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ScienceDaily: Top News |
| Microbes can degrade the toughest PFAS Posted: 23 May 2022 01:28 PM PDT Engineers now report selective breakdown of a particularly stubborn class of PFAS called fluorinated carboxylic acids (FCAs) by common microorganisms. Under anaerobic conditions, a carbon-carbon double bond is crucial for the shattering the ultra-strong carbon-fluorine bond by microbial communities. The resulting products could be relayed to other microorganisms for defluorination under in aerobic conditions. |
| Low-cost gel film can pluck drinking water from desert air Posted: 23 May 2022 01:28 PM PDT Researchers developed a low-cost gel film made of abundant materials that can pull drinkable water from the air in even the driest climates. |
| Designers find better solutions with computer assistance, but sacrifice creative touch Posted: 23 May 2022 12:07 PM PDT A computer-guided approach to design can propose more solutions and balance out human inexperience and design fixation. |
| Researchers have developed a potential super wheat for salty soils Posted: 23 May 2022 12:06 PM PDT Researchers have developed several new varieties of wheat that tolerate soils with higher salt concentrations. After having mutated a wheat variety from Bangladesh, they now have a wheat with seeds that weigh three times more and that germinate almost twice as often as the original variety. |
| Charting a safe course through a highly uncertain environment Posted: 23 May 2022 12:06 PM PDT Researchers have developed a trajectory-planning system for autonomous vehicles that enables them to travel from a starting point to a target location safely, even when there are many different uncertainties in the environment, such as unknown variations in the shapes, sizes, and locations of obstacles. |
| Air pollution linked to deadly heart rhythm disorder Posted: 23 May 2022 12:06 PM PDT Life-threatening arrhythmias are more common on days with highly polluted air, according to new research. |
| Taste buds can adapt to low salt diet Posted: 23 May 2022 12:06 PM PDT A taste adaptation intervention lowers salt intake and increases enjoyment of a sodium restricted diet in patients with hypertension, according to a small study. |
| Small adaptations, major effect: Researchers study potential of future public transportation Posted: 23 May 2022 12:06 PM PDT Being mobile individually, at any time -- without owning a car: To facilitate this, public transportation authorities cooperate with service providers for new forms of mobility such as bicycle sharing, car sharing, or ridepooling. Researchers have studied how publicly available mobility options in the Karlsruhe region in the future can optimally fulfill the citizens' needs. The result: Widespread availability of pooling and sharing services and improved public transportation will profit both -- and reduce car traffic. |
| Twisted soft robots navigate mazes without human or computer guidance Posted: 23 May 2022 12:06 PM PDT Researchers have developed soft robots that are capable of navigating complex environments, such as mazes, without input from humans or computer software. |
| Alcohol may be more risky to the heart than previously thought Posted: 23 May 2022 10:50 AM PDT Levels of alcohol consumption currently considered safe by some countries are linked with development of heart failure. |
| Bacteria can live in snake and spider venoms Posted: 23 May 2022 10:50 AM PDT Newly published research shows that, contrary to what is commonly believed, the venom of snakes and spiders is actually populated with microbes, including bacteria that could cause infection in people who have suffered a bite. |
| Using Artificial Intelligence to Predict Life-Threatening Bacterial Disease in Dogs Posted: 23 May 2022 10:50 AM PDT Veterinarians and researchers have developed a technique to predict leptospirosis in dogs through artificial intelligence. Leptospirosis is a life-threatening bacterial disease dogs can get from drinking contaminated water. |
| 'I don't even remember what I read': People enter a 'dissociative state' when using social media Posted: 23 May 2022 10:50 AM PDT Researchers found that people might not be 'addicted' to social media. Instead they get stuck in a state of dissociation, like what happens when you are reading a good book. |
| New CRISPR-combo boosts genome editing power in plants Posted: 23 May 2022 10:50 AM PDT Scientists have developed CRISPR-Combo, a method to edit multiple genes in plants while simultaneously changing the expression of other genes. This new tool will enable genetic engineering combinations that work together to boost functionality and improve breeding of new crops. |
| Diamond mirrors for high-powered lasers Posted: 23 May 2022 09:25 AM PDT Researchers have built a mirror out of one of the strongest materials on the planet: diamond. By etching nanostructures onto the surface of a thin sheet of diamond, the research team built a highly reflective mirror that withstood, without damage, experiments with a 10-kilowatt Navy laser. In the future, the researchers envision these mirrors being used for defense applications, semiconductor manufacturing, industrial manufacturing, and deep space communications. |
| Genetic test can diagnose certain immune system disorders Posted: 23 May 2022 09:25 AM PDT Primary immunodeficiency disorders (PID) can result in chronic and sometimes life-threatening infections. More than 450 PIDs have been described, but timely and accurate diagnoses remain a challenge. In a new study investigators used next-generation sequencing technology to test a DNA panel of 130 different immune system genes from 22 study participants. They found that many patients had inherited a genetic defect that caused a disorder in their immune system. These findings will facilitate better treatment options and earlier diagnosis in family members who may have inherited the same genetic abnormality. |
| Gene-edited tomatoes could be a new source of vitamin D Posted: 23 May 2022 08:55 AM PDT Tomatoes gene-edited to produce vitamin D, the sunshine vitamin, could be a simple and sustainable innovation to address a global health problem. |
| Skydiving salamanders live in world's tallest trees Posted: 23 May 2022 08:55 AM PDT Researchers have documented in a vertical wind tunnel the amazing ability of one species of salamander -- which spends its entire life in the tops of redwoods -- to parachute, glide and maneuver in mid-air. Ground-dwellers, on the other hand, freak out during free-fall. The salamander's skydiving skills are likely a way to steer back to a tree it has fallen or jumped from to avoid terrestrial predators. |
| Novel AI algorithm for digital pathology analysis Posted: 23 May 2022 08:55 AM PDT Digital pathology is an emerging field which deals with mainly microscopy images that are derived from patient biopsies. Because of the high resolution, most of these whole slide images (WSI) have a large size, typically exceeding a gigabyte (Gb). Therefore, typical image analysis methods cannot efficiently handle them. Seeing a need, researchers developed a novel artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm based on a framework called representation learning to classify lung cancer subtype based on lung tissue images from resected tumors. |
| New recipe for restaurant, app contracts Posted: 23 May 2022 08:55 AM PDT A novel contract could help alleviate key sources of conflict between restaurants and food-delivery platforms. |
| Noisy jackdaw birds reach 'consensus' before taking off Posted: 23 May 2022 08:55 AM PDT On cold, dark winter mornings, small black crows known as jackdaws can be heard calling loudly to one another from their winter roosting spots in the U.K. before taking off simultaneously right around sunrise. Now, researchers who've studied their daily activities in unprecedented detail report evidence that these groups of hundreds of individuals rely on a 'democratic' decision-making process to coordinate with one another and take to the skies all at once. |
| New research may explain unexpected effects of common painkillers Posted: 23 May 2022 08:55 AM PDT Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen and aspirin are widely used to treat pain and inflammation. But even at similar doses, different NSAIDs can have unexpected and unexplained effects on many diseases, including heart disease and cancer. |
| Watching corals breathe: Simultaneously measuring flow and oxygen Posted: 23 May 2022 08:55 AM PDT An international research team has developed tiny particles that measure the oxygen concentration in their surroundings. In this way, they can track fluid flow and oxygen content at the same time -- exciting prospects for many fields of research, from biology to physics. |
| Planets of binary stars as possible homes for alien life Posted: 23 May 2022 08:55 AM PDT Nearly half of Sun-size stars are binary. According to new research, planetary systems around binary stars may be very different from those around single stars. This points to new targets in the search for extraterrestrial life forms. |
| The limits of vision: Seeing shadows in the dark Posted: 23 May 2022 08:54 AM PDT A specific retinal pathway enables mice to detect incredibly dim shadows -- nearly reaching the limit of what's physically possible. The same circuit is in human eyes, which might enable researchers to probe visual diseases at unprecedented resolution. |
| New tech aims to drive down costs of hydrogen fuel Posted: 23 May 2022 08:54 AM PDT Researchers have developed a new technique for extracting hydrogen gas from liquid carriers which is faster, less expensive and more energy efficient than previous approaches. |
| Hydrogen production method opens up clean energy possibilities Posted: 23 May 2022 08:49 AM PDT A new energy-efficient way to produce hydrogen gas from ethanol and water has the potential to make clean hydrogen fuel a more viable alternative for gasoline to power cars. |
| Human-made iron inputs to the Southern Ocean ten times higher than previously estimated Posted: 23 May 2022 07:22 AM PDT The supply of iron from the atmosphere to the ocean in the Southern Ocean region is projected to decline significantly, which may have unexpected consequences for the future climate. |
| A family of termites has been traversing the world's oceans for millions of years Posted: 23 May 2022 07:22 AM PDT A comprehensive family tree, based on DNA sequences, has revealed that drywood termites have made at least 40 oceanic journeys over the last 50 million years to reach far flung landmasses. |
| Monitoring the 'journey' of microplastics through the intestine of a living organism Posted: 23 May 2022 07:22 AM PDT A UAB research team has managed to track the behaviour of microplastics during their 'journey' through the intestinal tract of a living organism and illustrate what happens along the way. The study, carried out on Drosophila melanogaster using electron microscopy equipment developed by the researchers themselves, represents a significant step towards a more precise analysis of the health risks of being exposed to these pollutants. |
| New measurements from Northern Sweden show less methane emissions than feared Posted: 23 May 2022 07:22 AM PDT It is widely understood that thawing permafrost can lead to significant amounts of methane being released. However, new research shows that in some areas, this release of methane could be a tenth of the amount predicted from a thaw. A crucial, yet an open question is how much precipitation the future will bring. |
| Men with obesity can double their sperm count Posted: 23 May 2022 07:22 AM PDT Men with obesity can double their sperm count if they lose weight and maintain the weight loss. |
| Neurons: How RNA granules grow and shrink Posted: 23 May 2022 07:22 AM PDT Scientists have shown that small aggregates function as temporary RNA repositories, which are regulated by neural activity. |
| What happens when plants have stress reactions to touch Posted: 23 May 2022 07:22 AM PDT A 30-year-old genetic mystery has been solved. It has previously been established that touch can trigger stress reactions in plants. However, the molecular models for explaining this process have been quite spartan so far. Now researchers have found genetic keys that explain how plants respond so strongly to mechanical stimuli. Cracking this code could help lead to higher yields and improved stress resistance in crops in the future. |
| A subtle genetic change gives new clues about epilepsy Posted: 23 May 2022 07:22 AM PDT Sometimes, even the alteration of a single nucleotide in a gene can cause serious disease. In a young boy with epilepsy, this kind of mutation has not just affected the functioning of the protein in question -- it could also curb the functioning of several closely related proteins. |
| Custom 'headphones' boost atomic radio reception 100-fold Posted: 23 May 2022 07:22 AM PDT Researchers have boosted the sensitivity of their atomic radio receiver a hundredfold by enclosing the small glass cylinder of cesium atoms inside what looks like custom copper 'headphones.' |
| The drug gabapentin may boost functional recovery after a stroke Posted: 23 May 2022 06:34 AM PDT The drug gabapentin, currently prescribed to control seizures and reduce nerve pain, may enhance recovery of movement after a stroke by helping neurons on the undamaged side of the brain take up the signaling work of lost cells, new research in mice suggests. |
| Multiple habitats need protecting to save UK bumblebees, finds 10-year citizen science study Posted: 23 May 2022 06:33 AM PDT A study using 10 years of citizen science data has found that a variety of targeted conservation approaches are needed to protect UK bumblebee species. |
| Spinning is key for line-dancing electrons in iron selenide Posted: 23 May 2022 06:33 AM PDT Quantum physicists have answered a puzzling question at the forefront of research into iron-based superconductors: Why do electrons in iron selenide dance to a different tune when they move right and left rather than forward and back? In a new study, the researchers report the discovery of high-energy spin anisotropy that occurs concurrently with electronic nematicity in iron selenide. |
| Lifestyle changes, meds effective to prevent or delay Type 2 diabetes; no change in CVD Posted: 23 May 2022 06:33 AM PDT New findings detail the 21-year follow-up of more than 3,200 adults with prediabetes who had participated in the original Diabetes Prevention Program trial. The DPPOS confirmed that treatment through lifestyle interventions or the medication metformin were effective long-term in preventing or delaying the development of Type 2 diabetes among adults with prediabetes compared to the participants who received standard care. However, the study participants' risk of having a heart attack, stroke or dying from cardiovascular disease over the 21-year study period did not differ in the metformin or lifestyle intervention groups compared to the standard care group. |
| Statement updates ambulatory blood pressure classification in children and adolescents Posted: 23 May 2022 06:33 AM PDT The statement provides simplified classifications for ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) in children and adolescents. ABPM is designed to evaluate a person's blood pressure during daily living activities, including times of physical activity, sleep and stress. |
| Turning X chromosome 'off and on again' critical for oocyte development Posted: 23 May 2022 06:33 AM PDT Researchers have found that a carefully orchestrated act of X-chromosome 'yoyo' predicts the successful and efficient development of mammalian egg cells. The findings could pave the way for generating artificial oocytes in the laboratory, helping researchers study the causes and treatments of infertility disorders and test the impact of drugs and chemicals on women's reproduction. |
| California shellfish farmers adapt to climate change Posted: 23 May 2022 06:33 AM PDT Researchers interviewed California shellfish growers to find out how they perceive ocean acidification, and to learn what strategies they think will help their operations adapt to changing environmental conditions. |
| Children who play adventurously have better mental health Posted: 20 May 2022 11:46 AM PDT Children who spend more time playing adventurously have lower symptoms of anxiety and depression, and were happier over the first Covid-19 lockdown, according to new research. |
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