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ScienceDaily: Top News |
| Face shape influences mask fit, suggests problems with double masking against COVID-19 Posted: 03 May 2022 08:05 AM PDT In a new study, researchers used principal component analysis along with fluid dynamics simulation models to show the crucial importance of proper fit for all types of masks and how face shape influences the most ideal fit. They modeled a moderate cough jet from a mouth of an adult male wearing a cloth mask over the nose and mouth with elastic bands wrapped around the ears and calculated the maximum volume flow rates through the front of mask and peripheral gaps at different material porosity levels. |
| Study of promising Alzheimer's marker in blood prompts warning about brain-boosting supplements Posted: 03 May 2022 08:05 AM PDT Elevated levels of an enzyme called PHGDH in the blood of older adults could be an early warning sign of Alzheimer's disease. Researchers have consistently found high levels of PHGDH expression in brain tissue and blood samples of older adults with different stages of the disease. |
| Indigenous peoples have shucked billions of oysters around the world sustainably Posted: 03 May 2022 08:05 AM PDT A new global study of Indigenous oyster fisheries shows that oyster fisheries were hugely productive and sustainably managed on a massive scale over hundreds and even thousands of years of intensive harvest. The study's broadest finding was that long before European colonizers arrived, the Indigenous groups in these locations harvested and ate immense quantities of oysters in a manner that did not appear to cause the bivalves' populations to suffer and crash. |
| Researchers discover new species of salamander from Gulf Coastal plains hotspot Posted: 03 May 2022 07:28 AM PDT There are approximately 750 species of salamander known to science, a third of which reside in North America. Now, a team of researchers has discovered a new species of swamp-dwelling dusky salamander from the Gulf Coastal Plain of southeastern Mississippi and southwestern Alabama. |
| Astronauts: Blood clot expert to study blood flow, clot formation in zero gravity Posted: 03 May 2022 07:28 AM PDT This was the first time a blood clot had been found in an astronaut in space, so there was no established method of treatment for DVT in zero gravity. |
| Younger exoplanets are better candidates when looking for other Earths Posted: 03 May 2022 07:02 AM PDT As the scientific community searches for worlds orbiting nearby stars that could potentially harbor life, new research suggests that younger rocky exoplanets are more likely to support temperate, Earth-like climates. |
| Researchers discover overlooked Jurassic Park of lizards Posted: 03 May 2022 06:17 AM PDT New research moves back the moment of the radiation of squamates -- the group of reptiles that includes lizards, snakes and worm lizards -- to the Jurassic, a long time before current estimates. |
| Endocrine-disrupting chemicals may impair bone health in male teens Posted: 03 May 2022 06:15 AM PDT Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and phthalates (two types of endocrine-disrupting chemicals) may be associated with lower bone mineral density in male teens, according to a new study. |
| A better way to create compounds for pharmaceuticals, other chemicals Posted: 03 May 2022 06:15 AM PDT What do gunpowder, penicillin and Teflon all have in common? They were inventions that took the world by storm, but they were all created by complete accident. |
| New tool better predicts COPD risk for people of non-European ancestry Posted: 03 May 2022 06:15 AM PDT Initial tests of a new 'crystal ball' for COPD revealed that it is better at predicting risk for both African-Americans and heavy smokers than existing models. |
| Repairing tendons with silk proteins Posted: 03 May 2022 06:15 AM PDT Researchers have developed a silk composite for significantly improved tendon regeneration and repair. |
| Bacteria make a beeline to escape tight spaces Posted: 03 May 2022 05:31 AM PDT A newly published study has revealed that bacteria alter their swimming patterns when they get into tight spaces -- making a beeline to escape from confinement. |
| New technology offers fighting chance against grapevine killer Posted: 03 May 2022 05:31 AM PDT CRISPR gene-editing technology represents hope for controlling the grapevine-killing glassy-winged sharpshooter. Scientists have demonstrated that this technology can make permanent physical changes in the insect. They also showed these changes were passed down to three or more generations of insects. |
| Study finds healthy-appearing lupus skin predisposed to flares, rashes Posted: 03 May 2022 05:30 AM PDT A new study finds that the normal-appearing skin of lupus patients contains the same inflammatory signals that are detected when the skin develops a rash, sometimes at even higher levels. Researchers say immune cells undergo an inflammatory transformation that primes the skin without rashes for disease flares. |
| Affirmative action bans had 'devastating impact' on diversity in medical schools, study finds Posted: 02 May 2022 02:09 PM PDT In states with bans on affirmative action programs, the proportion of students from underrepresented racial and ethnic minority groups in U.S. public medical schools fell by more than one-third by five years after those bans went into effect, according to a new study. |
| Precipitation helped drive distribution of Alaska dinosaurs Posted: 02 May 2022 02:09 PM PDT Precipitation more than temperature influenced the distribution of herbivorous dinosaurs in what is now Alaska, according to new research. The finding discusses the distribution of hadrosaurids and ceratopsids -- the megaherbivores of the Late Cretaceous Period, 100.5 million to 66 million years ago. |
| 'Resetting' the injured brain offers clues for concussion treatment Posted: 02 May 2022 02:09 PM PDT New research in mice raises the prospects for development of post-concussion therapies that could ward off cognitive decline and depression, two common conditions among people who have experienced a moderate traumatic brain injury. |
| Researchers develop powerful strategy for creating new-to-nature enzymes Posted: 02 May 2022 02:09 PM PDT Scientists achieve a novel biocatalytic reaction by repurposing natural enzymes with light, which could lead to valuable new chemical compounds. |
| Discovery about coral-algal symbiosis could help coral reefs recover after bleaching events Posted: 02 May 2022 02:09 PM PDT Although photosynthesis by algae is a key part of the symbiotic relationship it is not required to initiate symbiosis. The discovery adds to the little-understood relationship between cnidarians and algae at the molecular level and offers insight into how to jump start the symbiotic relationship between the two organisms after a bleaching event. It could also lead to strategies that might prevent warmer oceans from breaking the symbiotic relationship between the two organisms and saving what remains of the world's corals. |
| Process aims to strip ammonia from wastewater Posted: 02 May 2022 02:09 PM PDT Engineers have developed a high-performance nanowire catalyst that pulls ammonia and solid ammonia (fertilizer) from nitrate, a common contaminant in industrial wastewater and polluted groundwater. |
| Researchers bridge the gap between disciplines to better understand chemical reactions Posted: 02 May 2022 02:09 PM PDT Researchers are yielding new insights into how chemical reactions can be understood and guided. |
| Scientists map living corals before and after marine heat wave: Winners and losers discovered Posted: 02 May 2022 02:08 PM PDT Scientists reveal that different corals and environments influence the likelihood of their survival when ocean temperatures rise. The findings also demonstrate that advanced remote sensing technologies provide an opportunity to scale-up reef monitoring like never before. |
| Carbon, climate change and ocean anoxia in an ancient icehouse world Posted: 02 May 2022 02:08 PM PDT A new study describes a period of rapid global climate change in an ice-capped world much like the present -- but 304 million years ago. Within about 300,000 years, atmospheric carbon dioxide levels doubled, oceans became anoxic, and biodiversity dropped on land and at sea. |
| Park rangers use butterflies to take planet's pulse in a biodiversity hotspot Posted: 02 May 2022 11:26 AM PDT For the last decade, biologists have documented a worrying decline in insect abundance, which some fear may prelude an arthropod apocalypse. These studies, however, are primarily carried out in temperature regions while the tropics, which harbor the vast majority of insect species, largely remains a black box. In a new study, biologists turn to the aid of park rangers in Ecuador's Yasuní National Park -- considered one of the most biodiverse ecosystems on the planet -- to assess changes to insect abundance. |
| Researchers home in on Thera volcano eruption date Posted: 02 May 2022 11:26 AM PDT Tree-ring, ice core and volcano experts teamed up to identify one of the most climatically impactful volcanic eruptions in 4,000 years -- Aniakchak II. In the process, they narrowed down potential dates for the Thera volcano eruption. |
| Aging and fake news: It's not the story you think it is Posted: 02 May 2022 11:22 AM PDT A new study has found that older adults are no more likely to fall for fake news than younger adults, with age-related susceptibility to deceptive news evident only among those categorized as the 'oldest old.' |
| Geophysics: Better insights into Earth's interior Posted: 02 May 2022 11:21 AM PDT Geophysicists have developed a method that allows them to investigate the composition of the Earth with better results. |
| Self-eliminating genes tested on mosquitoes Posted: 02 May 2022 10:13 AM PDT Scientists have tested a technology to make temporary genetic modifications in mosquitoes. The modifications self-delete over time. |
| Studies find the seeds of a forest's renewal after wildfire, drought Posted: 02 May 2022 09:54 AM PDT By quantifying the seed production of more than 700 trees species worldwide and how each species' productivity can vary by location, two new studies can help boost the success of efforts to replant and restore forests after devastating wildfires, droughts or other disturbances. The studies, which synthesize data on species from the tropics to subarctic regions, are the first to quantify global patterns in tree seed production. |
| Posted: 02 May 2022 09:54 AM PDT DNA-to-protein mapping could help researchers understand some health disparities. |
| Dinosaur extinction changed plant evolution Posted: 02 May 2022 09:53 AM PDT The absence of large herbivores after the extinction of the dinosaurs changed the evolution of plants. The 25 million years of large herbivore absence slowed down the evolution of new plant species. Defensive features such as spines regressed and fruit sizes increased. The research has demonstrated this using palm trees as a model system. |
| Search reveals eight new sources of black hole echoes Posted: 02 May 2022 09:05 AM PDT Astronomers discovered eight new echoing black hole binaries in our galaxy, enabling them to piece together a general picture of how a black hole evolves during an outburst. The findings will help scientists trace a black hole's evolution as it feeds on stellar material. |
| Nanotechnology enables visualization of RNA structures at near-atomic resolution Posted: 02 May 2022 09:05 AM PDT Researchers have reported a fundamentally new approach to the structural investigation of RNA molecules. ROCK, as it is called, uses an RNA nanotechnological technique that allows it to assemble multiple identical RNA molecules into a highly organized structure, which significantly reduces the flexibility of individual RNA molecules and multiplies their molecular weight. The team showed that their method enables the structural analysis of the contained RNA subunits with a technique known as cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). |
| Tiny sensor used to track the migratory patterns of monarch butterflies Posted: 02 May 2022 09:05 AM PDT Scientists have developed a tracking system that can be attached to monarch butterflies and transmit data about their location all throughout their three-month migratory journey south. |
| AI-enabled ECGs may identify patients at greater risk of stroke, cognitive decline Posted: 02 May 2022 09:05 AM PDT Atrial fibrillation, the most common cardiac rhythm abnormality, has been linked to one-third of ischemic strokes, the most common type of stroke. But atrial fibrillation is underdiagnosed, partly because many patients are asymptomatic. |
| Ablation therapy applied to stomach disorders Posted: 02 May 2022 09:05 AM PDT Researchers have shown that ablation therapy, often used to correct an abnormally beating heart, could be used to correct disorders of the stomach. |
| Cilia-free stem cells offer new path to study rare diseases Posted: 02 May 2022 09:05 AM PDT A group of rare diseases called ciliopathies -- polycystic kidney disease notable among them -- emerge from defects in cilia. These are the tiny hairlike structures on the surface of almost every cell type. Scientists experimentally 'knocked out,' or genetically deleted, the cilia in a population of otherwise normal human pluripotent stem cells. Subsequently, human tissues and mini-organ structures (organoids) derived from these cilia-free stem cells manifested ciliopathy-like symptoms, such those seen in polycystic kidney disease or in certain problems in brain development. |
| A new strategy for active metasurface design provides a full 360° phase tunable metasurface Posted: 02 May 2022 09:04 AM PDT An international team of researchers has demonstrated a widely applicable methodology enabling a full 360° active phase modulation for metasurfaces while maintaining significant levels of uniform light amplitude. This strategy can be fundamentally applied to any spectral region with any structures and resonances that fit the bill. |
| New research could help identify babies at risk of brain bleeds Posted: 02 May 2022 09:04 AM PDT Researchers have uncovered a new way to help identify babies and fetuses at high-risk of developing brain bleeds, paving the way for better early intervention. |
| Study supports stronger conservation efforts Appalachians and the Gulf Coast, US Posted: 02 May 2022 09:04 AM PDT Study of Campanula americana supports strengthening conservation efforts in glacial refugia areas because of their high genetic diversity. Conservation of those areas in the southern Appalachians and the Gulf Coast has implications for other areas of the country. |
| As climate shifts, species will need to relocate, and people may have to help them Posted: 02 May 2022 09:04 AM PDT Climate change is already affecting plants and animals worldwide and is a growing threat to biodiversity, adding a new layer to the existing challenges of habitat loss, invasive species, pollution, and overexploitation. A new study surveyed the recommendations of scientists for managing biodiversity in the face of climate change, providing a summary of practical guidance and identifying areas in need of further research. |
| Older men with high body-mass index have more sperm cell irregularities Posted: 02 May 2022 09:04 AM PDT Single-cell analysis of autopsied human testes suggests that abnormalities associated with aging sperm cells might be exacerbated by elevated body mass index (BMI). |
| New insights on the importance of skull channels for brain health Posted: 02 May 2022 09:04 AM PDT Researchers who previously discovered channels in the skull have found that cerebrospinal fluid can exit the brain through these channels to reach the skull's bone marrow, which can detect and respond to infection or injury. Tapping into this process may help investigators study and treat inflammation-related brain conditions. |
| Sweet spots in the sea: Mountains of sugar under seagrass meadows Posted: 02 May 2022 09:04 AM PDT Seagrasses play an important role in our climate. They are one of the most efficient sinks of carbon dioxide on Earth. A team of scientists now reports that seagrasses release large amounts of sugar, largely in the form of sucrose, into their soils -- worldwide more than 1 million tons of sucrose, enough for 32 billion cans of coke. Such high concentrations of sugar are surprising. Normally, microorganisms quickly consume any free sugars in their environment. The scientists found that seagrasses excrete phenolic compounds, and these deter most microorganisms from degrading the sucrose. This ensures that the sucrose remains buried underneath the meadows and cannot be converted into CO2 and returned to the ocean and atmosphere. |
| Researchers develop smartphone-powered microchip for at-home medical diagnostic testing Posted: 02 May 2022 06:47 AM PDT A research team has developed a new microfluidic chip for diagnosing diseases that uses a minimal number of components and can be powered wirelessly by a smartphone. The innovation opens the door for faster and more affordable at-home medical testing. |
| Breakthrough in treatment for Dupuytren's disease Posted: 30 Apr 2022 08:37 AM PDT Injection of the anti-TNF drug adalimumab into Dupuytren's disease nodules is effective in reducing nodule hardness and nodule size. |
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