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| Synthetic tissue can repair hearts, muscles, and vocal cords Posted: 30 Nov 2021 12:04 PM PST Combining knowledge of chemistry, physics, biology, and engineering, scientists from McGill University develop a biomaterial tough enough to repair the heart, muscles, and vocal cords, representing a major advance in regenerative medicine. |
| Brief presence of water in Arabia Terra on Mars Posted: 30 Nov 2021 12:04 PM PST Scientists recently discovered that water was once present in a region of Mars called Arabia Terra. |
| Time crystal in a quantum computer Posted: 30 Nov 2021 10:02 AM PST Researchers have created and observed a new phase of matter, popularly known as a time crystal. |
| As LA traffic slowed amid the pandemic, researchers gained new insight into air pollution Posted: 30 Nov 2021 10:02 AM PST Car tailpipes spew out molecules of ammonia, a harmful air pollutant that can lead to thousands of premature deaths every year. New research shows that vehicles may produce a lot more of these emissions than federal and state regulators have believed. |
| Reshaping the plastic lifecycle into a circle Posted: 30 Nov 2021 08:25 AM PST New research gives a bird's-eye view of the scale of plastic creation globally, tracing where it's produced, where it ends up, and its environmental impact. |
| Nonverbal social interactions – even with unfriendly avatars – boost cooperation Posted: 30 Nov 2021 07:14 AM PST Scientists used animated humanoid avatars to study how nonverbal cues influence people's behavior. The research offers insight into the brain mechanisms that drive social and economic decision-making. |
| Closest pair of supermassive black holes yet Posted: 30 Nov 2021 05:43 AM PST Astronomers have revealed the closest pair of supermassive black holes to Earth ever observed. The two objects also have a much smaller separation than any other previously spotted pair of supermassive black holes and will eventually merge into one giant black hole. |
| Largest comet ever observed was active at near-record distance Posted: 29 Nov 2021 02:28 PM PST Astronomers show that comet Bernardinelli-Bernstein (BB), the largest comet ever discovered, was active long before previously thought, meaning the ice within it is vaporizing and forming an envelope of dust and vapor known as a coma. Only one active comet has been observed farther from the sun, and it was much smaller than comet BB. |
| Strong winds power electric fields in the upper atmosphere Posted: 29 Nov 2021 02:27 PM PST Using observations from NASA's ICON mission, scientists presented the first direct measurements of Earth's long-theorized dynamo on the edge of space: a wind-driven electrical generator that spans the globe 60-plus miles above our heads. The dynamo churns in the ionosphere, the electrically charged boundary between Earth and space. It's powered by tidal winds in the upper atmosphere that are faster than most hurricanes and rise from the lower atmosphere, creating an electrical environment that can affect satellites and technology on Earth. |
| Artificial intelligence that understands object relationships Posted: 29 Nov 2021 12:51 PM PST Researchers developed a machine learning model that understands the underlying relationships between objects in a scene and can generate accurate images of scenes from text descriptions. |
| Timber or steel? Study helps builders reduce carbon footprint of truss structures Posted: 29 Nov 2021 12:51 PM PST A new analysis could help architects and builders reduce the carbon footprint of truss structures, the crisscrossing struts that bolster bridges, towers, and buildings. |
| Crash safety: New traffic lights absorb kinetic energy Posted: 29 Nov 2021 12:50 PM PST Game-changing technology to design traffic lights that absorb kinetic energy, stopping them from crumpling when hit by a vehicle, will prevent thousands of fatalities and injuries each year and make our roads much safer. |
| Posted: 29 Nov 2021 12:50 PM PST Using a new microspectroscopic technique, scientists have found that steam disinfection of silicone-rubber baby bottle nipples exposes babies and the environment to micro- and nanoplastic particles. |
| Challenges to ongoing clean-up of burnt and unburnt nurdles along Sri Lanka’s coastline Posted: 29 Nov 2021 12:50 PM PST When a fire broke out on the deck of the M/V XPress Pearl cargo ship on May 20, 2021, an estimated 70-75 billion pellets of preproduction plastic material, known as nurdles, spilled into the ocean and along the Sri Lankan coastline. That spill of about 1,500 tons of nurdles, many of which were burnt by the fire, has threatened marine life and poses a complex clean-up challenge. |
| Team builds first living robots that can reproduce Posted: 29 Nov 2021 12:50 PM PST Scientists have discovered a new form of biological reproduction -- and created self-replicating living robots. Made from frog cells, these computer-designed organisms gather single cells inside a Pac-Man-shaped 'mouth' -- and release Xenobot 'babies' that look and move like themselves. Then the offspring go and do the same -- over and over. |
| 'Transformational' approach to machine learning could accelerate search for new disease treatments Posted: 29 Nov 2021 12:50 PM PST Researchers have developed a new approach to machine learning that 'learns how to learn' and out-performs current machine learning methods for drug design, which in turn could accelerate the search for new disease treatments. |
| Posted: 29 Nov 2021 09:28 AM PST Polymers, the basis of all plastics, usually do not have an ordered structure, in contrast to biopolymers such as proteins. A team of researchers has now developed a polymer that can be differentiated into folded (ordered) and unfolded (disordered) domains using UV irradiation. The team's work offers new possibilities for developing functional soft materials. |
| Research pushes auto industry closer to clean cars powered by direct ethanol fuel cells Posted: 29 Nov 2021 09:28 AM PST Alternative-energy research is charting a path toward the mass adoption of clean cars powered by direct-ethanol fuel cells. |
| Researchers light the way for organic glow-in-the-dark materials Posted: 29 Nov 2021 09:28 AM PST Organic materials could soon be utilized for glow-in-the-dark products, which has the potential to diversify and expand the already US$400 million industry, thanks to new research. |
| New discovery opens the way for brain-like computers Posted: 29 Nov 2021 09:27 AM PST Research has long strived to develop computers to work as energy efficiently as our brains. A study has now succeeded in combining a memory function with a calculation function in the same component. The discovery opens the way for more efficient technologies, everything from mobile phones to self-driving cars. |
| Sun is likely an unaccounted source of the Earth’s water Posted: 29 Nov 2021 09:27 AM PST Curtin University researchers have helped unravel the enduring mystery of the origins of the Earth's water, finding the Sun to be a surprising likely source. |
| Getting the most therapeutic potential out of cells Posted: 29 Nov 2021 09:27 AM PST A simple change in the way donor cells are processed can maximize a single cell's production of extracellular vesicles, which are small nanoparticles naturally secreted by cells, according to new research. |
| Tracking down microplastics in Antarctica Posted: 29 Nov 2021 09:27 AM PST Microplastics are everywhere, even in the most remote places. Where do these tiny pieces of plastic come from? Researchers have shown that it takes precise analysis to answer this question. |
| Sizing up the challenges in extracting lithium from geothermal brine Posted: 29 Nov 2021 07:57 AM PST For geothermal fields around the world, produced geothermal brine has been simply injected back underground, but now it's become clear that the brines produced at the Salton Sea geothermal field contain an immense amount of lithium, a critical resource need for low-carbon transportation and energy storage. Demand for lithium is skyrocketing, as it is an essential ingredient in lithium-ion batteries. Researchers have recently published a comprehensive review of past and current technologies for extracting minerals from geothermal brine. |
| Efficient organic solar cells processed from green solvents Posted: 29 Nov 2021 07:56 AM PST A small guest molecule in the right place makes it possible to produce energy-efficient organic solar cells using eco-friendly solvents. A record efficiency over 17% is demonstrated. In addition, solar cells with larger areas can be produced. |
| Programmable interaction between quantum magnets Posted: 29 Nov 2021 07:56 AM PST Researchers have succeeded in their aim of not only changing the strength but also the nature of the interaction between microscopic quantum magnets, known as spins. Instead of falling into a state of complete disorder, the especially prepared magnets can maintain their original orientation for a long period. With these findings, the physicists have successfully demonstrated a programmable control of spin interactions in isolated quantum systems. |
| Development of an artificial vision device capable of mimicking human optical illusions Posted: 29 Nov 2021 07:56 AM PST Researchers have developed an ionic artificial vision device capable of increasing the edge contrast between the darker and lighter areas of an mage in a manner similar to that of human vision. This first-ever synthetic mimicry of human optical illusions was achieved using ionic migration and interaction within solids. It may be possible to use the device to develop compact, energy-efficient visual sensing and image processing hardware systems capable of processing analog signals. |
| In the quantum realm, not even time flows as you might expect Posted: 26 Nov 2021 10:08 AM PST A team of physicists has shown how quantum systems can simultaneously evolve along two opposite time arrows - both forward and backward in time. The study necessitates a rethink of how the flow of time is understood and represented in contexts where quantum laws play a crucial role. |
| Doing photon upconversion a solid — Crystals that convert light to more useful wavelengths Posted: 25 Nov 2021 12:48 PM PST Solid-solution organic crystals have been brought into the quest for superior photon upconversion materials, which transform presently wasted long-wavelength light into more useful shorter wavelength light. Scientists revisited a materials approach previously deemed lackluster -- using a molecule originally developed for organic LEDs -- achieving outstanding performance and efficiency. Their findings pave the way for many novel photonic technologies, such as better solar cells and photocatalysts for hydrogen and hydrocarbon productions. |
| 'Magic wand' reveals a colorful nano-world Posted: 25 Nov 2021 12:48 PM PST Researchers describe a revolutionary imaging technology that compresses lamp light into a nanometer-sized spot. It holds that light at the end of a silver nanowire like a Hogwarts student practicing the 'Lumos' spell, and uses it to reveal previously invisible details, including colors, in nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes. |
| Accelerated renewables-based electrification paves the way for a post-fossil future Posted: 25 Nov 2021 12:48 PM PST Cost-slashing innovations are underway in the electric power sector and could give electricity the lead over fossil-based combustion fuels in the world's energy supply by mid-century. When combined with a global carbon price, these developments can catalyse emission reductions to reach the Paris climate targets, while reducing the need for controversial negative emissions, a new study finds. |
| ‘Super jelly’ can survive being run over by a car Posted: 25 Nov 2021 12:48 PM PST Researchers have developed a jelly-like material that can withstand the equivalent of an elephant standing on it, and completely recover to its original shape, even though it's 80% water. |
| Orbital harmony limits late arrival of water on TRAPPIST-1 planets Posted: 25 Nov 2021 12:48 PM PST Seven Earth-sized planets orbit the star TRAPPIST-1 in near-perfect harmony, and researchers have now used that harmony to determine how much physical abuse the planets could have withstood in their infancy. |
| How molecular clusters in the nucleus interact with chromosomes Posted: 24 Nov 2021 12:41 PM PST Using computer simulations, chemists have discovered how nuclear bodies called nucleoli interact with chromosomes in the nucleus, and how those interactions help the nucleoli exist as stable droplets within the nucleus. |
| A seemingly unattainable energy transition Posted: 24 Nov 2021 12:40 PM PST Researchers have managed to address an unusual energy transition in a semiconductor. |
| Over the top: Car jump study turns over old physics problem Posted: 24 Nov 2021 12:40 PM PST If an automobile is moving at a steady speed over a hill in the shape of a vertical circular arc, what is the maximum speed it can attain without losing contact with the road at the crest of the hill? New research demonstrates that, despite numerous textbook references stating otherwise, a car will leave the ground on the downside of a peak. The study presents three cases to illustrate the nuances of the different physics principles at play and a researcher ultimately presents a compelling argument, dispelling the long-held notion a car can leave the road at the top of a smooth hill. |
| Mars seismic deployment lays groundwork for future planetary missions Posted: 24 Nov 2021 12:39 PM PST About 1000 days after the Mars InSight mission deployed SEIS, the first seismometer on the red planet, researchers are analyzing new seismic data and reporting on instrument responses, using these data to plan for future planetary seismographs. |
| Electrons set the stage for neutrino experiments Posted: 24 Nov 2021 12:39 PM PST Neutrinos may be the key to finally solving a mystery of the origins of our matter-dominated universe, and preparations for two major, billion-dollar experiments are underway to reveal the particles' secrets. Now, a team of nuclear physicists have turned to the humble electron to provide insight for how these experiments can better prepare to capture critical information. |
| We might not know half of what’s in our cells, new AI technique reveals Posted: 24 Nov 2021 12:39 PM PST Artificial intelligence-based technique reveals previously unknown cell components that may provide new clues to human development and disease. |
| A new topological magnet with colossal angular magnetoresistance Posted: 24 Nov 2021 12:39 PM PST A new topological magnet with colossal angular magnetoresistance. Trillion percent change of resistance can be achieved in the new material by simply rotating the direction of spin. |
| Posted: 24 Nov 2021 12:39 PM PST To push confocal imaging to an unprecedented level of performance, scientists have invented a 'kitchen sink' confocal platform that borrows solutions from other high-powered imaging systems, adds a unifying thread of 'Deep Learning' artificial intelligence algorithms, and successfully improves the confocal's volumetric resolution by more than 10-fold while simultaneously reducing phototoxicity. |
| Shifting colors for on-chip photonics Posted: 24 Nov 2021 12:39 PM PST Researchers have developed highly efficient, on-chip frequency shifters that can convert light in the gigahertz frequency range. The frequency shifters are easily controlled, using continuous and single-tone microwaves. |
| Astronomers discover ancient brown dwarf with lithium deposits intact Posted: 24 Nov 2021 12:38 PM PST Researchers have discovered lithium in the oldest and coldest brown dwarf where the presence of this valuable element has been confirmed so far. This substellar object, called Reid 1B, preserves intact the earliest known lithium deposit in our cosmic neighborhood, dating back to a time before the formation of the binary system to which it belongs. |
| New study shows electric fields can improve the efficiency of wastewater purification Posted: 24 Nov 2021 12:38 PM PST A new technological advancement uses an electric field to achieve efficient and low-cost ammonia removal from wastewater. |
| Potential of demand response in reducing CO2 emissions Posted: 24 Nov 2021 12:38 PM PST Demand response (DR) programs incentivize electric grid users to consume less power during peak hours, relieving grid load and reducing CO2 emissions. However, its potential as a practical approach remains unverified. Now, scientists propose an AI-based approach to estimate the DR potential per household based on real-world user behavior, demonstrating that DR programs are beneficial for customers, suppliers, and the environment. |
| AI used to optimize several flow battery properties simultaneously Posted: 23 Nov 2021 01:28 PM PST To find the right battery molecules, researchers have turned to the power of artificial intelligence to search through a vast chemical space of over a million molecules and optimize for several properties. |
| Researchers develop new approach to nanoparticles that stop internal bleeding Posted: 23 Nov 2021 01:27 PM PST Researchers have developed a unique way of modifying the surfaces of nanoparticles within life-saving medications to provide infusions that can be delivered more quickly, but with a reduced risk of negative reactions. |
| New chip hides wireless messages in plain sight Posted: 23 Nov 2021 10:14 AM PST Researchers have developed a method for incorporating security in the physical nature of the wireless transmission signal for 5G and future networks. |
| New method gives rapid, objective insight into how cells are changed by disease Posted: 23 Nov 2021 10:14 AM PST A new 'image analysis pipeline' is giving scientists rapid new insight into how disease or injury have changed the body, down to the individual cell. It's called TDAExplore, which takes the detailed imaging provided by microscopy, pairs it with a hot area of mathematics called topology, which provides insight on how things are arranged, and the analytical power of artificial intelligence to give, for example, a new perspective on changes in a cell resulting from ALS and where in the cell they happen, according to a cell biologist involved with the study. |
| Free green services could substantially reduce emissions Posted: 23 Nov 2021 10:14 AM PST Using carbon tax revenue to fund free green electricity and public transport could significantly reduce individual households' greenhouse gas emissions, a new study has found. Providing these services for free could reduce home energy emissions by 13.4%, and motor fuel emissions by 23.8%. |
| Chemical researchers invent bio-petroleum for sustainable materials Posted: 23 Nov 2021 10:13 AM PST Researchers have developed a chemical technology of combined fermentation and chemical refining that can produce petroleum-like liquids from renewable plants. These renewable liquids could serve as a more sustainable replacement for today's fossil fuels used to make everyday products like plastic containers and bags, automobile parts, lubricants, and soaps. |
| Chemistry: Researchers develop novel, inexpensive catalysts enabling noble metal chemistry Posted: 23 Nov 2021 10:13 AM PST Alkynes have many uses in industry. Until now, it was assumed that gold- or platinum-based catalysts were absolutely necessary for certain chemical reactions with alkynes. Chemists have now succeeded in carrying out the same reactions with considerably less expensive materials. |
| Two-meter COVID-19 rule is 'arbitrary measurement' of safety Posted: 23 Nov 2021 10:13 AM PST A new study has shown that the airborne transmission of COVID-19 is highly random and suggests that the two-metre rule was a number chosen from a risk 'continuum', rather than any concrete measurement of safety. |
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