| | | | | | | | Natalja Bode: Portrait of a fighter plane pilot who has shot eight enemy planes, 1943
© FotoSojus, Moscow | | | | | Wartime and Adventure | | | | Women Photojournalists in Europe 1914 – 1945 | | | | | | | 28 September 2017 – 11 February 2018 | | | | Opening: Wednesday, 27 September, 7 pm | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Alice Shalek: General Böhm-Ermolli at the troup inspection, June 1917
© Austrian National Library | | | | | | Das Verborgene Museum shows about 70 spectacular photographs, graphics, magazines and documents of European women photographers on the war scenarios of 1914-1945 at the front and home front.
Between 1914 and 1945, during the two international wars of aggression and the Spanish Civil War, women took part as war correspondents, whether as professional photographers and journalists, or as amateur photographers or nurses with cameras. They witnessed the care of the wounded in field hospitals, troop entertainments at base and military conflict along the lines, just as they recorded life at home on the domestic front. They opposed the Kaiser, fascists and Nazis, but being female does not automatically mean being a pacifist. For example the Austrian Alice Schalek was fascinated by war. Schalek, the first woman to be accredited as a war photographer, enthusiastically accompanied soldiers as far as the Isonzo mountains in 1914-16, and her verbal skirmishes in the press with the Viennese pacifist Karl Kraus caused quite a stir. In Germany, women were not allowed onto the battlefields, but most middle-class women proudly volunteered for any task to support the home front. The amateur photographer Käthe Buchler portrayed them in such roles as tram conductor, postwoman or night watchwoman, mobilising their efforts with slide lectures. | | | | | | | | | Mrs Albert (Christina) Broom: Women's Police Officers, led by Inspector Mary Allen, a former women's rights activist,
receive instructions for the Womens War Work Exhibition, Knightsbridge, London, May 1916
© Imperial War Museum | | | | | | In Britain, it was the suffragettes who fought for women’s right to vote and then, when war broke out, their right to serve in the war. The exhibition shows works by a professional studio portrait photographer from London and snapshots by nurses who, in Belgium and in Russia, documented the care of the wounded and everyday war in camp. Little attention has so far been paid to the women who chronicled the Spanish Civil War, with one exception: Gerda Taro is currently the best-known female war photographer in Europe. Her photos are a political indictment of war, and she focuses on the people, not the weaponry or military events. She met a cruel death while at work among Republicans on the front ranks.
World War II saw more women from different countries taking pictures. In winter 1944, Germaine Krull provided detailed reportage from the Allied liberation of Alsace for the military press agency of the Free French forces; Eva Besnyö, exiled in the Netherlands as a persecuted Jew, took photographs of the German destruction of Rotterdam in 1940, before she went into hiding. The Soviet war correspondents Natalya Bode and Olga Lander made a sensational contribution. Working for the Red Army, they provided pictures for major newspapers, magazines and agencies. We only have a sketchy idea of their lives and work, but their photographs, taken at scenes like the Battle of Stalingrad, are unique documents. Yet when they returned to civilian life, they encountered much distrust and contempt.
The exhibition ends with a few specimens from the scantily researched history of German women working as photographers in World War II. From occupied Libya (1942) and the Balkans (1941-43), Ilse Steinhoff provided pictures for conforming Nazi publications like "BIZ", "Signal" and "Die Wehrmacht". | | | | | | | | | Natalja Bode: After taking over a German position in front of Stalingrad,
January 1943 © FotoSojus, Moscow | | | | | | unsubscribe here
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