - was present in the milk of breastfeeding women. The findings help decipher mechanisms that shape our food preferences from infancy. |
| How can our brain still perceive familiar objects even when they become indistinct? Posted: 26 Nov 2021 10:44 PM PST Researchers have explored the brain neuronal mechanism that allows the perception of familiar images even if they are indistinct. They found that the number of neurons responding to low-contrast rather than high-contrast visual stimuli increased in rats performing a visual orientation discrimination task after repeated experiences. These neurons showed stronger activities in correct-choice than incorrect-choice trials. These neurons efficiently represented low-contrast stimulations. Thus, the low-contrast preference in V1 activity may contribute to improved low-contrast visual. discrimination. |
| In the quantum realm, not even time flows as you might expect Posted: 26 Nov 2021 10:08 AM PST A team of physicists has shown how quantum systems can simultaneously evolve along two opposite time arrows - both forward and backward in time. The study necessitates a rethink of how the flow of time is understood and represented in contexts where quantum laws play a crucial role. |
| Loss of ancient grazers triggered a global rise in fires Posted: 25 Nov 2021 12:48 PM PST From 50,000 years to 6,000 years ago, many of the world's largest animals, including such iconic grassland grazers as the woolly mammoth, giant bison, and ancient horses, went extinct. The loss of these grazing species triggered a dramatic increase in fire activity in the world's grasslands, according to a new study. |
| 'Magic wand' reveals a colorful nano-world Posted: 25 Nov 2021 12:48 PM PST Researchers describe a revolutionary imaging technology that compresses lamp light into a nanometer-sized spot. It holds that light at the end of a silver nanowire like a Hogwarts student practicing the 'Lumos' spell, and uses it to reveal previously invisible details, including colors, in nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes. |
| Scientists discover gut bacteria that improve memory in bees Posted: 25 Nov 2021 12:48 PM PST An international research team have discovered a specific type of gut bacteria in bees that can improve memory. |
| ‘Super jelly’ can survive being run over by a car Posted: 25 Nov 2021 12:48 PM PST Researchers have developed a jelly-like material that can withstand the equivalent of an elephant standing on it, and completely recover to its original shape, even though it's 80% water. |
| Orbital harmony limits late arrival of water on TRAPPIST-1 planets Posted: 25 Nov 2021 12:48 PM PST Seven Earth-sized planets orbit the star TRAPPIST-1 in near-perfect harmony, and researchers have now used that harmony to determine how much physical abuse the planets could have withstood in their infancy. |
| Over the top: Car jump study turns over old physics problem Posted: 24 Nov 2021 12:40 PM PST If an automobile is moving at a steady speed over a hill in the shape of a vertical circular arc, what is the maximum speed it can attain without losing contact with the road at the crest of the hill? New research demonstrates that, despite numerous textbook references stating otherwise, a car will leave the ground on the downside of a peak. The study presents three cases to illustrate the nuances of the different physics principles at play and a researcher ultimately presents a compelling argument, dispelling the long-held notion a car can leave the road at the top of a smooth hill. |
| Biomedical engineers find neural activity during rest is highly organized Posted: 24 Nov 2021 12:39 PM PST When mice rest, individual neurons fire in seconds-long, coordinated cascades, triggering activity across the brain, according to new research. Previously, this was thought to be a relatively random process -- single neurons firing spontaneously at random times without external stimulation. |
| Antihistamines can influence immunotherapy response by enhancing T cell activation Posted: 24 Nov 2021 12:39 PM PST Researchers discovered that antihistamines are associated with improved responses to immunotherapy. Their work revealed a role for the histamine receptor in suppressing T cell activation to block anti-tumor immune responses. |
| Electrons set the stage for neutrino experiments Posted: 24 Nov 2021 12:39 PM PST Neutrinos may be the key to finally solving a mystery of the origins of our matter-dominated universe, and preparations for two major, billion-dollar experiments are underway to reveal the particles' secrets. Now, a team of nuclear physicists have turned to the humble electron to provide insight for how these experiments can better prepare to capture critical information. |
| We might not know half of what’s in our cells, new AI technique reveals Posted: 24 Nov 2021 12:39 PM PST Artificial intelligence-based technique reveals previously unknown cell components that may provide new clues to human development and disease. |
| A new topological magnet with colossal angular magnetoresistance Posted: 24 Nov 2021 12:39 PM PST A new topological magnet with colossal angular magnetoresistance. Trillion percent change of resistance can be achieved in the new material by simply rotating the direction of spin. |
| Posted: 24 Nov 2021 12:39 PM PST To push confocal imaging to an unprecedented level of performance, scientists have invented a 'kitchen sink' confocal platform that borrows solutions from other high-powered imaging systems, adds a unifying thread of 'Deep Learning' artificial intelligence algorithms, and successfully improves the confocal's volumetric resolution by more than 10-fold while simultaneously reducing phototoxicity. |
| Shifting colors for on-chip photonics Posted: 24 Nov 2021 12:39 PM PST Researchers have developed highly efficient, on-chip frequency shifters that can convert light in the gigahertz frequency range. The frequency shifters are easily controlled, using continuous and single-tone microwaves. |
| Treating insomnia with cognitive behavioral therapy can prevent major depression in older adults Posted: 24 Nov 2021 12:39 PM PST A new study has found that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT-I) prevented major depression, decreasing the likelihood of depression by over 50% as compared to sleep education therapy in adults over the age of 60 with insomnia. |
| Butterfly migration: Sun compass on demand Posted: 24 Nov 2021 12:39 PM PST Monarch butterflies employ a sun compass on their long-distance migration. Surprisingly, a new study shows that the compass is only established during flight. |
| New study shows electric fields can improve the efficiency of wastewater purification Posted: 24 Nov 2021 12:38 PM PST A new technological advancement uses an electric field to achieve efficient and low-cost ammonia removal from wastewater. |
| Potential of demand response in reducing CO2 emissions Posted: 24 Nov 2021 12:38 PM PST Demand response (DR) programs incentivize electric grid users to consume less power during peak hours, relieving grid load and reducing CO2 emissions. However, its potential as a practical approach remains unverified. Now, scientists propose an AI-based approach to estimate the DR potential per household based on real-world user behavior, demonstrating that DR programs are beneficial for customers, suppliers, and the environment. |
| COVID-19 became much more lethal in late 2020, UK study suggests Posted: 24 Nov 2021 12:38 PM PST A new statistical analysis supports beliefs that COVID-19 became more lethal in the U.K. in late 2020, while also suggesting that multiple factors -- not just the alpha variant of the virus that causes COVID-19 -- were to blame. |
| Experimental compound counters diabetic complications Posted: 24 Nov 2021 12:38 PM PST An experimental compound reduced complications of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in mice -- not by lowering blood sugar -- but by countering its consequences, a new study finds. |
| Those that game together, stay together Posted: 24 Nov 2021 12:38 PM PST Play is important for the development of complex social, emotional, physical, and cognitive skills. Play provides young individuals with a safe space to practice new behaviors without grave repercussions. While most animals engage in play, only humans engage in rule-based games. Which kinds of games people play -- competitive or cooperative -- may depend on their cultural background. In a new study, researchers screened historical data to answer the question whether cultures play games that correspond to how cooperative they are. |
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