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| Smoke from nuclear war would devastate ozone layer, alter climate Posted: 13 Oct 2021 02:40 PM PDT The massive columns of smoke generated by a nuclear war would alter the world's climate for years and devastate the ozone layer, endangering both human health and food supplies, new research shows. The international study draws on newly developed computer climate modeling techniques to paint an even grimmer picture of a global nuclear war's aftermath than previous analyses. |
| Quarks and antiquarks at high momentum shake the foundations of visible matter Posted: 13 Oct 2021 12:22 PM PDT Two independent studies have illuminated unexpected substructures in the fundamental components of all matter. Preliminary results using a novel tagging method could explain the origin of the longstanding nuclear paradox known as the EMC effect. Meanwhile, authors will share next steps after the recent observation of asymmetrical antimatter in the proton. |
| Immense set of mysterious fast radio bursts Posted: 13 Oct 2021 10:16 AM PDT An international team of astronomers recently observed more than 1,650 fast radio bursts (FRBs) detected from one source in deep space, which amounts to the largest set -- by far -- of the mysterious phenomena ever recorded. The source, dubbed FRB 121102, was observed using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST) in China, and represents more FRBs in one event than all previous reported occurrences combined. |
| Precise measurement of neutron lifetime Posted: 13 Oct 2021 10:16 AM PDT Physicists have made the most precise measurement of the neutron's lifetime, which may help answer questions about the early universe. |
| Scientists develop new strategy that rapidly quantifies transmissibility of COVID-19 variants Posted: 13 Oct 2021 08:40 AM PDT Researchers have developed a new nanomechanical technique for fast, one-step, immune-affinity tests, which can quantify the immune response induced by different COVID-19 variants in serum. Their technique provides a new tool for tracking infection immunity over time and for analysing new vaccine candidates. |
| Longstanding magnetic materials classification problem solved Posted: 13 Oct 2021 08:40 AM PDT For over 100 years, physicists, chemists, and materials scientists have developed extensive theoretical and experimental machinery to predict and characterize the electronic properties of magnetic materials, but even the most successful classification system, developed almost 75 years ago by Lev Shubnikov, was incomplete. An international team of researchers announced this week that it has finally been completed. |
| Fluorescent spray lights up tumors for easy detection during surgery Posted: 13 Oct 2021 08:40 AM PDT The prognosis for a cancer patient who undergoes surgery is better if the surgeon removes all of the tumor, but it can be hard to tell where a tumor ends and healthy tissue begins. Now, scientists report that they have developed a fluorescent spray that specifically lights up cancerous tissue so it can be identified readily and removed during surgery. |
| Crafting a 'sponge' for adsorbing and desorbing gas molecules Posted: 13 Oct 2021 08:40 AM PDT A group of researchers have created an unusual material -- a soft crystal made of molecules known as a catenanes-- that behaves in a novel way that could be used in applications such as films that capture carbon dioxide molecules. |
| Posted: 13 Oct 2021 08:40 AM PDT The planet Venus can be seen as the Earth's evil twin. At first sight, it is of comparable mass and size as our home planet, similarly consists mostly of rocky material, holds some water and has an atmosphere. Yet, a closer look reveals striking differences between them: Venus' thick CO2 atmosphere, extreme surface temperature and pressure, and sulphuric acid clouds are indeed a stark contrast to the conditions needed for life on Earth. This may, however, have not always been the case. Previous studies have suggested that Venus may have been a much more hospitable place in the past, with its own liquid water oceans. A team of astrophysicists investigated whether our planet's twin did indeed have milder periods. The results suggest that this is not the case. |
| How to force photons to never bounce back Posted: 13 Oct 2021 08:40 AM PDT Scientists have developed a topology-based method that forces microwave photons to travel along on way path, despite unprecedented levels of disorder and obstacles on their way. This discovery paves the way to a new generation of high-frequency circuits and extremely robust, compact communication devices. |
| A new single-atom catalyst can produce hydrogen from urea at an exceptional rate Posted: 13 Oct 2021 07:46 AM PDT A new single-atom catalyst can produce hydrogen from urea at an exceptional rate. Liquid nitrogen quenching introduces tensile-strain on the surface of oxide support, stabilizing ultra-high loading of single metal atom sites. |
| Lack of power grids sealed fate for early electric cars Posted: 13 Oct 2021 07:46 AM PDT New research shows that insufficient infrastructure was key in American car manufacturers choosing gasoline cars over electric cars in the early 20th century. If electricity grids had spread just 15 or 20 years earlier, a majority of producers would have likely opted for electric cars, according to the study. |
| Did a black hole eating a star generate a neutrino? Unlikely, new study shows Posted: 13 Oct 2021 05:16 AM PDT New calculations show that a black hole slurping down a star may not have generated enough energy to launch a neutrino. |
| Storing data as mixtures of fluorescent dyes Posted: 13 Oct 2021 05:15 AM PDT As the world's data storage needs grow, new strategies for preserving information over long periods with reduced energy consumption are needed. Now, researchers have developed a data storage approach based on mixtures of fluorescent dyes, which are deposited onto an epoxy surface in tiny spots with an inkjet printer. The mixture of dyes at each spot encodes binary information that is read with a fluorescent microscope. |
| Attention-based deep neural network increases detection capability in sonar systems Posted: 12 Oct 2021 12:48 PM PDT In underwater acoustics, deep learning may improve sonar systems to help detect ships and submarines in distress or in restricted waters. However, noise interference can be a challenge. Researchers now explore an attention-based deep neural network to tackle this problem. They tested two ships, comparing their results with a typical deep neural network, and found the ABNN increases its predictions considerably as it gravitates toward the features closely correlated with the training goals. |
| A 5-sigma standard model anomaly is possible Posted: 12 Oct 2021 12:47 PM PDT One of the best chances for proving beyond-the-standard-model physics relies on something called the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix. The standard model insists that the CKM matrix, which describes the mixing of quarks, should be unitary. But growing evidence suggests that during certain forms of radioactive decay, the unitarity of the CKM matrix might break. |
| To find sterile neutrinos, think small Posted: 12 Oct 2021 12:47 PM PDT Experiments have spotted anomalies hinting at a new type of neutrino, one that would go beyond the standard model of particle physics and perhaps open a portal to the dark sector. But no one has ever directly observed this hypothetical particle. |
| Some of the biggest asteroids in our Solar System Posted: 12 Oct 2021 12:47 PM PDT Astronomers have imaged 42 of the largest objects in the asteroid belt, located between Mars and Jupiter. The observations reveal a wide range of peculiar shapes, from spherical to dog-bone, and are helping astronomers trace the origins of the asteroids in our Solar System. |
| Professor uncovers surprising results from nuclear reactions inside stars Posted: 12 Oct 2021 12:22 PM PDT Where do our elements come from? And how are they made? New research is flipping the script on those age-old nuclear astrophysics questions. The truth is out there -- several light years away among the stars, to be exact. |
| Winds of change: Improvements for wind energy production Posted: 12 Oct 2021 08:23 AM PDT In recent years, much progress has been made in the wind energy industry as the cost of development has declined significantly with emerging technologies and incentive policies. Nevertheless, wind farms can be made more efficient. Researchers now examine diurnal and seasonal patterns of wind speeds and their impact on the adequacy of energy production. The results helped them develop a seasonal adequacy assessment procedure. |
| Challenging the Big Bang puzzle of heavy elements Posted: 12 Oct 2021 08:22 AM PDT It has long been theorized that hydrogen, helium, and lithium were the only chemical elements in existence during the Big Bang, and that supernova explosions are responsible for transmuting these elements into heavier ones. Researchers are now challenging this and propose an alternative model for the formation of nitrogen, oxygen, and water based on the history of Earth's atmosphere. They postulate that the 25 elements with atomic numbers smaller than iron were created via an endothermic nuclear transmutation of two nuclei, carbon and oxygen. |
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