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| The immune system is very complicated, but now, it's on a chip Posted: 15 Mar 2022 12:01 PM PDT Scientists have a new tool to help them tease out the immune system's mysteries. Researchers cultured human B and T cells inside a microfluidic Organ Chip and coaxed them to form functional lymphoid follicles (LFs) -- structures that reside in lymph nodes and other parts of the human body and mediate immune responses. The LF Chip replicated human immune responses to both pathogens and a commercial influenza vaccine in vitro, offering significant improvement over existing preclinical models like cells in a dish and non-human primates. |
| Materials scientists finding solutions to biggest hurdle for solar cell technology Posted: 15 Mar 2022 11:18 AM PDT Materials scientists have discovered the major reason why perovskite solar cells -- which show great promise for improved energy-conversion efficiency -- degrade in sunlight, causing their performance to suffer over time. The team successfully demonstrated a simple manufacturing adjustment to fix the cause of the degradation, clearing the biggest hurdle toward the widespread adoption of the thin-film solar cell technology. |
| Posted: 14 Mar 2022 03:15 PM PDT Planned movement is essential to our daily lives, and it often requires delayed execution. As children, we stood crouched and ready but waited for the shout of 'GO!' before sprinting from the starting line. As adults, we wait until the traffic light turns green before making a turn. New research explores how cues in our environment can trigger planned movement. |
| Rapid changes to the Arctic seafloor noted as submerged permafrost thaws Posted: 14 Mar 2022 12:44 PM PDT A new study has documented how the thawing of permafrost submerged underwater at the edge of the Arctic Ocean is affecting the seafloor. |
| Close the blinds during sleep to protect your health Posted: 14 Mar 2022 12:43 PM PDT Exposure to even moderate ambient lighting during nighttime sleep, compared to sleeping in a dimly lit room, harms your cardiovascular function during sleep and increases your insulin resistance the following morning, reports a new study. Just a single night of exposure to moderate room lighting during sleep can impair glucose and cardiovascular regulation, which are risk factors for heart disease, diabetes and metabolic syndrome. |
| Photo or the real thing? Mice can inherently recall and tell them apart, experiments show Posted: 14 Mar 2022 06:57 AM PDT The ability to make perceptual and conceptual judgements such as knowing the difference between a picture of an object and the actual 3D object itself has been considered a defining capacity of primates, until now. A study provides the very first behavioral evidence that laboratory mice are capable of higher-order cognitive processes. Findings also provide strong support that the mouse's hippocampus, like that of humans, is required for this form of nonspatial visual recognition memory and picture-object equivalence. |
| Meteorites that helped form Earth may have formed in the outer solar system Posted: 12 Mar 2022 07:30 AM PST Earth is believed to have formed partly from carbonaceous meteorites, which are thought to come from outer main-belt asteroids. Telescopic observations of outer main-belt asteroids suggest that they formed with ammonia ice which is only stable at very low temperatures. A new study suggests these materials may have formed very far out in the early Solar System then been transported into the inner Solar System by chaotic mixing processes. |
| Scientists make leap forward for genetic sequencing Posted: 11 Mar 2022 03:25 PM PST Researchers reveal new details about a key enzyme that makes DNA sequencing possible. The finding is a leap forward into the era of personalized medicine when doctors will be able to design treatments based on the genomes of individual patients. |
| Newly identified softshell turtle lived alongside T. rex and Triceratops Posted: 11 Mar 2022 06:53 AM PST Scientists describe the find of a new softshell turtle from the end of the Cretaceous Period. |
| Cosmic particle accelerator at its limit Posted: 10 Mar 2022 11:37 AM PST With the help of special telescopes, researchers have observed a cosmic particle accelerator as never before. Observations made with the gamma ray observatory H.E.S.S. in Namibia show for the first time the course of an acceleration process in a stellar process called a nova, which comprises powerful eruptions on the surface of a white dwarf. A nova creates a shock wave that tears through the surrounding medium, pulling particles with it and accelerating them to extreme energies. Surprisingly, the nova 'RS Ophiuchi' seems to cause particles to accelerate at speeds reaching the theoretical limit, corresponding to ideal conditions. |
| The start of the birth of planets in a binary star system observed Posted: 10 Mar 2022 08:51 AM PST Astronomers have observed primordial material that may be giving birth to three planetary systems around a binary star in unprecedented detail. |
| Posted: 10 Mar 2022 08:51 AM PST Animals often use highly specific signals to warn their herd about approaching predators. Surprisingly, similar behaviors are also observed among plants. Shedding more light on this phenomenon, researchers have discovered one such mechanism. Using Arabidopsis thaliana as a model system, the researchers have shown that herbivore-damaged plants give off volatile chemical 'scents' that trigger epigenetic modifications in the defense genes of neighboring plants. These genes subsequently trigger anti-herbivore defense systems. |
| One step closer to artificial rhino eggs Posted: 10 Mar 2022 08:51 AM PST To prevent the extinction of the northern white rhino, researchers are attempting to create artificial egg cells from stem cells. A team has now revealed that they are one step closer to achieving this goal. |
| 196 lasers help scientists recreate the conditions inside gigantic galaxy clusters Posted: 09 Mar 2022 11:09 AM PST Scientists have long known that the hydrogen gas in galaxy clusters is searingly hot -- about 10 million degrees Kelvin, or roughly the same temperature as the center of the sun -- which is so hot that hydrogen atoms cannot exist. Instead the gas is a plasma consisting of protons and electrons. But a puzzle persists: There is no straightforward explanation for why or how the gas stays so hot. According to the normal rules of physics, it should have cooled within the age of the universe. But it hasn't. Scientists have created conditions similar to the hot gas in gigantic galaxy clusters. |
| Giant impact crater in Greenland occurred a few million years after dinosaurs went extinct Posted: 09 Mar 2022 11:08 AM PST Researchers have dated the enormous Hiawatha impact crater, a 31-kilometer-wide meteorite crater buried under a kilometer of Greenlandic ice. The dating ends speculation that the meteorite impacted after the appearance of humans and opens up a new understanding of Earth's evolution in the post-dinosaur era. |
| Black hole billiards in the centers of galaxies Posted: 09 Mar 2022 10:19 AM PST Researchers provide the first plausible explanation to why one of the most massive black hole pairs observed to date by gravitational waves also seemed to merge on a non-circular orbit. Their suggested solution involves a chaotic triple drama inside a giant disk of gas around a super massive black hole in a galaxy far, far away. |
| An 'oracle' for predicting the evolution of gene regulation Posted: 09 Mar 2022 10:18 AM PST Computational biologists have created a neural network model capable of predicting how changes to non-coding DNA sequences in yeast affect gene expression. They also devised a unique way of representing this data in two dimensions, making it easy to understand the past and future evolution of non-coding sequences in organisms beyond yeast -- and even design custom gene expression patterns for gene therapies and industrial applications. |
| Avian secret: The key to agile bird flight is switching quickly between stable and unstable gliding Posted: 09 Mar 2022 08:11 AM PST While it had been assumed that unstable gliding was the key to agility in bird flight, a collaboration between aerospace engineers and biologists has revealed that stability plays a role. |
| Forget mammoths: These researchers are exploring bringing back the extinct Christmas Island rat Posted: 09 Mar 2022 08:10 AM PST Dinosaurs went extinct 65 million years ago, mammoths 4,000 years ago, and the Christmas Island Rat 119 years ago. Since becoming a popular concept in the 1990s, de-extinction efforts have focused on grand animals with mythical stature, but now a team of paleogeneticists has turned their attention to Rattus macleari, and their findings provide insights into the limitations of de-extinction across all species. |
| Molecules, rare earths, and light: Innovative platform for quantum computers and communications Posted: 09 Mar 2022 08:10 AM PST Communication between quantum systems depends on their ability to effectively interact with light. Some molecular crystals have proven to be new materials with excellent quantum properties. They are of great interest for creating quantum computers that can communicate among themselves using fibre optic networks. |
| Beheaded croc reveals ancient family secrets Posted: 09 Mar 2022 07:45 AM PST The partially fossilized remains of a giant extinct crocodilian that could have been ritualistically beheaded explain how modern crocodilian species may have evolved. Discovered in southern China, the new species is estimated to have been 6 meters long and the top predator of its environment. Human migration into southern China and subsequent hunting might have driven it to extinction only a few hundred years ago. The discovery may impact knowledge of ancient Chinese civilization. |
| Innovative solution for thermal energy storage Posted: 09 Mar 2022 07:44 AM PST A new research article features one major challenge overcome through a remarkably simple idea, opening the door to expanded use of phase-change materials (PCMs) for energy-efficient heating and cooling. |
| Some of the world's lowest rates of dementia found in Amazonian indigenous groups Posted: 09 Mar 2022 06:07 AM PST A new study reveals that two indigenous groups in the Bolivian Amazon have among the lowest rates of dementia in the world. An international team of researchers found among older Tsimane and Moseten people, only about 1 percent suffer from dementia. In contrast, 11 percent of people age 65 and older living in the United States have dementia. |
| How baboons keep healthy family boundaries Posted: 07 Mar 2022 01:20 PM PST Drawing on 48 years of data on the family trees and mate choices of 1,624 wild baboons in Kenya, a new study finds that baboons generally steer clear of mates that are half-siblings or closer. But baboons proved less discriminating with their father's side of the family than their mother's, the researchers report. |
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