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| Highway death toll messages cause more crashes Posted: 21 Apr 2022 11:15 AM PDT Displaying the highway death toll on message boards is a common awareness campaign, but new research shows this tactic actually leads to more crashes. This new study evaluated the effect of displaying crash death totals on highway message boards (e.g., '1669 deaths this year on Texas roads'). Versions of highway fatality messages have been displayed in at least 27 US states. |
| Designing the perfect piece of chocolate Posted: 21 Apr 2022 11:11 AM PDT We like some foods, and dislike others. Of course, the way food tastes is important, but mouthfeel, and even the sound that food makes when we bite it, also determine whether we enjoy the eating experience. Is it possible to design edible materials that optimize this enjoyment? Physicists and food researchers show that indeed it is. |
| Earliest geochemical evidence of plate tectonics found in 3.8-billion-year-old crystal Posted: 21 Apr 2022 10:10 AM PDT Plate tectonics may be unique to Earth and may be an essential characteristic of habitable planets. Estimates for its onset range from over 4 billion years ago to just 800 million years ago. A new study reports evidence of a transition in multiple locations around the world, 3.8-3.6 billion years ago, from stable 'protocrust' to pressures and processes that look a lot like modern subduction, suggesting a time when plates first got moving. |
| Melting land-based ice raises sea levels globally but can produce lowered levels locally Posted: 21 Apr 2022 10:09 AM PDT When a large ice sheet begins to melt, global-mean sea level rises, but local sea level near the ice sheet may in fact drop. A researcher illustrates this effect through a series of calculations, beginning with a simple, analytically tractable model and progressing through more sophisticated mathematical estimations of ice distributions and gravitation of displaced seawater mass. The paper includes numerical results for sea level change resulting from a 1,000-gigatonne loss of ice, with parameter values appropriate to the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets. |
| Cortisol in shelter dog hair shows signs of stress Posted: 21 Apr 2022 10:09 AM PDT Despite the good care, a shelter can be a stressful environment for dogs. Researchers investigated if the amount of the hormone cortisol in hair indicates the levels of stress that dogs experience before, during and after their stay in the shelter. |
| Study reveals set of brain regions that control complex sequences of movement Posted: 21 Apr 2022 10:09 AM PDT In a novel set of experiments with mice trained to do a sequence of movements and 'change course' at the spur of the moment, scientists report they have identified areas of the animals' brains that interact to control the ability to perform complex, sequential movements, as well as to help the mice rebound when their movements are interrupted without warning. |
| Key to improved green tech efficiency found in simple acid treatment Posted: 21 Apr 2022 10:09 AM PDT The development of new, more efficient electrochemical cells could provide a good option for carbon-free hydrogen and chemical production along with large-scale electricity generation and storage. But first, scientists must overcome several challenges, including how to make the cells more efficient and cost-effective. |
| Microdrones with light-driven nanomotors Posted: 21 Apr 2022 10:09 AM PDT Physicists have managed to propel micrometer-sized drones precisely using light only. Their microdrones are significantly smaller than red blood cells. |
| Circuit that focuses attention brings in wide array of inputs Posted: 21 Apr 2022 10:09 AM PDT With a comprehensive map of the wiring, researchers can now discern what information flows into the circuit to enable a key brain function. |
| Vision improvement is long-lasting with treatment for blinding blood vessel condition Posted: 21 Apr 2022 07:55 AM PDT New research shows that a treatment for retinal vein occlusion yields long-lasting vision gains, with visual acuity remaining significantly above baseline at five years. However, many patients require ongoing treatment. |
| In western floodplains, species adapt to bullfrog, sunfish invaders Posted: 21 Apr 2022 07:55 AM PDT A new study of a southwestern Washington floodplain finds that most native species adapt well to the invaders by shifting their food sources and feeding strategies. |
| Wearing dentures may affect a person's nutrition Posted: 21 Apr 2022 07:01 AM PDT Dentures may have a potentially negative impact on a person's overall nutrition, according to new research. The research team leveraged electronic dental and health records of 10,000+ patients to gain a better understanding of how oral health treatments affect individuals' overall health over time. The study found that people with dentures had a significant decline in nutrition markers. People who did not wear dentures did not experience this decline. This is believed to be the first study to report results of utilizing lab values of nutritional biomarkers and linking them with dental records. |
| Bonds from the past: A journey through the history of protein synthesis Posted: 21 Apr 2022 07:01 AM PDT The process of 'translation' in protein synthesis involves formation of a peptide bond between two amino acids that are attached to two distinct transfer RNAs (tRNAs). For long, scientists have been puzzled as to how these tRNAs evolutionarily lie so close to each other on the ribosome. In a new study, researchers explain how tRNA-like components act as scaffolds for peptide bond formation between amino acid-bound 'RNA minihelices,' which are half tRNA-like molecules. |
| Researchers demonstrate label-free super-resolution microscopy Posted: 21 Apr 2022 07:01 AM PDT Researchers describe a new measurement and imaging approach that can resolve nanostructures smaller than the diffraction limit of light without requiring any dyes or labels. The work is a modification of laser scanning microscopy. It represents an important advance toward a new and powerful microscopy method that could be used to see the fine features of complex samples beyond what is possible with conventional microscopes and techniques. |
| Sapphire fiber could enable cleaner energy and air-travel Posted: 21 Apr 2022 07:01 AM PDT Oxford University researchers have developed a sensor made of sapphire fibre that can tolerate extreme temperatures, with the potential to enable significant improvements in efficiency and emission reduction in aerospace and power generation. |
| The protein that keeps the pancreas from digesting itself Posted: 21 Apr 2022 07:01 AM PDT Scientists report that a protein known as estrogen-related receptor gamma is critical for preventing pancreatic auto-digestion in mice. Moreover, they discovered that people with pancreatitis have lower levels of this protein in cells affected by this inflammation. |
| Pain in the neck? New surgical method could be game-changing Posted: 21 Apr 2022 06:41 AM PDT Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion is widely used to treat spinal disorders. The fusion involves placing a bone graft or 'cage' and/or implants where the surgically removed damaged disc was originally located to stabilize and strengthen the area. The risk factors for cage migration are multifactorial and include patient, radiological characteristics, surgical techniques and postoperative factors. |
| Extracellular vesicles offer new insights into treating endocrine disorders Posted: 21 Apr 2022 06:41 AM PDT A new statement describes the importance of extracellular vesicles as a new research target for understanding the causes of certain endocrine disorders such as cancer and diabetes and discovering new treatments for these disorders. |
| A layered approach is needed to prevent infections from becoming harder to treat Posted: 21 Apr 2022 06:41 AM PDT Counteracting antimicrobial resistance needs a multipronged approach, including training, labeling food products, working with the media and changing mindsets, according to a new study. |
| Researchers take important step towards development of biological dental enamel Posted: 21 Apr 2022 06:41 AM PDT To this day, cavities and damage to enamel are repaired by dentists with the help of synthetic white filling materials. There is no natural alternative to this. But a new 3D model with human dental stem cells could change this in the future. |
| Expect to see more squid and less sockeye salmon on 'climate changed' menus Posted: 21 Apr 2022 06:41 AM PDT Vancouver seafood lovers may see more Humboldt squid but less sockeye salmon on restaurant menus in the near future due to climate change. That's according to a new study which examined 362 Vancouver restaurant menus from four time periods, spanning 1880 to 2021. |
| Women were less likely to return to work after a severe stroke Posted: 21 Apr 2022 06:41 AM PDT A new study has found that after a severe stroke treated with mechanical clot removal, about one third of stroke survivors resumed work three months later. Women were about half as likely to return to work three months after a severe stroke compared to men. The likelihood of returning to work for both men and women after a severe stroke was higher if they were treated with combined mechanical clot removal and clot-busting stroke medications as compared to mechanical clot removal alone. |
| Spatial distribution of pores helps determine where carbon is stored in the soil Posted: 21 Apr 2022 06:41 AM PDT Soils store more carbon than all the vegetation on the Earth's surface. However, there are still many unanswered questions about precisely which processes favor accumulation in the soil. Soil scientists have now developed a new method to show where and under what conditions carbon is stored f in the soil. It turns out, it is primarily the network of soil pores that controls the spatial distribution of carbon. |
| Intense exercise while dieting may reduce cravings for fatty food Posted: 21 Apr 2022 06:40 AM PDT In a study that offers hope for human dieters, rats on a 30-day diet who exercised intensely resisted cues for favored, high-fat food pellets. The experiment was designed to test resistance to the phenomenon known as 'incubation of craving,' meaning the longer a desired substance is denied, the harder it is to ignore signals for it. The findings suggest that exercise modulated how hard the rats were willing to work for cues associated with the pellets, reflecting how much they craved them. |
| Posted: 21 Apr 2022 06:40 AM PDT Experts have developed a ground-breaking software, which combines DNA sequencing and machine learning to help them find where, and to what extent, antibiotic resistant bacteria is being transmitted between humans, animals and the environment. |
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