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ScienceDaily: Top News |
| How do blind cavefish survive their low-oxygen environment? Posted: 11 Mar 2022 03:25 PM PST Cavefish have obvious adaptations such as missing eyes and pale colors that demonstrate how they evolved over millennia in a dark, subterranean world. Now researchers say these incredible fish have an equally remarkable physiology that helps them cope with a low-oxygen environment that would kill other species. |
| Scientists make leap forward for genetic sequencing Posted: 11 Mar 2022 03:25 PM PST Researchers reveal new details about a key enzyme that makes DNA sequencing possible. The finding is a leap forward into the era of personalized medicine when doctors will be able to design treatments based on the genomes of individual patients. |
| Scientists announce discovery of supermassive binary black holes Posted: 11 Mar 2022 03:25 PM PST Researchers have discovered a supermassive black hole binary system, one of only two known such systems. |
| How to make the TB vaccine more effective Posted: 11 Mar 2022 11:14 AM PST Briefly blocking a key molecule when administering the only approved vaccine for tuberculosis vastly improves long-term protection against the devastating disease in mice, researchers report. |
| How to clean solar panels without water Posted: 11 Mar 2022 11:14 AM PST Dust that accumulates on solar panels is a major problem, but washing the panels uses huge amounts of water. Engineers have now developed a waterless cleaning method to remove dust on solar installations in water-limited regions, improving overall efficiency. |
| Researchers re-engineer red blood cells to trigger immune system against COVID-19 Posted: 11 Mar 2022 11:14 AM PST Researchers have been able to re-engineer red blood cells and use them as a promising new vehicle for vaccine delivery. |
| Mirror image biomolecule helps marine sea squirts lose their tails Posted: 11 Mar 2022 11:14 AM PST Researchers have found that D-serine, the structural mirror image of L-serine, regulates tissue migration in the marine organism Ciona during its juvenile-to-adult transformation. D-serine binds to NMDAR, leading to the formation and release of a vesicle that assists in tail regression in Ciona. This finding provides the first description of a biological function of a D-amino acid in a non-mammal chordate, elucidating vesicle release mechanisms in organisms other than mammals. |
| The next generation of robots will be shape-shifters Posted: 11 Mar 2022 11:14 AM PST Physicists have discovered a new way to coat soft robots in materials that allow them to move and function in a more purposeful way. |
| Stemming the tide of invasive species in Great Lakes Posted: 11 Mar 2022 11:06 AM PST New research shows that a bi-national regulation targeting ships entering the Great Lakes since the mid-2000s has been remarkably effective in reducing a large proportion of the invasive species in the world's largest freshwater ecosystem. |
| Lower, more frequent doses of nanomedicines may enhance cancer treatment Posted: 11 Mar 2022 09:57 AM PST Both nanomedicines and metronomic scheduling -- when medications are given at lower, more frequent doses -- can correct abnormalities surrounding tumors that help protect cancer cells and foster their growth and spread. Combining nanomedicines and metronomic scheduling may help improve cancer treatment strategies. |
| Posted: 11 Mar 2022 08:53 AM PST When we think of ions, we usually think of single atoms that have lost or gained some electrons, but entire molecules can also become ions. Physicists now show that cold molecular ions can be created using a new method, and that they are a very useful tool for detecting small amounts of other, regular molecules. |
| Voles cut grass to watch flying predators Posted: 11 Mar 2022 08:53 AM PST A tiny rodent trims tall grasses so it can watch the skies for flying predators, new research shows. Brandt’s voles live in grassland in Inner Mongolia, China, where they are hunted by birds called shrikes. |
| Clinical trial reveals new treatment option for COVID-19 Posted: 11 Mar 2022 08:53 AM PST A clinical trial has indicated an effective treatment for critically ill COVID-19 patients. The study investigates the effects of using an anti-inflammatory protein, alpha-1 antitryspin (AAT), to treat COVID-19 patients who have progressed to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). |
| Chemical analysis reveals effects of wildfire smoke on grapes and wines Posted: 11 Mar 2022 08:53 AM PST As wildfire season in the West grows in length and severity, it is taking a toll on the wine industry through the effects of wildfire smoke on the quality of wine grapes. Volatile compounds in the smoke from wildfires can be absorbed by grapes and produce an unpleasant taste known as 'smoke taint' in wines made from affected grapes. A new study provides valuable data and guidelines for using analytical chemistry to identify grapes and wines affected by smoke taint. |
| Posted: 11 Mar 2022 08:53 AM PST It is well known that methane, a greenhouse gas, is produced by special microorganisms, for example in the intestines of cows, or in rice fields. For some years, scientists had also observed the production of methane in plants and fungi, without finding an explanation. Now researchers have shed light on the underlying mechanism. Their findings suggest that all organisms release methane. |
| Bacteria on intertidal rockweed across the North Atlantic Posted: 11 Mar 2022 08:53 AM PST Algae such as rockweeds are a fundamental part of marine ecosystems, providing habitat and food to many other marine organisms while also providing ecosystem services like oxygenation of the water. In turn, algae depend on bacteria to maintain their normal shapes and health. New sequencing methods are illuminating the relationships between marine bacteria and marine algae, as demonstrated in research by 15 scientists from countries across the North Atlantic. The published study contributes to the understanding how sensitive important algae are to the changing environment. |
| Neurons are fickle: Electric fields are more reliable for information Posted: 11 Mar 2022 08:53 AM PST A new study suggests that electric fields may represent information held in working memory, allowing the brain to overcome 'representational drift,' or the inconsistent participation of individual neurons. |
| Magnetic reconnection breakthrough may help predict space weather Posted: 11 Mar 2022 08:53 AM PST Researchers have recently discovered a breakthrough in magnetic reconnection that could ultimately help predict space weather. |
| New window system allows for long-term studies of brain activity Posted: 11 Mar 2022 08:53 AM PST A researcher has developed a tiny window that allows investigators to get clearer, long-term imaging of the brain's visual network. |
| Comprehensive analysis of cellular and molecular characteristics of acral melanoma Posted: 11 Mar 2022 08:53 AM PST Researchers reveal key differences in the cellular and molecular composition of acral melanoma compared to melanoma. Their findings may lead to new potential therapeutic targets for this rare disease. |
| Discovery could lead to fewer side effects from a diabetes treatment Posted: 11 Mar 2022 08:53 AM PST A mouse study detailed the differences between the two forms of the protein PPARgamma, a target of 'glitazone' diabetes drugs, could cut out weight gain side effects. |
| Links between circadian rhythms, metabolism and addiction Posted: 11 Mar 2022 08:53 AM PST A new study establishes important conceptual connections between the fields of circadian rhythms, metabolism, and addiction. Going beyond current studies on substance use disorders, which focus on the impact of addictive drugs on the brain, this new research highlights an existing connection between specific neurons and peripheral organs. |
| Mutations leading to omicron variant did not enable virus to fully escape immune system Posted: 11 Mar 2022 06:53 AM PST People who gained immunity -- either through vaccination or exposure -- against the original strain of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, also are likely to have some protection against the pathogen's omicron variant, according to a new study. |
| Newly identified softshell turtle lived alongside T. rex and Triceratops Posted: 11 Mar 2022 06:53 AM PST Scientists describe the find of a new softshell turtle from the end of the Cretaceous Period. |
| Discovering molecular 'team-work' underlying nitrate assimilation in a unicellular red alga Posted: 11 Mar 2022 06:53 AM PST The mechanisms suppressing nitrate assimilation in plants under nitrogen-repleted condition are poorly known, but researchers may have made a breakthrough. They have recently studied the transcription of nitrate assimilating genes in a unicellular red alga and found that deletion of the negative domain of transcription factor CmMYB1 or a previously unknown protein CmNDB1 is responsible for alleviation of the transcription of nitrate assimilating genes in nitrogen-repleted condition. |
| Exercise may treat long COVID-induced diabetes, depression Posted: 11 Mar 2022 06:53 AM PST While no medically recognized treatment exists for long COVID, exercise may break the vicious cycle of inflammation that can lead to developing diabetes and depression months after a person recovers from the virus. |
| Firefly luminescence reveals pesticides Posted: 11 Mar 2022 06:53 AM PST A luminescence reaction modeled on fireflies can detect contamination with organophosphates with high sensitivity, ease, and low cost. At the center of this technology is a new enzymatic method for the synthesis of analogues of luciferin, the substance that makes fireflies glow. As reported by a team of researchers, it could also be used in the field. |
| Acoustic propulsion of nanomachines depends on their orientation Posted: 11 Mar 2022 06:53 AM PST Scientists have now found answers to central questions which had previously stood in the way of acoustic propulsion of nanoparticles. |
| Scientists find new colony structure of fire ants evolved in one species before spreading to others Posted: 11 Mar 2022 06:53 AM PST Scientists have discovered that a new form of ant society spread across species. They found that after the new form of society evolved in one species, a 'social supergene' carrying the instruction-set for the new social form spread into other species. This spread occurred through hybridization, i.e., breeding between ants of different species. This unlikely event provides an alternate way of life, making the ants more successful than if they only had the original social form. |
| Open-access dataset of macaque brain published Posted: 11 Mar 2022 06:53 AM PST Researchers have published a dataset that was recorded from the visual cortex of monkeys during the resting state. The dataset consists of electrophysiology data that was recorded from the visual cortex (V1 and V4) of two monkeys, from 1024 recording sites simultaneously during the resting state, and it also includes supporting datasets obtained while the monkeys performed visual tasks. |
| Cellular therapy improves signs and symptoms of Duchenne muscular dystrophy Posted: 10 Mar 2022 03:59 PM PST A recent clinical trial has shown that cellular therapy is safe and effective in stopping the deterioration of upper limb and heart functions in patients with late-stage Duchenne muscular dystrophy. |
| Home-based flu tests as accurate as rapid diagnostic testing in clinical settings Posted: 10 Mar 2022 02:08 PM PST Home-based, self-administered tests for influenza are comparable in accuracy to rapid diagnostic tests in clinical settings, according to a peer-reviewed study. The researchers determined that sensitivity and specificity of the home test and clinical test were similar. False-negative results were more common when the self-test was administered after 72 hours of the onset of symptoms, but were not related to inadequate swab collection or severity of illness. |
| Brain-based computing chips not just for AI anymore Posted: 10 Mar 2022 02:08 PM PST With the insertion of a little math, researchers have shown that neuromorphic computers, which synthetically replicate the brain's logic, can solve more complex problems than those posed by artificial intelligence and may even earn a place in high-performance computing. Neuromorphic simulations employing random walks can track X-rays passing through bone and soft tissue, disease passing through a population, information flowing through social networks and the movements of financial markets. |
| Human induced pluripotent stem cells improve visual acuity, vascular health Posted: 10 Mar 2022 02:08 PM PST Researchers are investigating novel regenerative medicine approaches to better manage vascular health complications from type 2 diabetes that could someday support blood vessel repair in the eye among diabetic patients with early retinal vascular dysfunction. |
| Watershed size plays major role in filtering pollutants, researchers find Posted: 10 Mar 2022 02:08 PM PST Research has found that watershed size plays a major role in a river network's ability to do this work. The findings further the understanding of which estuaries and coastal areas will be more impacted by human development in their watersheds and also casts a light on the intricacies of the global carbon cycle. |
| Antivirals, some antibodies, work well against BA.2 omicron variant of COVID-19 virus Posted: 10 Mar 2022 02:08 PM PST The antiviral therapies remdesivir, molnupiravir, and the active ingredient in Pfizer's Paxlovid pill (nirmatrelvir), remain effective in laboratory tests against the BA.2 variant of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, according to new research. |
| Scientists 'supercharge' cancer-fighting T cells Posted: 10 Mar 2022 02:08 PM PST Scientists have identified a way to 'supercharge' tumor-attacking T cells, a finding that may not only improve the effectiveness of a promising type of cell-based cancer immunotherapy but also expand the number of cancers it can treat. |
| New study confirms bioengineered RSV protein vaccine evokes protective immune response Posted: 10 Mar 2022 02:08 PM PST Researchers marked a major milestone in the effort to create an effective vaccine for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), which can cause severe respiratory disease in children and the elderly. |
| Gamification, past habits may impact future eco-friendly tendencies differently Posted: 10 Mar 2022 02:08 PM PST Green consumer habits may not be impacted by gamification practices, but people who purchased environmentally friendly products in the past are likely to continue to do so, according to a team of researchers, who theorized that adding gamification techniques to a consumer's eco-friendly purchasing habits would perpetuate green consumerism. |
| Labeling key to success of software company innovations Posted: 10 Mar 2022 12:19 PM PST Companies in the software industry, where novel ideas are prized, use linguistic tactics to develop new labels for their innovations to stay ahead of competitors. |
| Cosmic particle accelerator at its limit Posted: 10 Mar 2022 11:37 AM PST With the help of special telescopes, researchers have observed a cosmic particle accelerator as never before. Observations made with the gamma ray observatory H.E.S.S. in Namibia show for the first time the course of an acceleration process in a stellar process called a nova, which comprises powerful eruptions on the surface of a white dwarf. A nova creates a shock wave that tears through the surrounding medium, pulling particles with it and accelerating them to extreme energies. Surprisingly, the nova 'RS Ophiuchi' seems to cause particles to accelerate at speeds reaching the theoretical limit, corresponding to ideal conditions. |
| Past global photosynthesis reacted quickly to more carbon in the air Posted: 10 Mar 2022 11:37 AM PST Ice cores allow climate researchers to look 800,000 years back in time: atmospheric carbon acts as fertilizer, increasing biological production. The mechanism removes carbon from the air and thereby dampens the acceleration in global warming. |
| Recently discovered protein turbocharges gene expression Posted: 10 Mar 2022 11:37 AM PST Scientists have found intriguing new details about a previously missing critical factor in gene expression. An ancient protein called NDF found in all human tissues enhances gene activation and may be involved in diseases such as cancer. |
| Heat stress for cattle may cost billions by century's end, study finds Posted: 10 Mar 2022 11:37 AM PST Climate change poses a potentially devastating economic threat to low-income cattle farmers in poor countries due to increasing heat stress on the animals. Globally, by the end of this century those producers may face financial loss between $15 and $40 billion annually. |
| Prenatal mindfulness program improves stress response in infants Posted: 10 Mar 2022 11:37 AM PST Infants whose mothers participated in a mindfulness-based program during pregnancy had healthier stress responses at 6 months old, a new study found. |
| Cancer patients do benefit from COVID-19 vaccination, study finds Posted: 10 Mar 2022 11:37 AM PST A recent study followed 515 patients with varying cancers. The goal was to evaluate if patients had an immune response to the Moderna mRNA-1273 vaccine and if that response differed by diagnosis and treatment. |
| ECMO may offer sickest COVID patients chance for 'exceptional survival', study finds Posted: 10 Mar 2022 11:37 AM PST Some patients with severe COVID-19 who are treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) may experience significant lung recovery and return to normal lives with 'meaningful' long-term outcomes, according to research. |
| New observations from ICESat-2 show remarkable Arctic sea ice thinning in just three years Posted: 10 Mar 2022 11:37 AM PST Over the past two decades, the Arctic has lost about one-third of its winter sea ice volume, largely due to a decline in sea ice that persists over several years, called multiyear ice, according to a new study. The study also found sea ice is likely thinner than previous estimates. Seasonal sea ice, which melts completely each summer rather than accumulating over years, is replacing thicker, multiyear ice and driving sea ice thinning trends, according to the new research. |
| Damage to inner ear system predicts fall risk among people with Alzheimer's disease Posted: 10 Mar 2022 11:37 AM PST A study of about 50 people with Alzheimer's disease has added to evidence that damage to the inner ear system that controls balance is a major factor in patients' well-documented higher risk of falling. |
| Ice-ocean interactions are accelerating melting in West Antarctica Posted: 10 Mar 2022 11:37 AM PST An analysis of Antarctica's Pope, Smith and Kohler glaciers has revealed an aggressive pattern of retreat connected to high melt rates of floating ice in the Amundsen Sea Embayment sector of West Antarctica. |
| Magnetism helps electrons vanish in high-temp superconductors Posted: 10 Mar 2022 11:37 AM PST A physicist's discovery could lead to the engineering of high-temp superconducting properties into materials useful for quantum computing, medical imaging. |
| Researchers discover genetic cause of sometimes deadly esophageal disorder in dogs Posted: 10 Mar 2022 11:37 AM PST German shepherds are predisposed to congenital idiopathic megaesophagus (CIM), an inherited disorder where a puppy develops an enlarged esophagus that fails to move food into their stomachs. Puppies with the condition regurgitate their food and fail to thrive, often leading to euthanasia. Researchers have now developed a genetic test for the disease that German shepherd dog breeders can use to reduce the risk that puppies in future litters will develop the disease. |
| Water determines magma depth, a key to accurate models of volcanic activity, eruption Posted: 10 Mar 2022 11:37 AM PST Around the world, between 40 and 50 volcanoes are currently erupting or in states of unrest, and hundreds of millions of people are at risk of hazards posed by these potentially active volcanos. Yet, despite the profound hazards posed to human life and property by volcanic eruptions, humanity still cannot reliably and accurately predict them, and even when forecasts are accurately made by experts, they may not afford ample time for people to evacuate and make emergency preparations. |
| Physicists show how frequencies can easily be multiplied without special circuitry Posted: 10 Mar 2022 11:37 AM PST A new discovery by physicists could make certain components in computers and smartphones obsolete. The team has succeeded in directly converting frequencies to higher ranges in a common magnetic material without the need for additional components. Frequency multiplication is a fundamental process in modern electronics. |
| After more than 20 years, scientists have solved the full-length structure of a Janus Kinase Posted: 10 Mar 2022 11:36 AM PST More than two decades of effort went into a project that has now revealed the structure of a crucial signaling molecule, opening the door to new and better drugs for some cancers. |
| Addressing knowledge gaps in shark and ray research Posted: 10 Mar 2022 08:51 AM PST Sharks and rays are one of the most ancient vertebrate groups, as well as one of the most endangered. Researchers still know very little about many shark and ray species and the environments in which they live, particularly rare species and those that dwell in remote areas, where resources and capacity for conducting study and monitoring are scarce. |
| How toddler-mother attachment impacts adolescent brain and behavior Posted: 10 Mar 2022 08:51 AM PST Interpersonal trust is a crucial component of healthy relationships. When we interact with strangers, we quickly gauge whether we can trust them. And those important social skills may be shaped by our earliest relationship with caregivers. Adolescents who had an insecure attachment to their mothers as toddlers are more likely to overestimate the trustworthiness of strangers, according to a new study from the University of Illinois. |
| Hawaiian corals show surprising resilience to warming oceans Posted: 10 Mar 2022 08:51 AM PST A long-term study of Hawaiian coral species provides a surprisingly optimistic view of how they might survive warmer and more acidic oceans resulting from climate change. |
| Genetic mechanisms of coral metamorphosis identified Posted: 10 Mar 2022 08:51 AM PST Researchers discovered the gene expression regulation mechanisms that drive coral transition from a floating larvae to one that sits sedentary in reefs. |
| Predicting tropical fish patterns in Japan Posted: 10 Mar 2022 08:51 AM PST Scientists have developed a model that predicts six tropical fish species will expand into northern parts of Japan as sea temperatures rise. |
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